scholarly journals Radiation Sciences Education in Africa: An Assessment of Current Training Practices and Evaluation of a High-Yield Course in Radiation Biology and Radiation Physics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1631-1638
Author(s):  
Shane R. Stecklein ◽  
Cullen M. Taniguchi ◽  
Adam D. Melancon ◽  
Dorothy Lombe ◽  
Kennedy Lishimpi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Radiation Biology ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Radiation Physics ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Educational Course ◽  
Education In Africa

PURPOSE Formal education in the radiation sciences is critical for the safe and effective delivery of radiotherapy. Practices and patterns of radiation sciences education and trainee performance in the radiation sciences are poorly described. This study assesses the current state of radiation sciences education in Africa and evaluates a high-yield, on-site educational program in radiation biology and radiation physics for oncology and radiation therapy trainees in Africa. METHODS An anonymous survey was distributed to members of the African Organization for Research and Treatment in Cancer Training Interest Group to assess current attitudes and practices toward radiation sciences education. A 2-week, on-site educational course in radiation biology and radiation physics was conducted at the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Pre- and postcourse assessments in both disciplines were administered to gauge the effectiveness of an intensive high-yield course in the radiation sciences. RESULTS Significant deficiencies were identified in radiation sciences education, especially in radiation biology. Lack of expert instructors in radiation biology was reported by half of all respondents and was the major contributing factor to deficient education in the radiation sciences. The educational course resulted in marked improvements in radiation biology assessment scores (median pre- and posttest scores, 27% and 55%, respectively; P < .0001) and radiation physics assessment scores (median pre- and posttest scores, 30% and 57.5%, respectively; P < .0001). CONCLUSION Radiation sciences education in African oncology training programs is inadequate. International collaboration between expert radiation biology and radiation physics instructors can address this educational deficiency and improve trainee competence in the foundational radiation sciences that is critical for the safe and effective delivery of radiotherapy.

Malaria Prevention and Mothers: Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif Elmosaad ◽  
Ahmed Al Rajeh ◽  
Asif khan ◽  
Elfatih Malik ◽  
Ilias Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Positive Attitudes

This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in malaria prevention using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) among mothers of children under five years of age in White Nile State, Sudan. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select 761 mothers for this cross-sectional survey. There were gaps in the KAP in malaria prevention. Only 46.3% of the mothers stated personal protective measures (PPMs) as the best malaria prevention strategy; 54.9% considered ITNs as an effective means; and only 18.7% reported sleeping under an ITN every day. Older mothers were less likely to have good knowledge (OR=0.96), attitudes (OR=0.98) and practices (OR=0.98). Having a Government employee as the head of the household was positively associated with knowledge (OR=2.16) and attitudes (OR=1.96). The mother having a formal education was also positively associated with good knowledge (OR=1.55) and positive attitudes (OR=1.69). Mothers with a monthly household income of <491 Sudanese Pound were more likely to have good knowledge (OR=1.43). Mothers who had good knowledge (OR=4.99) and positive attitudes towards PPMs (OR=2.60) in malaria prevention were found to be more likely to practice preventive measures. Therefore, we recommend focusing on raising mothers’ awareness of the different preventive activities to protect them and their family from malaria.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN LINGUO-FOLKLORE STUDIES: THEIR HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, AND PERSPECTIVES

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 320 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
N. O.  DANYLІUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Object A ◽  
Current State ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Educational Course

The article is devoted to the evolution, present state and perspectives of development of the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies that are conducted by Sv. Yеrmolenko, N. Zhuravliova, A. Moisiienko, T. Betsenko, Y. Diadyshcheva-Rosovetska, N. Kolesnyk, R. Serdeha and others. The main aspects of the analysis of the language of the Ukrainian folk poetic texts of the period from the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century were considered. They are historical linguistic, linguo-stylistic, linguo-didactic, linguo-cultural, ethnolinguistic, linguo-conceptual, linguo-semiotic. Two stages in the development of linguo-folklore studies were distinguished: 1) 60s — 80s of the 20th c., and 2) 90s of the 20th c. — the early 21st c. It was pointed out that the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies had already evolved into a separate branch of philology and an educational course with its own object (a linguostructural, artistic-figurative organization of folkloristic texts of various genres, peculiar features of a folkloristic style formation), and subject of research, tasks and trends. There were mentioned the present day approaches to the analysis of folk poetic texts, being based on the language layers (folklore stylistics of language units), language expressive means (folklore stylistics of language expressive means), genres (folklore stylistics of genres) and separate parts of linguistics. The following perspectives of the linguo-folklore studies were defined: the analysis of understudied language units and figurative means, used in the texts of various genres (not only the traditional but new ones as well), development of a folklore lexicography, folklore dialectology, folklore linguo-cognitology, folklore linguosemiotics, folklore communication, linguo-genderology, contrastive linguo-folklore studies, and other trends, as well as a wider application of modern systems of an automatic analysis of texts, dictionaries’ compilation, and data creation.

scholarly journals Language Learning and Childcare Choice in Wales

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-77
Author(s):  
David J. Dallimore ◽  
Lowri Cunnington-Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Education And Care

While there is increasing evidence that children who learn Welsh before they start formal education have higher levels of fluency, few parents choose Welsh-medium or bilingual early childhood education and care. This paper reports on the findings and policy implications of a mixed-method study that examined Welsh parents' childcare choices and asked to what extent those choices are influenced by language. Using Bourdieusian theory it was found that attitudes and practices within the childcare field differ according to parents' habitus and perceived capital value of the Welsh language. Where Welsh is widely spoken, both Welshand non-Welsh-speaking parents chose Welsh-medium early childhood services intuitively and in recognition of the extent to which bilingualism forms valuable social and cultural capital that is convertible to future economic capital. In non-Welsh-speaking areas, without such intuition or recognition of the transferable value of language as redeemable capital, parents did not form the habitus that might dispose them to choose Welsh-medium or bilingual pre-school experiences. As a consequence, the supply of Welsh-language childcare does not develop in response to demand, limiting opportunities for bilingualism to take root in many areas. These findings are important in the context of Welsh Government's policy target of a million Welsh speakers by 2050.

Through Silicon Via Technology: Cost effective Cu-TSV Interconnects by EMC3D and Technical Challenges with Cu-TSV

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000425-000445
Author(s):  
Paul Siblerud ◽  
Rozalia Beica ◽  
Bioh Kim ◽  
Erik Young
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Through Silicon Via ◽  
Wafer Level Packaging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
Ic Technology

The development of IC technology is driven by the need to increase performance and functionality while reducing size, power and cost. The continuous pressure to meet those requirements has created innovative, small, cost-effective 3-D packaging technologies. 3-D packaging can offer significant advantages in performance, functionality and form factor for future technologies. Breakthrough in wafer level packaging using through silicon via technology has proven to be technologically beneficial. Integration of several key and challenging process steps with a high yield and low cost is key to the general adoption of the technology. This paper will outline the breakthroughs in cost associated with an iTSV or Via-Mid structure in a integrated process flow. Key process technologies enabling 3-D chip:Via formationInsulator, barrier and seed depositionCopper filling (plating),CMPWafer thinningDie to Wafer/chip alignment, bonding and dicing This presentation will investigate these techniques that require interdisciplinary coordination and integration that previously have not been practiced. We will review the current state of 3-D interconnects and the of a cost effective Via-first TSV integrated process.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Rabies in El Jadida Region, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Khadija Bouaddi ◽  
Abdelali Bitar ◽  
Mohammed Bouslikhane ◽  
Abdesslam Ferssiwi ◽  
Aziz Fitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
El Jadida ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies in the El Jadida region, Morocco. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire among randomly selected residents across 24 study sites. In total, 407 respondents took part in the survey. The majority (367, 92%) were male and had no formal education (270, 66%). Some (118, 29%) believed that rabies does not affect humans. Most respondents (320, 79%) were aware that vaccination could prevent rabies, but nevertheless did not vaccinate their dogs (264, 64.9%) and allowed their dogs to roam freely in search of food. Some (52.8%) would visit traditional healers for treatment in the event of a dog bite incident. Age and educational level were found to be significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (p < 0.05). Although respondents demonstrated some level of knowledge about rabies, overall this study reveals critical gaps in their attitudes and practices. These shortcomings may be associated with a low level of education. Therefore, decision-makers need a new approach to control rabies, with a special focus on public awareness and health education, in order to sustain rabies control programs.

scholarly journals “Who’s Who?”: Identifying Cycling Coaches’ Biographies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samuel Wood ◽  
David Richardson ◽  
Simon Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Coach Learning ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Perceived Relevance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Educational Course

Consideration of a learners’ biography is deemed to impact on their engagement with formal education and their connection with, and perceived relevance of, educational course content. It is considered equally important to understand coaches who enrol on formal coach learning in sport—their motivations, beliefs, values, existing knowledge, and previous life experiences. This research explored the individual biographies of eight neophyte cycling coaches over an 18-month period following the successful completion of a national governing body coach award. Following 23 formal semistructured interviews and 26 unstructured interviews, deductive thematic narrative analysis revealed three different typologies of coach: the “performance coach”; the “parent-coach”; and the “community coach.” Although the subjective details of the life stories varied according to their idiosyncratic perspective, all participants’ stories broadly followed one of these three identifiable narratives. Identifying different “typologies” of cycling coaches’ answers calls from coach developers to account for the specific backgrounds of coaches’ practices. It is hoped this research will begin the process of developing more personalised approaches to coach education.

scholarly journals Logical Culture Phenomenon in Russia: the Past and the Present

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Varvara Popova ◽  
Anatoliy Pushkarskiy ◽  
Lyudmila Sirotkina
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Concept Definition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intellectual Activities ◽  
Professional Teaching

The paper presents the study results with respect to the logical culture phenomenon. The concept definition has been formulated and the levels of logic existence in culture have been determined as part of studies. The personal level of logical culture being an integral feature of intellectual activities, the basic component of which is the logical thinking culture, has been determined and characterized. The structure of such thinking culture is presented as a reflection of the thin­king process macrostructure and is characterized by its substantive, procedural, and personal components. The forms of logical thinking culture have been identified and described. They are trivial prological, reflexive, and professional-methodological forms. The authors bring into focus the cultural and historical conditionalism of personal logical culture, thus the development of the latter is seen in the historical context; the characteristics of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods are analyzed. The paper describes the specific character of the current state of translational and cumulative levels of logic existence in the Russian cultural space and reveals the emergence of an unfavorable cultural and educational environment to promote logical culture as the basis for rationality. The authors find philosophical practices integrating formal, informal, and non-formal education opportunities as a prospective way to develop logical culture. In this model, the discipline of logic and its professional teaching are seen as a relevant tool and a prerequisite to preserve the traditions of logical culture and to form a high level of rational thought and action.

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