Risk-Based Seismic Design for Optimal Structural and Nonstructural System Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo A. Rojas ◽  
Christopher Foley ◽  
Shahram Pezeshk
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Steel Framing ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Subsequent Comparison ◽  
Hazard Levels

An automated performance-based design methodology to optimize structural and nonstructural system performance is outlined and it is shown that it can be used to enhance understanding of structural steel system design for minimum life-cycle costs. Performance is assessed using loss probability with direct economic loss expressed as a percentage of the building replacement cost. Time-based performance assessment is used to compute the expected annual loss of a given steel framing system assuming exposure to three seismic hazard levels. Damage to the structural system, nonstructural displacement-sensitive components, and nonstructural acceleration-sensitive components is characterized using fragility functions. A steel building with three-story, four-bay topology taken from the literature is used to demonstrate application of the algorithm with subsequent comparison of designs obtained using the proposed methodology and others found in the literature.

scholarly journals Assessment of the ripple effects and spatial heterogeneity of total losses in the capital of China after a great catastrophic shock

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengtao Zhang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jieling Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Ripple Effects ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Indirect Economic Loss ◽  
Development Levels

Abstract. The total losses caused by natural disasters have spatial heterogeneity due to the different economic development levels inside the disaster-hit areas. This paper uses scenarios of direct economic loss to introduce the sectors' losses caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (2008 WCE) in Beijing, utilizing the Adaptive Regional Input–Output (ARIO) model and the Inter-regional ripple effect (IRRE) model. The purpose is to assess the ripple effects of indirect economic loss and spatial heterogeneity of both direct and indirect economic loss at the scale of the smallest administrative divisions of China (streets, villages, and towns). The results indicate that the district of Beijing with the most severe indirect economic loss is the Chaoyang District; the finance and insurance industry (15, see Table 1) of Chaowai Street suffers the most in the Chaoyang District, which is 1.46 times that of its direct economic loss. During 2008–2014, the average annual GDP (gross domestic product) growth rate of Beijing was decreased 3.63 % by the catastrophe. Compared with the 8 % of GDP growth rate target, the decreasing GDP growth rate is a significant and noticeable economic impact, and it can be efficiently mitigated by increasing rescue effort and by supporting the industries which are located in the seriously damaged regions.

Optimal Performance-Based Seismic Design

2012 ◽  
pp. 174-207
Author(s):  
Hamid Moharrami
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Real Performance ◽  
Performance Based Seismic Design

In this chapter, the reader gets acquainted with the philosophy of performance-based design, its principles, and an overview of the procedures for performance evaluation of structures. The essential prerequisites of optimal performance-based design, including nonlinear analysis, optimization algorithms, and nonlinear sensitivity analysis, are introduced. The methods of nonlinear analysis and optimization are briefly presented, and the formulation of optimal performance-based design with emphasis on deterministic type, rather than probabilistic- (or reliability)-based formulation is discussed in detail. It is revealed how real performance-based design is tied to optimization, and the reason is given for why, without optimization algorithms, multilevel performance-based design is almost impossible.

Tourists “stealing” stuff

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662096098
Author(s):  
Stephen Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Tourist Behavior ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Relationship

Hotel guests are sometimes confused as to what they can take from their hotel room. Passengers are sometimes confused as to what they can take from their flight. When passengers take a flight and hotel guests pay for a room, what items are they entitled to? It is not so clear. This research explores this issue. The economic value of these items can be quite prohibitive and represents a direct economic loss to these tourism businesses. The focus of previous research on theft in the tourism and hospitality industry focuses on tourists being robbed or employees stealing from their employers. This research assesses the self-reported incidence of tourists taking items from hotels and airlines and investigates the relationship between tourists taking both free and not-complimentary items and self-reported ethical tourist behavior. Further, we segment and profile the types of tourists who take items from hotels and airlines. We achieve these research objectives by undertaking a quantitative survey through 538 completed questionnaires captured via an in-person intercept method in commonly frequented tourist hot spots in Hong Kong. The incidence of theft is relatively high for some items, but tourists generally know which items they are entitled to and which they are not. There are three segments of tourists in terms of their self-reported behavior of taking items from hotel rooms and off flights: Honest, Impulsive, and Habituals.

scholarly journals Importance of Contract Administration for Timely Construction of Hydropower Projects without Disputes

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Prasad Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Contract Administration ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Interest Costs

Most of the large hydropower projects in the region have been behind schedule than agreed in the contracts. Such delays besides project cost overrun cause direct economic loss to the countries in the form of interest costs, loss of energy revenues and loss in industrial production due to shortage of power. With delays, the Contractor finds ways for claim for additional time and cost. Such a situation may be the result of poor contract administration & management skills. Therefore, a fair and just administration of the contract is key to the successful performance of the contract on time, with respect to both budget and quality with minimum dispute events.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v14i0.11265HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 14, 2014, JanuaryPage: 49-51

Estimation of direct economic loss related to rotavirus infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Mikheeva ◽  
◽  
M.A. Mikheeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Direct Economic Loss

Research on Processing Method of Water Pollution Accident

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1964-1968
Author(s):  
Chun Ling Xiao ◽  
Yun Zhong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Symptom Recognition ◽  
Direct Economic Loss

Crops are the main victims of the accident of water pollution. The paper will discuss treatment program,investigation, crop damage symptom recognition, direct economic loss estimation of water pollution, confirmation, accident responsibility partition and arbitration of such links. It will provide principles for the other accidents. Besides, it can also be used as a handling reference to other issues of pollution and pollution accident.

Talk about Structural Design of High-Rise Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 2632-2635
Author(s):  
Xu Ping Zhu ◽  
Ju Wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Structural System ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Basic Characteristics

with the fast development of Chinese economy, the number of high-rise buildings has climbed rapidly and created major impacts consequently. In consideration of this, it is necessary to discuss the structural design of high-rise buildings as an important issue. In this article, the author analyzes the basic characteristics and main steps of high-rise building's structural design, and elaborates his own understanding of type selection and seismic design thereof. As high-rise buildings in China are increased at geometric rate, their types and functions have become increasingly complicated, and their structural system more diversified. In this process of fast growth, any omission or mistake is very likely to make the entire design more complicated or unsafe. Therefore, structural design of high-rise buildings is a lasting and complicated process, and also the focus and difficulty in architect's design. The author will hereby elaborate his thoughts on the structural design of high-rise buildings.

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