Imagery and its Relations to Schizophrenic Symptoms

1938 ◽  
Vol 84 (349) ◽  
pp. 284-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Schizophrenic Symptom ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Symptom Formation

Of fundamental importance in the problem of symptom-formation in schizophrenia is the question of the relationship of given symptoms to specific aspects of the personality. The present paper bears on this question in that it is concerned with the investigation of the imagery of the schizophrenic, and the relationship of certain symptoms to specific imagery characteristics. More specifically stated, interest here is in the questions of (1) whether or not the imagery of schizophrenics is different from that of normal individuals, and of (2) the relationships of the imagery of schizophrenics to such symptoms as hallucinations, delusions, and activity disturbances. It is believed that these observations may serve the psychiatrist in understanding the nature of the schizophrenic process by its indication of the importance of imagery in schizophrenic symptom-formation.

SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS: I. LEVELS IN NORMAL CHILDREN AND IN UNCOMPLICATED CHILDHOOD ALLERGY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-611
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Buckley ◽  
Susan C. Dees ◽  
W. Michael O'Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulins ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In 201 normal individuals from infancy to adulthood, serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and M are presented as geometric mean values (mg/l00 ml) and as percents of adult mean values for each of these proteins. A statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between age and both IgG and IgA concentrations up to ages 6 and 7 years. No correlation was present between age and immunoglobulin concentrations beyond that time, suggesting that the adult concentrations of IgG and IgA are normally reached and maintained after ages 6 and 7 years. In contrast, analysis of the IgM data suggested that the adult value is reached by age 1 year. No truly significant differences were found in immunoglobulin concentrations which could be attributed to sex. Significantly higher concentrations of IgG were found in normal Negro than in normal Caucasian subjects after age 6 years, but no significant differences were found below this age for IgG or at any age for IgA and IgM. Similarly determined serum immunoglobulins in 85 allergic children, selected because they had no complicating illnesses, were compared with the normal group according to the age of the child. No significant differences were found in concentrations of either IgG or IgA. Some differences were found in IgM, but these were small and were primarily associated with the relationship of IgM to age in the allergic group.

scholarly journals mRNA Biomarkers for Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rashid ◽  
Tahereh Naji ◽  
Abdolreza Mohamadnia ◽  
Naghmeh Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Cancer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample

Objectives: Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. Changes in the expression of CK19 and CEA genes in peripheral blood of OSCC patients were examined for early diagnosis. Methodology: The participants were 36 patients and 36 normal individuals. CK19 and CEA of blood serum were measured through Real-Time PCR. The relationship of the biomarkers with tumor staging and cancer development was examined. Results: Comparison of the two groups of participants using t-test indicated no significant difference in terms of mean age. CK19 marker was positive in 19 participants of the patients group (n=36), which meant the sensitivity of the marker was 53%. In addition, the marker was positive in eight participants of the normal group (n=36). CEA marker was positive in 26 participants of the patients group (n=36), which meant the sensitivity of the marker was 72%. Moreover, the marker was positive in 11 participants in the normal group (n=36). Conclusion: In general, the study introduced a screening test for early diagnosis of OSCC. To have evidences with more reliability, future studies should be carried out with larger sample groups.

scholarly journals Association of Psychological Stress with Physical Fitness in a Military Cohort: The CHIEF Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1240-e1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Huan Lin ◽  
Yu-Jung Chen ◽  
Szu-Nian Yang ◽  
Ming-Wei Liu ◽  
Chung-Cheng Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Psychological stress is associated with sedentary behavior, which may impair exercise performance. The aim of our study was to examine the association between psychological stress and physical fitness in military personnel. Method A military cohort of 4080 subjects in Taiwan was used for the analysis. The Brief Symptoms Rating Scale (BSRS-5) includes items of anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, and insomnia measured by a five-point Likert-type scale of 0–4. Psychological stress was defined as normal (n = 3657), slight (n = 314), and great (n = 109) by BSRS-5 score ≤5, 6–9, and ≥10, respectively. Aerobic fitness and anaerobic fitness were evaluated by the time of 3000-meter running and the numbers of 2-min sit-ups and 2-min push-ups, respectively. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship. Results As compared with normal stress, slight and great stress were positive dose-dependently correlated with 3000-meter running time (β = 9.09 and 14.44; P = 0.0032 and 0.048, respectively) after adjusting for age, sex, service specialty, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, hemoglobin levels, and exercise frequency. Similarly, those with slight stress were more likely to be the worst 10% performers in the 3000-meter run test relative to the normal individuals (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals: 1.50, 1.00–2.24). By contrast, there was no relationship of psychological stress with the numbers of 2-min sit-ups and 2-min push-ups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the presence of higher psychological stress on military personnel may reduce their cardiorespiratory fitness but not affect the anaerobic fitness.

Investigation Into Sleep Disturbance of Patients Suffering from Cluster Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Nobre ◽  
AJ Leal ◽  
PMF Filho
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The new discoveries relating to cluster headache (CH) encouraged the study of the relationship of the hypothalamus to respiratory physiology and its comorbidity with sleep apnoea. The question is whether the apnoeas are more frequent during REM sleep and the desaturations could be involved as triggers of the cluster attacks. Furthermore, could the connection with the hypothalamus, already proved, be responsible for an alteration in the structure of REM sleep and a chemoreceptor dysfunction. We set out to analyse when polysomnography investigation is necessary in patients with CH. We studied 37 patients suffering from episodic CH, 31 (83.8%) men and six (16.2%) women. For the control group, we selected 35 individuals, 31 (88.6%) men and four (11.4%) women. There was a greater percentage of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients with CH (58.3%) compared with the control group (14.3%) and with the general population (2-4%). In cases of pain during sleep, the majority is deflagrated during the REM phase, following a desaturation episode. A stratified analysis of the apnoea/hypnoea index relating to body mass index (BMI) and age showed that patients with CH have 8.4 times more chance of exhibiting OSA than normal individuals ( P < 0001). This risk increases to 24.38 in patients with a BMI > 25 kg/m2 and increases to 13.5 in patients > 40 years old. Surprisingly, the risk decreases sharply in patients with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 and who are < 40 years old. Due to the fact that polysomnography is a complex, costly and sometimes difficult examination, we suggest, in concordance with the results, that it should be carried out routinely in patients with CH that exhibit a BMI of > 25 kg/m2 and/or in patients who are > 40 years of age.

Sein oder Geltung? Eine Deutungsperspektive zu Fichtes Lehre vom Absoluten und seiner Erscheinung

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 204-228
Author(s):  
Michael Gerten ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In Fichte research, there is no consensus on the interpretation of a topic of fundamental importance for Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre: the relationship of the absolute ‘in itself’ to its appearance. In addition to the difficulty of the matter in itself, the problems of understanding might also be related to the linguistic and terminological form of its presentation.My paper starts with the hypothesis, that an adequate understanding is actually decisively dependent on the dissolution of the ambiguity of the terminus “being”, which also occupies a prominent position in Fichte’s prima philosophia. Taking a distinction from Rudolf Hermann Lotze, I consider in a type of thought experiment whether and how Fichte‘s concept of the absolute qua absolute being (“Sein”, as a counter-concept to appearance / image / existence of the absolute) can be explained or replaced by the term validity (“Geltung”). It is also necessary to consider to what extent the idea of validity is already contained in Fichte’s “Theory of Truth”.

scholarly journals THE USE OF PRECIPITIN ANALYSIS IN AGAR FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Halbert ◽  
T. Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Antibodies ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Chromatographic Peaks ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Studies on the purification of group A streptococcal extracellular antigens detectable with naturally occurring human antibodies from normal individuals have been extended. It has been shown that streptococcal electrophoretic fractions intermediate between the most rapidly migrating components are quite complex. In the calcium phosphate chromatography of adjacent electrophoretic fractions, particular antigenic components desorbed at similar buffer elution steps. It is clear from the results obtained that substantially more extracellular antigens than the twelve heretofore recognized are secreted in human beings during infection, as judged by their detection with human antibodies. The precise number is not yet known, but is probably greater than 16. Of the nine components which thus far have been separated rather well from the others, four were previously identified as streptolysin "O," diphosphopyridine nucleotidase, proteinase precursor, and desoxyribonuclease B. The accumulated data substantiated these previous identifications. The identity of a fifth antigen has been made as a possible complex of C carbohydrate and protein. Tentative evidence for the relationship of a sixth component to scarlet fever toxin has been presented. It has been shown that rechromatography of crystalline proteinase precursor and desoxyribonuclease B on calcium phosphate columns resulted in elution principally at the expected stepwise increase in buffer concentration. Attempts to isolate antigens present as mixtures in some calcium phosphate chromatographic peaks, by rechromatography on DEAE or CM cellulose columns resulted in only limited further purifications.

scholarly journals Curves and surfaces in the context of optometry. Part 1: Curves*

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Theorem ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Brief Treatment ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
The Face ◽  
Curvature And Torsion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper introduces the differential geom-etry of curves in Euclidean 3-space, the motiva-tion being the writer’s belief that, despite their fundamental importance, curves are inadequate-ly treated in optometric educational programs. Curvature and torsion are defined along a curve. Two  numerical  examples  are  presented.  The fundamental theorem of curves is stated. The relationship of the geometry of varifocal lenses and curves known as involutes are discussed. A brief treatment of the theory of contact is given with  suggestions  of  applications  in  contact between  spectacle  lenses  and  frames,  contact lenses and corneas (including orthokeratology), intra-ocular lenses and structures in the eye, and spectacle frames and the face.

Henry VIII's Greeting of Anne of Cleves and Early Modern Court Protocol

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retha M. Warnicke
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Specific Result ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grand Public ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The elaborate pageantry and festivities of grand public processions have proven to be of great interest to historians writing on late medieval and early modern Europe. The more limited ceremonies and protocol at court have attracted somewhat less attention, although on occasion they have been adopted as evidence of a monarch's personal feelings about his attendants and family members. A study of royal protocol and the social and political framework in which rulers fulfilled their roles as sovereigns is timely, for it will surely lead to a new and fuller understanding of how monarchs's public roles, such as those of the Tudors, related to their private motivations.Greeting ceremonies, which were one aspect of the “law of hospitality,” require special attention, because they offer insights into the interactions of people of varying status who were of fundamental importance to the hierarchical communities of Europe. As Esther Goody points out, “Greeting becomes a mode of entering upon or manipulating a relationship in order to achieve a specific result.” How monarchs privately greeted their brides, the topic of this essay, not only offers insights into the complexity of the relationship of individuals who were wed by proxy before they had become acquainted, but also offers evidence of how the greeting ritual performed by monarchs differed from that enacted by their royal and noble relatives.

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