All-cause mortality among recipients of electroconvulsive therapy

BackgroundStudies investigating mortality secondary to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are few.AimsTo assess the risk of mortality from natural and unnatural causes among ECT recipients compared with other psychiatric in-patients over a 25-year period.MethodRegister-based cohort study of all in-patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital from 1976 to 2000. Cause-specific mortality was analysed using log–linear Poisson regression.ResultsThere were 783 deceased in-patients who had received ECT compared with 5781 who had not. Patients who had received ECT had a lower overall mortality rate from natural causes (RR=0.82,95% CI 0.74–0.90) but a slightly higher suicide rate (RR=1.20,95% CI 0.99–1.47), especially within the first 7 days after the last ECT treatment (RR=4.82,95% CI 2.12–10.95).ConclusionsFurther investigation of the effect of ECT on physical health and the observed increased suicide rate immediately following treatment are needed, although the last finding is likely to result from selection bias.

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All-cause and cancer-specific mortality in GORD in a population-based cohort study (the HUNT study)

Gut ◽

10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312514 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 209-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eivind Ness-Jensen ◽

Eivind Gottlieb-Vedi ◽

Karl Wahlin ◽

Jesper Lagergren

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Concern ◽

Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Reflux Symptoms ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Cancer Specific Mortality

ObjectiveGastro-oesophageal reflux is a public health concern which could have associated oesophageal complications, including adenocarcinoma, and possibly also head-and-neck and lung cancers. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that reflux increases all-cause and cancer-specific mortalities in an unselected cohort.DesignThe Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT), a Norwegian population-based cohort study, was used to identify individuals with and without reflux in 1995–1997 and 2006–2008, with follow-up until 2014. All-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality were assessed from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and Cancer Registry. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate HRs with 95% CIs for mortality with adjustments for potential confounders.ResultsWe included 4758 participants with severe reflux symptoms and 51 381 participants without reflux symptoms, contributing 60 323 and 747 239 person-years at risk, respectively. Severe reflux was not associated with all-cause mortality, overall cancer-specific mortality or mortality in cancer of the head-and-neck or lung. However, for men with severe reflux a sixfold increase in oesophageal adenocarcinoma-specific mortality was found (HR 6.09, 95% CI 2.33 to 15.93) and the mortality rate was 0.27 per 1000 person-years. For women, the corresponding mortality was not significantly increased (HR 3.68, 95% CI 0.88 to 15.27) and the mortality rate was 0.05 per 1000 person-years.ConclusionsIndividuals with severe reflux symptoms do not seem to have increased all-cause mortality or overall cancer-specific mortality. Although the absolute risk is small, individuals with severe reflux symptoms have a clearly increased oesophageal adenocarcinoma-specific mortality.

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Prospective cohort study of mortality in very low birthweight infants in a single centre in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000918

Author(s):

Isabel A Michaelis ◽

Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann ◽

Ncomeka Manyisane ◽

Mikateko C Mazinu ◽

Esme R Jordaan

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Eastern Cape Province ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Overall Mortality

BackgroundNeonatal mortality is a major contributor worldwide to the number of deaths in children under 5 years of age. The primary objective of this study was to assess the overall mortality rate of babies with a birth weight equal or below 1500 g in a neonatal unit at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Furthermore, different maternal-related and infant-related factors for higher mortality were analysed.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study which included infants admitted to the neonatal wards of the hospital within their first 24 hours of life and with a birth weight equal to or below 1500 g. Mothers who consented answered a questionnaire to identify factors for mortality.Results173 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were recruited in the neonatal department between November 2017 and December 2018, of whom 55 died (overall mortality rate 32.0%). Twenty-three of the 44 infants (53,5%) with a birth weight below 1000 g died during the admission. One hundred and sixty-one mothers completed the questionnaire and 45 of their babies died.Main factors associated with mortality were lower gestational age and lower birth weight. Need for ventilator support and sepsis were associated with higher mortality, as were maternal factors such as HIV infection and age below 20 years.ConclusionThis prospective study looked at survival of VLBW babies in an underprivileged part of the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Compared with other public urban hospitals in the country, the survival rate remains unacceptably low. Further research is required to find the associated causes and appropriate ways to address these.

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All-cause mortality and location of death in patients with established cardiovascular disease before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown: a Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab028 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jawad H Butt ◽

Emil L Fosbøl ◽

Thomas A Gerds ◽

Charlotte Andersson ◽

Kristian Kragholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Location Of Death ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

History Of ◽

Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Adjusted Incidence ◽

Overall Mortality

Abstract Background On 13 March 2020, the Danish authorities imposed extensive nationwide lockdown measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reallocated limited healthcare resources. We investigated mortality rates, overall and according to location, in patients with established cardiovascular disease before, during, and after these lockdown measures. Methods and results Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified a dynamic cohort comprising all Danish citizens with cardiovascular disease (i.e. a history of ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or peripheral artery disease) alive on 2 January 2019 and 2020. The cohort was followed from 2 January 2019/2020 until death or 16/15 October 2019/2020. The cohort comprised 340 392 and 347 136 patients with cardiovascular disease in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The overall, in-hospital, and out-of-hospital mortality rate in 2020 before lockdown was significantly lower compared with the same period in 2019 [adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) CI 0.87–0.95; IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89–1.02; and IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83–0.93, respectively]. The overall mortality rate during and after lockdown was not significantly different compared with the same period in 2019 (IRR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.02). However, the in-hospital mortality rate was lower and out-of-hospital mortality rate higher during and after lockdown compared with the same period in 2019 (in-hospital, IRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88–0.96; out-of-hospital, IRR 1.04, 95% CI1.01–1.08). These trends were consistent irrespective of sex and age. Conclusions Among patients with established cardiovascular disease, the in-hospital mortality rate was lower and out-of-hospital mortality rate higher during lockdown compared with the same period in the preceding year, irrespective of age and sex.

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Association between glaucoma surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among elderly patients with glaucoma: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96063-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sang Yeop Lee ◽

Hun Lee ◽

Ji Sung Lee ◽

Sol Ah Han ◽

Yoon Jeon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Glaucoma Surgery ◽

Population Based ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Charlson Comorbidity Index Score ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality

AbstractThis population-based, retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between glaucoma surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Korean elderly patients with glaucoma. A total of 16210 elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) diagnosed with glaucoma between 2003 and 2012 were included, and their insurance data were analyzed. The participants were categorized into a glaucoma surgery cohort (n = 487), which included individuals who had diagnostic codes for open angle glaucoma (OAG) or angle closure glaucoma (ACG) and codes for glaucoma surgery, and a glaucoma diagnosis cohort (n = 15,723), which included patients who had codes for OAG and ACG but not for glaucoma surgery. Sociodemographic factors, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and ocular comorbidities were included as covariates. Cox regression models were used to assess the association between glaucoma surgery and mortality. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 34.76/1,000 person-years and 27.88/1,000 person-years in the glaucoma surgery and diagnosis groups, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality associated with glaucoma surgery was 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.62, P = 0.014). The adjusted HR for mortality due to a neurologic cause was significant (HR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.18–6.00, P = 0.018). The adjusted HRs for mortality due to cancer (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.07–3.83, P = 0.029) and accident or trauma (HR = 4.00, 95% CI 1.55–10.34, P = 0.004) associated with glaucoma surgery for ACG were significant as well. Glaucoma surgery was associated with an increase of mortality in elderly patients with glaucoma. In particular, the risk of mortality associated with glaucoma surgery due to neurologic causes was significant.

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Associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective cohort study

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217176 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. annrheumdis-2020-217176 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zhi-Hao Li ◽

Xiang Gao ◽

Vincent CH Chung ◽

Wen-Fang Zhong ◽

Qi Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Digestive Disease ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Respiratory Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Large Prospective Cohort

ObjectivesTo evaluate the associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort.MethodsThis population-based prospective cohort study included 495 077 women and men (mean (SD) age, 56.6 (8.1) years) from the UK Biobank study. Participants were recruited from 2006 to 2010 and were followed up through 2018. We evaluated all-cause mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, respiratory and digestive disease. HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential confounding variables.ResultsAt baseline, 19.1% of the participants reported regular use of glucosamine supplements. During a median follow-up of 8.9 years (IQR 8.3–9.7 years), 19 882 all-cause deaths were recorded, including 3802 CVD deaths, 8090 cancer deaths, 3380 respiratory disease deaths and 1061 digestive disease deaths. In multivariable adjusted analyses, the HRs associated with glucosamine use were 0.85 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.89) for all-cause mortality, 0.82 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.90) for CVD mortality, 0.94 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) for cancer mortality, 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.81) for respiratory mortality and 0.74 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.90) for digestive mortality. The inverse associations of glucosamine use with all-cause mortality seemed to be somewhat stronger among current than non-current smokers (p for interaction=0.00080).ConclusionsRegular glucosamine supplementation was associated with lower mortality due to all causes, cancer, CVD, respiratory and digestive diseases.

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Mortality, causes of death and influence of medication use in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus vs matched controls

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 207-216

Author(s):

Irene E M Bultink ◽

Frank de Vries ◽

Ronald F van Vollenhoven ◽

Arief Lalmohamed

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Practice Research ◽

Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Objectives We wanted to estimate the magnitude of the risk from all-cause, cause-specific and sex-specific mortality in patients with SLE and relative risks compared with matched controls and to evaluate the influence of exposure to medication on risk of mortality in SLE. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics and national death certificates (from 1987 to 2012). Each SLE patient (n = 4343) was matched with up to six controls (n = 21 780) by age and sex. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate overall and cause-specific mortality rate ratios. Results Patients with SLE had a 1.8-fold increased mortality rate for all-cause mortality compared with age- and sex-matched subjects [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.57, 2.08]. The HR was highest in patients aged 18–39 years (adjusted HR = 4.87, 95% CI: 1.93, 12.3). Mortality rates were not significantly different between male and female patients. Cumulative glucocorticoid use raised the mortality rate, whereas the HR was reduced by 45% with cumulative low-dose HCQ use. Patients with SLE had increased cause-specific mortality rates for cardiovascular disease, infections, non-infectious respiratory disease and for death attributable to accidents or suicide, whereas the mortality rate for cancer was reduced in comparison to controls. Conclusion British patients with SLE had a 1.8-fold increased mortality rate compared with the general population. Glucocorticoid use and being diagnosed at a younger age were associated with an increased risk of mortality. HCQ use significantly reduced the mortality rate, but this association was found only in the lowest cumulative dosage exposure group.

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Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1289

Author(s):

Chang Seong Kim ◽

Kyung-Do Han ◽

Hong Sang Choi ◽

Eun Hui Bae ◽

Seong Kwon Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

National Health Insurance System ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Nationally Representative

In this study based on a large nationally representative sample of Korean adults, we investigated the potential associations of the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We obtained the data of 18,699 participants >20 years of age who were followed up with for 4 years and for whom BMI and WC information were available, using a nationally representative dataset from the Korean National Health Insurance System. Patients were stratified into five levels by their baseline BMI and into six levels by their WC (5-cm increments). A total of 4975 deaths occurred during a median follow-up period of 48.2 months. Participants with a higher BMI had a lower mortality rate than those with a lower BMI. In a fully adjusted Cox regression analysis, being overweight and obese was associated with a significantly lower relative risk of all-cause mortality relative to the reference group. Conversely, the mortality rate was higher among participants with a high WC than among those with a low WC. Participants with the highest WC had a higher risk of mortality, while those with the lowest WC level had a significantly lower risk of mortality. In conclusion, all-cause mortality was positively associated with WC, a measure of abdominal obesity, and inversely associated with BMI, a measure of body volume, in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

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Sociodemographic, labour market marginalisation and medical characteristics as risk factors for reinfarction and mortality within 1 year after a first acute myocardial infarction: a register-based cohort study of a working age population in Sweden

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e033616

Author(s):

Mo Wang ◽

Marjan Vaez ◽

Thomas Ernst Dorner ◽

Syed Ghulam Rahman ◽

Magnus Helgesson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Labour Market ◽

Work Disability ◽

First Year ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality

ObjectivesResearch covering a wide range of risk factors related to the prognosis during the first year after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate whether sociodemographic, labour market marginalisation and medical characteristics before/at AMI were associated with subsequent reinfarction and all-cause mortality.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.ParticipantsThe cohort included 15 069 individuals aged 25–64 years who had a first AMI during 2008–2010.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome measures consisted of reinfarction and all-cause mortality within 1 year following an AMI, which were estimated by univariate and multivariable HRs and 95% CIs by Cox regression.ResultsSociodemographic characteristics such as lower education showed a 1.1-fold and 1.3-fold higher risk for reinfarction and mortality, respectively. Older age was associated with a higher risk of mortality while being born in non-European countries showed a lower risk of mortality. Labour market marginalisation such as previous long-term work disability was associated with a twofold higher risk of mortality. Regarding medical characteristics, ST-elevation myocardial infarction was predictive for reinfarction (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.21) and all-cause mortality (HR: 3.80, 95% CI: 3.08 to 4.68). Moreover, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, stroke, cancer and mental disorders were associated with a higher risk of mortality (range of HRs: 1.24–2.59).ConclusionsSociodemographic and medical risk factors were identified as risk factors for mortality and reinfarction after AMI, including older age, immigration status, somatic and mental comorbidities. Previous long-term work disability and infarction type provide useful information for predicting adverse outcomes after AMI during the first year, particularly for mortality.

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