Role and Relevance of Neurocognitive Assessment in Clinical Trials of Patients With CNS Tumors

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Meyers ◽  
Paul D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
End Points ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Neurocognitive Assessment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Problems

The inclusion of neurocognitive end points in clinical trials of patients with CNS tumors is increasing. Neurocognitive end points are used to understand what cognitive problems exist before treatment to establish a baseline by which the effect of treatment is judged, and to determine whether different treatment regimens improve neurocognitive function due to better tumor control, slow expected neurocognitive deterioration due to the tumor, or have more or less short- and long-term neurotoxicity. However, the use of neurocognitive end points in clinical trials for patients with CNS tumors is in its infancy, so that long-term outcomes are difficult to predict and the ability to determine the effects of different agents and treatment approaches is scant. Including this aspect of patient evaluation in addition to survival and time to tumor progression will yield better risk-versus-benefit assessments as well as provide a basis for improving interventions.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding and treating vasculitis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Koster ◽  
Kenneth J. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Anti Cd20 ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are near universally fatal conditions if untreated. Although effective therapeutic options are available for these diseases, treatment regimens are associated with both short- and long-term adverse effects. The recent identification of effective B-cell-targeted therapy with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody has transformed the treatment landscape of AAV. Questions, nevertheless, remain regarding the appropriate timing, dose, frequency, duration, and long-term effects of treatment. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current information, recent advances, ongoing clinical trials, and future treatment possibilities in AAV.

Considering a Potential Role of Linalool as a Mood Stabilizer for Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5128-5133
Author(s):  
Kate Levenberg ◽  
Wade Edris ◽  
Martha Levine ◽  
Daniel R. George
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Short And Long Term

Epidemiologic studies suggest that the lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders ranges from 2.8 to 6.5 percent of the population. To decrease morbidity and mortality associated with disease progression, pharmacologic intervention is indicated for the majority of these patients. While a number of effective treatment regimens exist, many conventional medications have significant side effect profiles that adversely impact patients’ short and long-term well-being. It is thus important to continue advancing and improving therapeutic options available to patients. This paper reviews the limitations of current treatments and examines the chemical compound Linalool, an alcohol found in many plant species, that may serve as an effective mood stabilizer. While relatively little is known about Linalool and bipolar disorder, the compound has been shown to have antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-depressive, and neurotrophic effects, with mechanisms that are comparable to current bipolar disorder treatment options.

Longitudinal Analysis of Visual Outcomes After Surgical Treatment of Adult Craniopharyngiomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hoon Kim ◽  
Chae-Yong Kim ◽  
Jin Wook Kim ◽  
Yong Hwy Kim ◽  
Jung Ho Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Outcomes ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract BACKGROUND: Craniopharyngiomas (CRPs) often cause visual deterioration (VD) due to the close vicinity of the optic apparatus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate longitudinal visual outcomes after surgery of CRP and determine the prognostic factors thereof. METHODS: One hundred forty-six adult patients who underwent surgery for newly diagnosed CRP were retrospectively reviewed. There were 87 male patients (60%), and the median age was 41 years (range, 18–75). The mean follow-up duration was 88.7 months (range, 24–307). A visual impairment score was used to assess the short-term (<1 month) and long-term (>2 years) visual outcomes. RESULTS: Gross total removal was performed in 53 patients (36%), and tumor recurrence occurred in 40 patients (27%). The average preoperative, short- and long-term visual impairment scores were 44.4, 38.5, and 38.1, respectively, on a 0- to 100-point scale (with 100 indicating the worst vision). Short- and long-term VD occurred in 28 (19%) and 39 patients (27%), respectively. Subtotal removal (STR) alone (P = .010; OR = 4.8), short-term VD (P < .001; OR = 39.7), and tumor recurrence (P < .001; OR = 28.2) were significant risk factors for long-term VD in the multivariate analysis. Patients undergoing STR alone had higher tumor recurrence rates in comparison with those who underwent gross total removal or STR with adjuvant therapy (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Short-term VD secondary to the surgical insult and the recurrence of the tumor were strong predictors of long-term visual outcomes after surgical treatment for CRP. STR alone may be an ineffective strategy for achieving tumor control and optimal visual outcomes in patients with CRP.

scholarly journals Short and long term effect of treatment non-pharmacological and lifestyle in patients with metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Denise Brandão ◽  
Jeferson Hernandes da Silva ◽  
Sarah Mariane Oliveira Lima ◽  
Leiciane Lima ◽  
Bhianca Loize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Treatment of Common Childhood Malignancies

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy M. Bickert
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Cooperative Group ◽  
Pediatric Malignancies ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Childhood Malignancies

Malignancy is the fourth leading cause of death in persons aged 1 to 19 years. The success of the pediatric oncology cooperative group clinical trials has allowed a systematic approach to the treatment of relatively rare malignancies. Each trial builds on previous results in terms of both survival and toxicity. This article will discuss the current treatment regimens for several of the more common pediatric malignancies and their long-term complications developed through this process.

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkin lymphomas in childhood: How to move on?

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Dokmanovic ◽  
Predrag Rodic ◽  
Nada Krstovski ◽  
Jelena Lazic ◽  
Dragana Janic
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Refractory Diseases

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood represent a diverse group of neoplasms with different clinical, pathological, immunophenotypical and genetic features. A vast majority of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphomas could be classified into one of the three major histological subgroups: mature B-cell neoplasms, lymphoblastic lymphomas or anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Modern therapeutic strategies lead to cure in more than 80% of patients. Conversely, refractory diseases, as well as disease relapse convey a dismal prognosis. This fact requires much better stratification based on prognostic markers which would ideally recognize distinct groups of patients requiring different therapeutic regimens. Defining novel diagnostic and prognostic markers should improve diagnosis and prognosis as well as patient follow-up. It should also allow introduction of individually tailored treatment regimens in selected groups of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with the main goal of improving treatment results and decreasing short- and long-term complications.

scholarly journals A Computational Solution to Bolster Epigenetic Clock Reliability for Clinical Trials and Longitudinal Tracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Albert Higgins-Chen ◽  
Kyra Thrush ◽  
Tina Hu-Seliger ◽  
Yunzhang Wang ◽  
Sara Hagg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Epigenetic Clock ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Longitudinal Tracking ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarker ◽  
Computational Solution

Abstract Epigenetic clocks are widely used aging biomarkers, but they are calculated from methylation data for individual CpGs that can be surprisingly unreliable. We report that technical noise causes six major epigenetic clocks to deviate by 3 to 9 years between replicates. We present a novel computational solution: we perform principal component analysis followed by biological age prediction using principal components, extracting shared age-related changes across CpGs while ignoring noise from individual CpGs. Our novel principal-component versions of six clocks show agreement between most technical replicates within 1 year, and increased stability in short- and long-term longitudinal studies. This requires only one additional step compared to traditional clocks, does not require prior knowledge of CpG reliabilities, and can improve the reliability of any existing or future epigenetic biomarker. The extremely high reliability of principal component epigenetic clocks makes them particularly useful for personalized medicine and clinical trials evaluating novel aging interventions.

A World of Research Subjects: Informed Consent and Benefit Sharing*

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
George J. Annas ◽  
Michael A. Grodin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Term Benefit

The most important question for any research project is whether the research should be done at all. Only after this is answered do issues of how and where to do the research become relevant. When doing research in another country, however, the whether and where questions become intertwined. This is because the recent globalization of clinical trials is itself suspect. What is the motivation for the sudden upsurge in clinical trials in other countries? Who benefits from the globalization of research, and who is put at risk? Some advantages have been suggested, including reduced regulation, less oversight, decreased costs, and more rapid results, but none of these alone (or together) is sufficient to justify the expansion of medical research to an underserved, disenfranchised, and exploitable population. The only justification is that the proposed research addresses a question that can only be answered by this unique population and the results must bring short- and long-term benefit. The research remains suspect until ethical norms are met. The subjects must never be worse off from participating in the trials than if they had never participated.

Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Vaksin Covid-19 : Studi Refrensi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-107
Author(s):  
Setiyo Adi Nugroho ◽  
Indra Nur Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
A Value ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

Various strategies and development of the Covid-19 vaccine have been carried out for the control of the Covid-19 pandemic. Various vaccines have undergone clinical trials with promising results in various countries. The effectiveness and safety and short- and long-term side effects of vaccines are a major concern in clinical trials in these strategies and developments. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness and safety of the Covid-19 vaccine so that it can inform and increase public confidence in the Covid-19 vaccine through a reference study approach. Method: The research method we use here is a reference study using electronic databases through journals from international and national. Google Scholar, science direx, elsiver, Pubmed are used as the main Journal database for this reference study. Results: From the results of reference studies found that all vaccines in clinical trials have promising effectiveness and safety. The Pfizer-BiONTech vaccine is a vaccine that has a good level of effectiveness and safety with a value of 94.6% and does not cause serious side effects. Double-dose vaccination further improves the immune response in younger and older adults. Conclusion: The Covid-19 vaccine in clinical trials all demonstrates promising immunogenicity with varying levels of protective effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile.

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