Oral Cancer Prevention and the Evolution of Molecular-Targeted Drug Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Lippman ◽  
Jon Sudbø ◽  
Waun Ki Hong
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Molecular Targeted Drug

The multifaceted rationale for molecular-targeted prevention of oral cancer is strong. Oral cancer is a major global threat to public health, causing great morbidity and mortality rates that have not improved in decades. Oral cancer development is a tobacco-related multistep and multifocal process involving field carcinogenesis and intraepithelial clonal spread. Biomarkers of genomic instability, such as aneuploidy and allelic imbalance, can accurately measure the cancer risk of oral premalignant lesions, or intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN). Retinoid–oral IEN studies (eg, of retinoic acid receptor-beta, p53, genetic instability, loss of heterozygosity, and cyclin D1) have advanced the overall understanding of the biology of intraepithelial carcinogenesis and of preventive agent molecular mechanisms and targets—important advances for monitoring preventive interventions and assessing cancer risk and pharmacogenomics. Clinical management of oral IEN varies from watchful waiting to complete resection, although complete resection does not prevent oral cancer in high-risk patients. New approaches, such as interventions with molecular-targeted agents and agent combinations in molecularly defined high-risk oral IEN patients, are urgently needed to reduce the devastating worldwide consequences of oral cancer.

scholarly journals Oral Carcinogenesis and Oral Cancer Chemoprevention: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Tanaka ◽  
Mayu Tanaka ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Field Cancerization ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis

Oral cancer is one of the major global threats to public health. The development of oral cancer is a tobacco-related multistep and multifocal process involving field cancerization and carcinogenesis. The rationale for molecular-targeted prevention of oral cancer is promising. Biomarkers of genomic instability, including aneuploidy and allelic imbalance, are possible to measure the cancer risk of oral premalignancies. Understanding of the biology of oral carcinogenesis will yield important advances for detecting high-risk patients, monitoring preventive interventions, and assessing cancer risk and pharmacogenomics. In addition, novel chemopreventive agents based on molecular mechanisms and targets against oral cancers will be derived from studies using appropriate animal carcinogenesis models. New approaches, such as molecular-targeted agents and agent combinations in high-risk oral individuals, are undoubtedly needed to reduce the devastating worldwide consequences of oral malignancy.

scholarly journals Understanding Carcinogenesis for Fighting Oral Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Tanaka ◽  
Rikako Ishigamori
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Field Cancerization ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Oral Malignancy

Oral cancer is one of the major global threats to public health. Oral cancer development is a tobacco-related multistep and multifocal process involving field cancerization and carcinogenesis. The rationale for molecular-targeted prevention of oral cancer is promising. Biomarkers of genomic instability, including aneuploidy and allelic imbalance, are able to measure the cancer risk of oral premalignancies. Understanding of the biology of oral carcinogenesis will give us important advances for detecting high-risk patients, monitoring preventive interventions, assessing cancer risk, and pharmacogenomics. In addition, novel chemopreventive agents based on molecular mechanisms and targets against oral cancers will be derived from research using appropriate animal carcinogenesis models. New approaches, such as interventions with molecular-targeted agents and agent combinations in high-risk oral individuals, are undoubtedly needed to reduce the devastating worldwide consequences of oral malignancy.

scholarly journals An Update on Precancerous Lesions of Oral Cavity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Goyal ◽  
Pardeep Goyal ◽  
Harkanwal Preet Singh ◽  
Chanchal Verma
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Timely Treatment

Oral cancer is the most common head and neck cancer, found in 270,000 patients annually worldwide. Some cancers develop from precancerous lesions; however, there is no definitive clinico pathological factor or biomarker that reliably enables malignant transformation to be predicted in an individual patient. Early detection and early treatment of oral cancer are important for improving the survival rate of patients; prevention of oral cancer will clearly contribute most to decreasing its death rate. So correct diagnosis and timely treatment of premalignant lesions with high risk of malignant transformation may help to prevent malignant transformation.

scholarly journals Viral and Cellular Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lina Tornesello ◽  
Luigi Buonaguro ◽  
Paolo Giorgi-Rossi ◽  
Franco M. Buonaguro
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv E6

Cervical cancer arises from cells localized in the ectoendocervical squamocolumnar junction of the cervix persistently infected with one of about 13 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. The majority of HPV infections induces low grade squamous epithelial lesions that in more than 90% of cases spontaneously regress and in about 10% eventually progress to high grade lesions and even less frequently evolve to invasive cancer. Tumor progression is characterized by (1) increased expression of E6 and E7 genes of high risk HPVs, known to bind to and inactivate p53 and pRb oncosuppressors, respectively; (2) integration of viral DNA into host genome, with disruption of E2 viral genes and host chromosomal loci; and (3) molecular alterations of key regulators of cell cycle. Molecular markers with high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating viral infections associated with cellular abnormalities with high risk of progression are strongly needed for cervical cancer screening and triage. This review will focus on the analysis of clinical validated or candidate biomarkers, such as HPV DNA, HPV E6/E7 mRNA, HPV proteins, p16(INK4a) and Ki67, TOP2A and MCM2 cellular factors, and DNA methylation profiles, which will likely improve the identification of premalignant lesions that have a high risk to evolve into invasive cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Public support for healthcare-mediated disclosure of hereditary cancer risk information: Results from a population-based survey in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Andersson ◽  
Carolina Hawranek ◽  
Anna Öfverholm ◽  
Hans Ehrencrona ◽  
Kalle Grill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hereditary Cancer ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Hereditary Risk ◽  
Risk Scenarios

Abstract Background Targeted surveillance of at-risk individuals in families with increased risk of hereditary cancer is an effective prevention strategy if relatives are identified, informed and enrolled in screening programs. Despite the potential benefits, many eligible at-risk relatives remain uninformed of their cancer risk. This study describes the general public’s opinion on disclosure of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) risk information, as well as preferences on the source and the mode of information. Methods A random sample of the general public was assessed through a Swedish citizen web-panel. Respondents were presented with scenarios of being an at-risk relative in a family that had an estimated increased hereditary risk of CRC; either 10% (moderate) or 70% (high) lifetime risk. A colonoscopy was presented as a preventive measure. Results were analysed to identify significant differences between groups using the Pearson’s chi-square (χ2) test. Results Of 1800 invited participants, 977 completed the survey (54%). In the moderate and high-risk scenarios, 89.2 and 90.6% respectively, would like to receive information about a potential hereditary risk of CRC (χ2, p = .755). The desire to be informed was higher among women (91.5%) than men (87.0%, χ2, p = .044). No significant differences were found when comparing different age groups, educational levels, place of residence and having children or not. The preferred source of risk information was a healthcare professional in both moderate and high-risk scenarios (80.1 and 75.5%). However, 18.1 and 20.1% respectively would prefer to be informed by a family member. Assuming that healthcare professionals disclosed the information, the favoured mode of information was letter and phone (38.4 and 33.2%). Conclusions In this study a majority of respondents wanted to be informed about a potential hereditary risk of CRC and preferred healthcare professionals to communicate this information. The two presented levels of CRC lifetime risk did not significantly affect the interest in being informed. Our data offer insights into the needs and preferences of the Swedish population, providing a rationale for developing complementary healthcare-assisted communication pathways to realise the full potential of targeted prevention of hereditary CRC.

scholarly journals Presence of histopathological premalignant lesions and infection caused by high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus in patients with suspicious cytological and colposcopy results: A prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mileta Golubovic ◽  
Milena Lopicic ◽  
Natasa Terzic ◽  
Marija Djurovic ◽  
Boban Mugosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Female Patients

Background/Aim. In patients with premalignant cervical lesions, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, at any moment, may be spontaneously eliminated, or may persist or transform cervical epithelium from a lower to a higher degree. Due to that, it is necessary to wisely select the patients who are at high risk of cancer development. The aim of the study was to establish the interdependence between a suspicious Papanicolaou (Pap) test and colposcopy with the infection caused by high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus and the presence of premalignant cervical lesions. Methods. This prospective study used cytological, colposcopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus and histopathological analysis of cervical biopsy specimen. Out of 2,578 female patients sent to cytological analyses in Clinical Center of Montenegro, during 2012, 2013 and 2014, the study included 80 women who had to submit their biopsy specimens due to a suspicious Pap test and atypical colposcopy results. Results. In the group of 80 (3.1%; n = 80/2,578) of the selected female patients with suspicious Pap test and colposcopy, 2/3 or 56 (70%) of them had cervicitis, and 1/3 or 24 (30%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The most common type in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was HPV16 in 8 female patients, ie 61.53% out of the number of infected, or 33.33% out of the total number of premalignant lesions. Conclusion. Patients with suspicious Papanicolaou test, colposcopy results and infection which is caused by high-risk HPV infection (HPV 16 in particular) often have premalignant cervical lesions. In these cases, histopathological confirmation of lesions is mandatory, since it serves as a definitive diagnostic procedure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document