scholarly journals Examining the Effects of Message Framing and Social Norms on Judgments of Earthquake Legislation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lauren Vinnell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

<p>To increase earthquake preparation, it is beneficial to understand the effects of different types of information used in risk communications. This thesis adapts methods that have been used with other hazards or in hypothetical situations and applies them to increasing support for current earthquake-strengthening legislation in Wellington, New Zealand (NZ). Study 1 examined valence and numerical format framing. Expressing the number of buildings affected by the legislation as a negatively-valenced frequency was found to be most effective at increasing earthquake-related judgments¹. Study 2 examined descriptive and injunctive norms and found that a range of subject factors such as age and previous knowledge of the legislation influenced the effects of norms. Study 3 used the same manipulation and included a sample from Palmerston North, where earthquake risk perceptions are lower. This study showed several clear norm effects, with the combination of both descriptive and injunctive norms the most effective at increasing support for the earthquake legislation. All three studies showed that belief in the effectiveness of strengthening earthquake-prone buildings predicted support for the legislation and lower earthquake-risk tolerance, suggesting that this could be a key perception to target in communications. Overall, these studies suggest that certain messages are more effective at increasing support for the governmental legislation, but also that framing and social norm effects on real-world issues interact with other variables such as age and knowledge which ought to be examined further to increase the usefulness of psychological research to risk communication.  ¹ The results of this study have been accepted for publication as a peer-reviewed journal article: Vinnell, L. J., McClure, J., & Milfont, T. L. (in press). Do framing messages increase support for earthquake legislation? Disaster Prevention and Management, 26(1).</p>

scholarly journals Examining the Effects of Message Framing and Social Norms on Judgments of Earthquake Legislation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lauren Vinnell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

<p>To increase earthquake preparation, it is beneficial to understand the effects of different types of information used in risk communications. This thesis adapts methods that have been used with other hazards or in hypothetical situations and applies them to increasing support for current earthquake-strengthening legislation in Wellington, New Zealand (NZ). Study 1 examined valence and numerical format framing. Expressing the number of buildings affected by the legislation as a negatively-valenced frequency was found to be most effective at increasing earthquake-related judgments¹. Study 2 examined descriptive and injunctive norms and found that a range of subject factors such as age and previous knowledge of the legislation influenced the effects of norms. Study 3 used the same manipulation and included a sample from Palmerston North, where earthquake risk perceptions are lower. This study showed several clear norm effects, with the combination of both descriptive and injunctive norms the most effective at increasing support for the earthquake legislation. All three studies showed that belief in the effectiveness of strengthening earthquake-prone buildings predicted support for the legislation and lower earthquake-risk tolerance, suggesting that this could be a key perception to target in communications. Overall, these studies suggest that certain messages are more effective at increasing support for the governmental legislation, but also that framing and social norm effects on real-world issues interact with other variables such as age and knowledge which ought to be examined further to increase the usefulness of psychological research to risk communication.  ¹ The results of this study have been accepted for publication as a peer-reviewed journal article: Vinnell, L. J., McClure, J., & Milfont, T. L. (in press). Do framing messages increase support for earthquake legislation? Disaster Prevention and Management, 26(1).</p>

scholarly journals How message framing affects consumer attitudes in food crises

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 2200-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Wayne Mitchell ◽  
Cathy Bakewell ◽  
Paul Jackson ◽  
Claire Heslin
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between consumer risk perceptions and behaviour when information about food risks is framed in a positive or negative way. Design/methodology/approach – Using food consumption scenarios in an on-line experiment consumers perceived risk and risk tolerance is examined when messages are framed in three different news-type stories. Findings – As anticipated, message framing emerged as a significant predictor of perceived risk and the higher an individual’s self-reported tolerance of risk, the more risk they were willing to accept. Research limitations/implications – The use of hypothetical scenarios and relatively small convenience sample size could be improved by further research. Practical implications – Through simple adjustments to wording, food crises of confidence may be reduced and the implications for communication management strategies are discussed. Originality/value – Originality stems from being one of the first papers to use Framing and Prospect Theory in a food crisis situation, in which both risk and framing are operationalised in different ways and the risk was not specified by the researcher. Also, unlike previous research identical numerical facts were framed in a positive, negative or neutral light by changing the wording.

scholarly journals Foreign-Looking Native-Accented People: More Competent When First Seen Rather Than Heard

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1001-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Hansen ◽  
Tamara Rakić ◽  
Melanie C. Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Psychological research has neglected people whose accent does not match their appearance. Most research on person perception has focused on appearance, overlooking accents that are equally important social cues. If accents were studied, it was often done in isolation (i.e., detached from appearance). We examine how varying accent and appearance information about people affects evaluations. We show that evaluations of expectancy-violating people shift in the direction of the added information. When a job candidate looked foreign, but later spoke with a native accent, his evaluations rose and he was evaluated best of all candidates (Experiment 1a). However, the sequence in which information was presented mattered: When heard first and then seen, his evaluations dropped (Experiment 1b). Findings demonstrate the importance of studying the combination and sequence of different types of information in impression formation. They also allow predicting reactions to ethnically mixed people, who are increasingly present in modern societies.

Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Shaw ◽  
Zhisen Urgolites ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

scholarly journals About the Acceptance of Wearing Face Masks in Times of a Pandemic

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110211
Author(s):  
Claus-Christian Carbon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Participants

Wearing face masks in times of COVID-19 is one of the essential keystones for effectively decreasing the rate of new infections and thus for mitigating the negative consequences for individuals as well as for society. Acceptance of wearing masks is still low in many countries, making it extremely difficult to keep the pandemic at bay. In an experimental study, participants ( N = 88) had to assess how strange they felt when wearing a face mask while being exposed to displays of groups of varying numbers of mask wearers. Three different types of face masks were shown: simple homemade masks, FFP2 masks, and loop scarfs. The higher the frequency of people wearing masks in the displayed social group, the less strange the participants felt about themselves, an essential precondition for accepting wearing masks. This effect of a descriptive social norm was particularly effective when people saw others wearing less intrusive masks, here, simple homemade masks.

scholarly journals How the Multiplicity of Suggested Information Affects the Behavior of a User in a Recommender System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Yuseok Ban ◽  
Kyungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Recommender System ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Many researchers have suggested improving the retention of a user in the digital platform using a recommender system. Recent studies show that there are many potential ways to assist users to find interesting items, other than high-precision rating predictions. In this paper, we study how the diverse types of information suggested to a user can influence their behavior. The types have been divided into visual information, evaluative information, categorial information, and narrational information. Based on our experimental results, we analyze how different types of supplementary information affect the performance of a recommender in terms of encouraging users to click more items or spend more time in the digital platform.

scholarly journals The Effects of Task Complexity on the Use of Different Types of Information in a Search Assistance Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogeum Choi ◽  
Austin Ward ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Jaime Arguello ◽  
Robert Capra
Keyword(s):  
Task Complexity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Assistance Tool

scholarly journals Communicating earthquake risk: mapped parameters and cartographic representation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gaspar-Escribano ◽  
T. Iturrioz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Graphical Representations ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Earthquake Risk Assessment

Abstract. Earthquake risk assessment is probably the most effective tool for reducing adverse earthquake effects and for developing pre- and post-event planning actions. The related risk information (data and results) is of interest for persons with different backgrounds and interests, including scientists, emergency planners, decision makers and other stakeholders. Hence, it is important to ensure that this information is properly transferred to all persons involved in seismic risk, considering the nature of the information and the particular circumstances of the source and of the receiver of the information. Some experience-based recommendations about the parameters and the graphical representations that can be used to portray earthquake risk information to different types of audiences are presented in this work.

Information Traffic and Information Effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bixia Xu ◽  
Zhulin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Investor Attention ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Search engines are among the most important information technology (IT) applications and platforms on which to conduct information search. This study contributes by investigating whether and how the search engine-enabled information search is related to accounting information effectiveness. We develop the concept of information traffic to conceptualize investor IT-enabled information search activities and to explore whether the searches captured by this concept provide any insights for understanding and enhancing accounting information effectiveness. Building upon the input-process-output model (Maines and McDaniel 2000) and with a sample of 59 accounting information items, we report that information items with higher information traffic have greater ability to explain and predict firm market value (i.e., higher information effectiveness). The impact of information traffic on information effectiveness is higher for economic upturns than for economic downturns and differs among different types of information. We propose a conceptual measure that integrates both information traffic and information effectiveness to capture information relative importance and to suggest empirically an order in importance of the ten types of information we investigate. Our dynamic analysis of information traffic reveals a significant increase of investor IT-enabled information search in the post-financial-crisis period. It also shows higher search increases for accounting items that received previously scant investor attention.

On the development of the two visual systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
John van der Kamp ◽  
Geert J. P. Savelsbergh
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
Two Visual Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Norman's reconciliation of the two theories of perception is challenged because it directly leads to the nature-nurture dichotomy in the development of the two visual systems. In contrast, the proposition of a separate development of the two visual systems may be better understood as involving different types of information that follow a distinct temporal sequence.

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