The Effects of Earthquake Measurement Concepts and Magnitude Anchoring on Individuals’ Perceptions of Earthquake Risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Celsi ◽  
Mary Wolfinbarger ◽  
David Wald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Anchoring Effect ◽  
Risk Beliefs

The purpose of this research is to explore earthquake risk perceptions in California. Specifically, we examine the risk beliefs, feelings, and experiences of lay, professional, and expert individuals to explore how risk is perceived and how risk perceptions are formed relative to earthquakes. Our results indicate that individuals tend to perceptually underestimate the degree that earthquake (EQ) events may affect them. This occurs in large part because individuals’ personal felt experience of EQ events are generally overestimated relative to experienced magnitudes. An important finding is that individuals engage in a process of “cognitive anchoring” of their felt EQ experience towards the reported earthquake magnitude size. The anchoring effect is moderated by the degree that individuals comprehend EQ magnitude measurement and EQ attenuation. Overall, the results of this research provide us with a deeper understanding of EQ risk perceptions, especially as they relate to individuals’ understanding of EQ measurement and attenuation concepts.

scholarly journals Examining the Effects of Message Framing and Social Norms on Judgments of Earthquake Legislation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lauren Vinnell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

<p>To increase earthquake preparation, it is beneficial to understand the effects of different types of information used in risk communications. This thesis adapts methods that have been used with other hazards or in hypothetical situations and applies them to increasing support for current earthquake-strengthening legislation in Wellington, New Zealand (NZ). Study 1 examined valence and numerical format framing. Expressing the number of buildings affected by the legislation as a negatively-valenced frequency was found to be most effective at increasing earthquake-related judgments¹. Study 2 examined descriptive and injunctive norms and found that a range of subject factors such as age and previous knowledge of the legislation influenced the effects of norms. Study 3 used the same manipulation and included a sample from Palmerston North, where earthquake risk perceptions are lower. This study showed several clear norm effects, with the combination of both descriptive and injunctive norms the most effective at increasing support for the earthquake legislation. All three studies showed that belief in the effectiveness of strengthening earthquake-prone buildings predicted support for the legislation and lower earthquake-risk tolerance, suggesting that this could be a key perception to target in communications. Overall, these studies suggest that certain messages are more effective at increasing support for the governmental legislation, but also that framing and social norm effects on real-world issues interact with other variables such as age and knowledge which ought to be examined further to increase the usefulness of psychological research to risk communication.  ¹ The results of this study have been accepted for publication as a peer-reviewed journal article: Vinnell, L. J., McClure, J., & Milfont, T. L. (in press). Do framing messages increase support for earthquake legislation? Disaster Prevention and Management, 26(1).</p>

Why People Do What They Do to Protect Against Earthquake Risk: Perceptions of Hazard Adjustment Attributes

Risk Analysis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Lindell ◽  
Sudha Arlikatti ◽  
Carla S. Prater
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Earthquake Risk

scholarly journals Seismic Analysis of Moderate Size Earthquakes Recorded on Stations at Close Epicentral Distances

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Cvetan Sinadinovski ◽  
Snježana Markušić ◽  
Davor Stanko ◽  
Kevin F. McCue ◽  
Lazo Pekevski
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Western Balkan Region ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Balkan Region

In this study, we analyzed the near-field seismic records of two moderate sized earthquakes in the Western Balkan region: the September 2016 Skopje earthquake, magnitude ML5.3 and the March 2020 Zagreb earthquake, magnitude ML5.5. Such recordings at close epicentral distances are rare and are thus very useful for testing some of the theoretical assumptions used in modeling earthquake risk. Firstly, response spectra were computed using the digital time histories for the three closest stations to the Skopje 2016 earthquake and the two closest stations to the Zagreb 2020 earthquake. Their characteristics were examined in terms of frequency and peak amplitude ranges. Secondly, the Nakamura method was applied to the records from the selected five stations coded SKO, FCE, IZIIS, QUHS, and QARH. The results of the spectral analysis were compared with interpretations from the geological and geotechnical maps at each location. Our findings support the idea that these combined methods can be used to categorize the underlying structural profile to a first approximation and can be used to derive velocity models.

scholarly journals Results of a Single Arm Pilot Study of a Mobile Messaging Intervention for Hookah Tobacco Cessation in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2091520
Author(s):  
Darren Mays ◽  
Lilianna Phan ◽  
Andrea C Johnson ◽  
Kenneth P Tercyak ◽  
Kylie Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Risk Beliefs ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Risk Appraisals

Background: Hookah tobacco use is common among young adults. Unlike cigarette smoking, there is limited evidence on mobile (ie, mHealth) interventions to promote cessation. Objectives: This pilot study tested the preliminary effects of mobile messaging for cessation in young adult hookah smokers. Methods: Young adults (N = 20) aged 18 to 30 years who smoke hookah at least monthly and have done so at least once in the past 30 days received a 6-week mHealth multimedia messaging (text and images) intervention. Message scheduling (2 days/week × 6 weeks) was based on the literature. Content was developed iteratively by the study team and focused on health harms and addictiveness of hookah. Content was individually tailored by baseline hookah use frequency, risk beliefs, and responses to interactive text messages assessing participants’ hookah tobacco use behavior and beliefs to maximize impact. Engagement was assessed during the intervention, and we examined effects on risk perceptions, risk beliefs, and risk appraisals, motivation to quit, and behavior change immediately post-intervention. Results: Participants responded to 11.5 (SD = 0.69) of 12 text message prompts on average, endorsed high message receptivity (M = 6.1, SD = 0.93, range = 1-7), and reported the messages were helpful (M = 8.5, SD = 1.5, range = 1-10). There were significant ( P < .05) increases in risk perceptions (d’s = 0.22-0.88), risk appraisals (d = 0.49), risk beliefs (d = 1.11), and motivation to quit (d = 0.97) post-intervention. Half of participants reported reducing frequency of hookah use (20%) or quitting completely (30%) by end of treatment. Conclusions: These pilot results provide preliminary support for an mHealth messaging intervention about risks of hookah tobacco for promoting cessation. Rigorously examining the efficacy of this promising intervention is warranted.

Real estate advertising campaigns in the context of natural hazards

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yin ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Lifang Huang ◽  
Jinxiu Wang ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Print Advertisements ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Advertising ◽  
Post Disaster

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how advertising is used by real estate companies as an instrument for managing the adverse effects of a catastrophe.Design/methodology/approachThrough a theoretical analysis, types of post-disaster advertising messages were identified. On the basis of the likely variations in post-disaster advertising, a content analysis was conducted of a sample of 4,150 property print advertisements to identify advertising messages related to the earthquake. Finally, the message changes in these earthquake-related advertisements were evaluated and compared with the dimension of time to explore the development of advertising strategies.FindingsThe authors found that 12 types of advertising messages were used by developers in response to the Wenchuan earthquake. The initial advertising strategy was mainly to manage public relations, then the strategy was to reduce or compensate for the increased earthquake risk perceptions of buyers.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable references for helping enterprises adopt effective advertising messages and strategies to reduce the negative effects of disasters.Originality/valueThere are only a few studies on advertising campaigns, especially in the real estate industry, that have been conducted in the wake of catastrophes. This study sought to expand upon the scarce findings in this particular field.

scholarly journals Hazard Perception and Disaster Information of Turkish Secondary School Students*

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Ilyas Kara ◽  
Nevin Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
School Students ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Disaster Knowledge ◽  
Hazard Awareness

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the levels of hazard awareness, risk perceptions, the knowledge of response-related protective behavior, and disaster knowledge within the framework of secondary school curriculum in Turkey. A questionnaire examining various measures including hazard awareness, risk perceptions, and general disaster knowledge test was answered by 8th-grade students of schools in Erbaa, Niksar, and Taşova located in North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey. The data from a total of 654 surveys were analyzed utilizing chi-squared, t-test, and ANOVA.The research findings proved that students' disaster awareness and risk perceptions about the environment in which they live are quite realistic. The high levels of earthquake risk perception and fear were related to the fact that they live in settlements located in NAFZ with the highest level of earthquake risk in Turkey. However, research findings proved that most of the students had a fairly low level of knowledge of response-related protective behaviors, and significant differences were found in the context of schools and settlements. Key words: 8th-grade students, risk assessment, hazard education, disaster education, Turkey

scholarly journals Examining the Effects of Message Framing and Social Norms on Judgments of Earthquake Legislation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lauren Vinnell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

<p>To increase earthquake preparation, it is beneficial to understand the effects of different types of information used in risk communications. This thesis adapts methods that have been used with other hazards or in hypothetical situations and applies them to increasing support for current earthquake-strengthening legislation in Wellington, New Zealand (NZ). Study 1 examined valence and numerical format framing. Expressing the number of buildings affected by the legislation as a negatively-valenced frequency was found to be most effective at increasing earthquake-related judgments¹. Study 2 examined descriptive and injunctive norms and found that a range of subject factors such as age and previous knowledge of the legislation influenced the effects of norms. Study 3 used the same manipulation and included a sample from Palmerston North, where earthquake risk perceptions are lower. This study showed several clear norm effects, with the combination of both descriptive and injunctive norms the most effective at increasing support for the earthquake legislation. All three studies showed that belief in the effectiveness of strengthening earthquake-prone buildings predicted support for the legislation and lower earthquake-risk tolerance, suggesting that this could be a key perception to target in communications. Overall, these studies suggest that certain messages are more effective at increasing support for the governmental legislation, but also that framing and social norm effects on real-world issues interact with other variables such as age and knowledge which ought to be examined further to increase the usefulness of psychological research to risk communication.  ¹ The results of this study have been accepted for publication as a peer-reviewed journal article: Vinnell, L. J., McClure, J., & Milfont, T. L. (in press). Do framing messages increase support for earthquake legislation? Disaster Prevention and Management, 26(1).</p>

Structural analysis of how place attachment and risk perceptions affect the willingness to live in an earthquake-prone area

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-573
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Risk Areas

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of place attachment and risk perception with bounded rationality on the willingness to live in a high-earthquake-risk area. Design/methodology/approach The study establishes a hypothetical model on the basis of the theory of planned behavior, place attachment and risk perception. A structural equation model (SEM) measures the relationships between the variables. Findings Place attachment affects individuals and their preferences; it makes them willing to continue living in high-earthquake-risk areas. Additionally, risk perception with bounded rationality (fatalism and optimism bias) might make people believe there is only a slight risk of physical injury or property damage. The overall findings moderately suggest that land-use regulations along fault zone areas are not necessarily driving households away, and such allowance of residential use in the current zoning regulation might mislead people that it is a safe area. Research limitations/implications This study uses questionnaires in fault zone-regulated areas where only the fault line has zoning regulations. In addition, the application of SEM has to build upon theory and further examine both direct and indirect effects. The assessment criteria of the model might be limited by the sample amount, causing certain model-fitting results, which are not that significant. The overall findings might be limited by the geographical location and cannot be generalized to other areas in Taiwan. Practical implications A more thorough assessment of land-use planning in earthquake-risk areas should consider households’ risk perceptions and adaptation behaviors. Originality/value Land-use regulations along fault zone areas might reveal earthquake risk in such areas or mislead people that it is a safe area. Place attachment and risk perceptions might affect individuals’ judgments of whether such risk exists or not. The results could be referred to disaster management in high-earthquake-risk areas.

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