scholarly journals A review of phosphatidate phosphatase assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1564
Author(s):  
Prabuddha Dey ◽  
Gil-Soo Han ◽  
George M. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Phosphatidate Phosphatase ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) catalyzes the penultimate step in the synthesis of triacylglycerol and regulates the synthesis of membrane phospholipids. There is much interest in this enzyme because it controls the cellular levels of its substrate, phosphatidate (PA), and product, DAG; defects in the metabolism of these lipid intermediates are the basis for lipid-based diseases such as obesity, lipodystrophy, and inflammation. The measurement of PAP activity is required for studies aimed at understanding its mechanisms of action, how it is regulated, and for screening its activators and/or inhibitors. Enzyme activity is determined through the use of radioactive and nonradioactive assays that measure the product, DAG, or Pi. However, sensitivity and ease of use are variable across these methods. This review summarizes approaches to synthesize radioactive PA, to analyze radioactive and nonradioactive products, DAG and Pi, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each PAP assay.

scholarly journals Modern concepts of conversion and storage of energy by dispersed materials absorption

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Dragica Minic-Popovic ◽  
M.V. Susic
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Glass Microsphere ◽  
Carbon Clusters ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
And Storage

Once hydrogen is generated, the question asked: How do we store hydrogen? Hydrogen can be stored in a variety of ways, each with specific advantages and disadvantages. The overall criteria for choosing a storage method should be safety and ease of use. Described in this paper and listed below are different storage methods available today (compressed hydrogen, liquid carrier storage, glass microsphere, chemically stored hydrogen) in addition to some techniques that are still in the research and development stage: power balls, metal hydride tanks and carbon clusters.

High-Definition 3-D Exoscope for Micro-Laryngeal Surgery: A Preliminary Clinical Experience in 41 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110637
Author(s):  
Armando De Virgilio ◽  
Andrea Costantino ◽  
Giuseppe Mercante ◽  
Fabio Ferreli ◽  
Phil Yiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
Scrub Nurse ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Laryngeal Surgery ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Individual

Objective: The aim of this prospective clinical study is to evaluate the feasibility of the micro-laryngeal surgery (MLS) using a 3D operating exoscope (OE) in substitution to a conventional operating microscope (OM). Methods: A total of 41 consecutive patients were included (male: 26; median age: 55.0 years; IQR: 46.0-68.0). After each procedure, the surgeon and the scrub nurse were asked to fill out a tailored questionnaire on a 3-point Likert scale (1—not acceptable, 2—acceptable, 3—good) including 12 items. Results: The majority of the procedures were therapeutic (n = 31, 75.6%), while the remaining were diagnostic (n = 10, 24.4%). All surgeries were successfully completed without the support of the OM, and no complications or unwanted delays were detected. The majority of the individual items were judged “good” either by surgeons (n = 399, 81.1%) and scrub nurses (n = 287, 87.5%). The natural posture during the procedure, and the ease of use the joystick and focusing were the best-rated items by the surgeons. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of MLS using the OE. Further comparative clinical studies are needed to clarify its real value in substitution to a conventional operating microscope and to better define advantages and disadvantages.

Overview of Predictive Modeling Approaches in Health Care Data Mining

2016 ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Soni
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Predictive Data Mining

Medical data mining has great potential for exploring the hidden pattern in the data sets of the medical domain. A predictive modeling approach of Data Mining has been systematically applied for the prognosis, diagnosis, and planning for treatment of chronic disease. For example, a classification system can assist the physician to predict if the patient is likely to have a certain disease, or by considering the output of the classification model, the physician can make a better decision on the treatment to be applied to the patient. Once the model is evaluated and verified, it may be embedded within clinical information systems. The objective of this chapter is to extensively study the various predictive data mining methods to evaluate their usage in terms of accuracy, computational time, comprehensibility of the results, ease of use of the algorithm, and advantages and disadvantages to relatively naive medical users. The research has shown that there is not a single best prediction tool, but instead, the best performing algorithm will depend on the features of the dataset to be analyzed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Usability between Gear Shifters with Varied Visual and Haptic Patterns and Complexities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sanna Lohilahti Bladfält ◽  
Camilla Grane ◽  
Peter Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complexity Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Haptic Patterns

Shift-by-wire technology enables more options concerning the design, placement and functions of gear shifters compared to traditional gear shifters with manual transmission. These variations can impact usability and driver performance. There is a lack of research regarding the potential advantages and disadvantages of different types of gear shifters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency and subjective ease-of-use of mono- and polystable joystick gear shifter types at different complexity levels and with full or limited visibility. An experimental study with 36 participants was conducted. The results showed that monostable joysticks, especially those with an I/J-shape, were overall less efficient and easy to use than polystable joysticks. The highest complexity level clearly affected the efficiency for the monostable joystick with an I/J-shape (mono I/J) compared with the other gear shifter types. The monostable joystick with an I/J-shape (mono I/J) was also most affected by reduced visibility at the highest level of complexity, indicating that it was more prone to causing users to take their eyes off the road.

Superior Hypogastric Block and Neurolysis: Fluoroscopy, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent H. Nouri ◽  
Billy K. Huh
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Anterior Approach ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Target Structure ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ultrasound Computed Tomography

The superior hypogastric block (SHB) is an effective treatment for chronic or cancer-related pelvic pain. The CT-guided block offers the advantage of being able to visualize the target structure, soft tissue, disc, and bony structures to minimize complications. But CT has its own limitations such as being unable to visualize the needle at off angle, higher level of exposure to ionizing radiation, and longer procedure time compared to the fluoroscopy-guided procedure. Several variations to CT-guided techniques have been published. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, but depending on the anatomical variations in spinal structure, any one of the techniques may be used. Fluoroscopy is used in the majority of superior hypogastric blocks because of the ease of use, availability, and quicker procedure times. The anterior approach to SHB using ultrasound guidance is useful technique in relieving pelvic pain in gynecological malignancies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Commonly Used Algorithms for Thyroid Ultrasound Images Segmentation and Improvement Using Machine Learning Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabal Poudel ◽  
Alfredo Illanes ◽  
Debdoot Sheet ◽  
Michael Friebe
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Active Contours ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Thyroid State ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body, which is involved in several body mechanisms like controlling protein synthesis and the body's sensitivity to other hormones and use of energy sources. Hence, it is of prime importance to track the shape and size of thyroid over time in order to evaluate its state. Thyroid segmentation and volume computation are important tools that can be used for thyroid state tracking assessment. Most of the proposed approaches are not automatic and require long time to correctly segment the thyroid. In this work, we compare three different nonautomatic segmentation algorithms (i.e., active contours without edges, graph cut, and pixel-based classifier) in freehand three-dimensional ultrasound imaging in terms of accuracy, robustness, ease of use, level of human interaction required, and computation time. We figured out that these methods lack automation and machine intelligence and are not highly accurate. Hence, we implemented two machine learning approaches (i.e., random forest and convolutional neural network) to improve the accuracy of segmentation as well as provide automation. This comparative study intends to discuss and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms. In the last step, the volume of the thyroid is computed using the segmentation results, and the performance analysis of all the algorithms is carried out by comparing the segmentation results with the ground truth.

E-Learning System's Acceptance

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Abu-Shanab
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
E Learning

The major limitation for adopting e-learning systems is students and teachers perceptions of such applications. EduWave is a system implemented in Jordan, to be used by teachers, students and other stakeholders in public schools in the country. This study tried to contrast the perceptions of students and teachers and conclude to future agenda for improving the success chances of such systems. The research utilized results from two empirical studies, with 2 surveys applied to both teachers and students to probe their opinions regarding the obstacles facing EduWave utilization, the advantages and disadvantages of the system, the functionalities used, and the factors influencing the adoption. Results supported the original Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), with significant prediction of intentions to use EduWave through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use for both teachers and students. Also, teachers and students results did not support the role of trust in the process. Conclusions and future work are stated at the end.

scholarly journals Resilient Custody of Crypto-Assets, and Threshold Multisignatures

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Di Nicola ◽  
Riccardo Longo ◽  
Federico Mazzone ◽  
Gaetano Russo
Keyword(s):  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Secure Multiparty Computation ◽  
Multiparty Computation ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Ensuring safe custody of crypto-assets, while at the same time allowing a user to easily access and transfer them, is one of the biggest challenges of this nascent industry. This is even harder considering also the multiple technological implementations behind each crypto-asset. Here we present a survey of the various solutions for this custody problem, comparing advantages and disadvantages. Then we delve deeper into some interesting schemes based on secure multiparty computation, which give a blockchain-agnostic solution that balances security, safety, and transactional ease of use, and in particular, a protocol that enhances practicality by exploiting a party that may stay offline during the key generation.

Biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of dihydroxyphenyialanine – 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase in brain, liver, and adrenals of cat

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Bouchard ◽  
Andrée G. Roberge
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of nonpurified dihydroxyphenylaianine –5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase extracted from brain and two peripheral organs, liver and adrenals, were studied in the cat. This study shows that decarboxylase activity in brain is lower than in peripheral organs and that 5-hydroxytryptophan can be decarboxylated without exogenous addition of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP). However, the addition of PLP substantially increases the enzyme activity. Excess of coenzyme (>60 μM) induces inhibition in adrenals and liver but not in the central nervous system (CNS). The observed inhibition might be related to the presence of a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative formed in the medium. Differentiation between mechanisms of action of decarboxylase in the CNS and peripheral organs is suggested.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF FINANCIAL RELIABILITY OF THE INSURANCE COMPANY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Інна Кисільова ◽  
Артем Величко
Keyword(s):  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Indirect Influence ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
Comprehensive Indicator

The article considers the assessment of the financial reliability of the insurance organization. It is shown that the financial reliability of the insurance organization is a comprehensive indicator and depends on a number of factors. The classification of financial reliability factors on the basis of the possibility of management and depending on direct and indirect influence is considered. Approaches to assessing the financial reliability of an insurance organization, which use both single indicators and scorecards, are considered, their advantages and disadvantages are determined. It is shown that the advantage of using integrated indicators is the ease of use and the ability to take into account various factors. To assess the financial reliability of the insurance organization, the use of the Harrington model is recommended and a list of model factors is defined.

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