scholarly journals The Demise of the URM Building Stock in Christchurch during the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Moon ◽  
Dmytro Dizhur ◽  
Ilaria Senaldi ◽  
Hossein Derakhshan ◽  
Michael Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Progressive Damage ◽  
General Description ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Major Earthquake ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Accumulation Of Damage

The progressive damage and subsequent demolition of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings arising from the Canterbury earthquake sequence is reported. A dataset was compiled of all URM buildings located within the Christchurch CBD, including information on location, building characteristics, and damage levels after each major earthquake in this sequence. A general description of the overall damage and the hazard to both building occupants and to nearby pedestrians due to debris falling from URM buildings is presented with several case study buildings used to describe the accumulation of damage over the earthquake sequence. The benefit of seismic improvement techniques that had been installed to URM buildings is shown by the reduced damage ratios reported for increased levels of retrofit. Demolition statistics for URM buildings in the Christchurch CBD are also reported and discussed.

scholarly journals Post-earthquake Demolition in Christchurch, New Zealand: A Case-Study Towards Incorporating Environmental Impacts in Demolition Decisions

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
R. E. Gonzalez ◽  
M. T. Stephens ◽  
C. Toma ◽  
K. J. Elwood ◽  
D. Dowdell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Environmental Considerations

AbstractThe 2010/2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence resulted in severe loss and disruption in Christchurch, New Zealand due to liquefaction and damage from strong shaking. Following the earthquake, over 60% of concrete buildings with 3 + stories in the Christchurch CBD were demolished, resulting in a widespread displacement of people and business, an excess of $NZD 40 billion in losses, and significant environmental impacts from the demolition. Following the event, it was revealed that environmental impacts were not a direct consideration in demolition decision making. This paper provides a quantitative evaluation of the environmental impacts of the demolitions in Christchurch to highlight the importance of including environmental considerations when deciding between repair or demolition of a damaged building. First, the quantitative and qualitative factors that led to the demolitions following the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence are discussed to provide context for the argument that environmental impacts should be included in such considerations. Next, the environmental impacts of building demolitions in Christchurch are presented in terms of the embodied CO2 and energy in the building materials; the demolition process and waste disposal are not considered in this initial evaluation. Finally, a brief discussion on incorporating environmental impacts into the demolition decision making paradigm is presented. Moreover, consideration of environmental impacts of demolitions supports the need to move toward low-damage design in the future evolution of building codes.

scholarly journals Integrated Seismic and Energy Retrofit Interventions on a URM Masonry Building: The Case Study of the Former Courthouse in Fabriano

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9592
Author(s):  
Amedeo Caprino ◽  
Filippo Lorenzoni ◽  
Laura Carnieletto ◽  
Leonardo Feletto ◽  
Michele De Carli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Retrofit ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks

Following the 2016 central Italy earthquakes, the high seismic vulnerability of existing buildings is once again at the center of the debate. Indeed, the majority of the Italian building stock (around 60%) was built before adopting the first seismic provisions (1974) and in a territory entirely characterized by medium to high levels of seismic hazard. On the other hand, the first provisions addressing thermal performance criteria were introduced in 1976 but with limited impact. A consistent reduction in energy consumption was further achieved in 1991, when even more buildings were erected. As a consequence, the Italian building stock is characterized by reduced seismic capacity and poor energy efficiency and, to optimize the available resources, combined retrofit interventions approaches are required. In this context, a synergic strategy for the seismic and energy retrofit of a unreinforced masonry (URM) building was proposed. The former Courthouse in Fabriano (Ancona, Marche), a strategic, three-story, unreinforced masonry building in the network of permanent monitoring systems of the Italian Department of Civil Protection, was selected as a case study. The overall effectiveness of various solutions of combined structural refurbishment and energy retrofit interventions, having different levels of invasiveness on the building, was assessed. In addition, a common methodology based on the expected annual losses allowed evaluating the financial feasibility of the proposed integrated interventions and estimating the changes in the return of the retrofitting investment in various seismic and climate zones. The results also show how the payback period could be significantly reduced by incentives and regulatory frameworks that currently favour the execution of integrated interventions.

Manajemen Stratejik Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi untuk Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran SMK Ciledug Al Musaddadiyah dan SMKN 1 Garut

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Partono Partono
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
General Description ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
School Learning

So far, in implementing school strategies, they tend not to utilize Information and Communication Technology (ICT), despite the availability of ICT resources available. Stages of strategic management are needed to generate the vision, mission, objectives, policy, program, budget, and procedures as well as control and evaluation process as an effort to utilize ICT to improve school quality. Based on the interpretation and the results of the study, it is concluded that schools have organized stages in strategic management that enable schools to have a quality profile. The impact of effective utilization of ICTs for schools is the achievement of effective school management, as per the National Education Standards, which is characterized by effective planning, implementation, control, and evaluation of school ICTs.The purpose of this study is to get a general description, describe, and reveal the Strategic Management of Information and Communication Technology Utilization to Improve the Quality of School Learning in Ciledug Al Musaddadiyah Vocational High School and Garut 1 Vocational High School, both on environmental analysis, strategic formulation, implementation and strategic evaluation. The research method used in this research is the case study method, because the problems studied occur in the place and situation of Ciledug Al Musaddadiyah Vocational School and Vocational High School 1 Garut. The use of case study models in this study is based on the consideration that to provide an overview of the strategic management activities of the use of ICTs carried out at vocational high schools with the ultimate goal of being able to improve the quality of school learning. Based on observations in the field of SMK 1 Garut and SMK Al Musaddadiyah Ciledug Garut is one of the public schools and private schools that have these advantages.

Solving for Source Parameters Using Nested Array Data: A Case Study from the Canterbury, New Zealand Earthquake Sequence

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrie Neighbors ◽  
E. S. Cochran ◽  
K. J. Ryan ◽  
A. E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Array Data

scholarly journals Stress triggering and the Canterbury earthquake sequence

2013 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Steacy ◽  
Abigail Jiménez ◽  
Caroline Holden
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Stress Triggering ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of a Rural Terraced House: A Struggle with Sustainability of Building Renovations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Karel Struhala ◽  
Milan Ostrý
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Consumption Energy

Contemporary research stresses the need to reduce mankind’s environmental impacts and achieve sustainability. One of the keys to this is the construction sector. New buildings have to comply with strict limits regarding resource consumption (energy, water use, etc.). However, they make up only a fraction of the existing building stock. Renovations of existing buildings are therefore essential for the reduction of the environmental impacts in the construction sector. This paper illustrates the situation using a case study of a rural terraced house in a village near Brno, Czech Republic. It compares the life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the original house and its proposed renovation as well as demolition followed by new construction. The LCA covers both the initial embodied environmental impacts (EEIs) and the 60-year operation of the house with several variants of energy sources. The results show that the proposed renovation would reduce overall environmental impacts (OEIs) of the house by up to 90% and the demolition and new construction by up to 93% depending on the selected energy sources. As such, the results confirm the importance of renovations and the installation of environmentally-friendly energy sources for achieving sustainability in the construction sector. They also show the desirability of the replacement of inefficient old buildings by new construction in specific cases.

scholarly journals Biological Risk in Italian Prisons: From the COVID-19 Management to the Development of a Standardized Model for Emergency Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10353
Author(s):  
Cristiano Franchi ◽  
Ezio Giacalone ◽  
Daniele Di Giovanni ◽  
Stefania Moramarco ◽  
Mariachiara Carestia
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
National Standards ◽  
General Description ◽  
Detention Facility ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Available Information

Within the confinements of critical infrastructures, the COVID-19 pandemic is posing a series of challenges to Health Management. In the spotlight of highly contagious and quick spreading diseases within such enclosed facilities, whether it be a detention facility or otherwise, the health and safety of those living within its internment is paramount. This paper aims to highlight the specific challenges and the possible solutions to counteract this problem, starting from the lessons learnt from the Italian prison system case study. Following the general description of the available resources within the Italian prisons, the study aimed at specifically describing the first counteracting measures deployed by the Italian prison authorities during the first phase of the COVID-19 outbreak (February–July 2020). The aim was to propose an integrated plan capable of responding to a biological threat within the prisons. In particular, the study describes the actions and technical features that, in accordance with national and international legal frameworks and the relevant organisational bodies that run the Italian Prison Service, had been adopted in managing, right from the start, the COVID-19 pandemic until Summer 2020. Available information and data showed the ability of the prison administration to comply almost completely with WHO’s technical and human rights recommendations and also, in successfully handling prison emergencies both in terms of the sick and the deceased in line with the epidemiological framework of the general population. In addition, the paper proposes a draft of guidelines that should involve the National Health Service and the Prison Service that are aimed at supporting the local prison facilities with drawing up their own biological incident contingency plans. An approved, legal, standardised plan could increase the awareness of prison managers. It could even increase their self-confidence, in particular, with regard to cases of dispute and their ability to respond to them. In fact, it is valuable and forward-thinking to be able to demonstrate that every endeavour has been taken and that ‘certified’ best practices have been put in place in accordance with the national standards.

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