Racial differences in the perception of lung cancer: Data from the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6556-6556
Author(s):  
C. S. Lathan ◽  
C. Okechukwu ◽  
B. F. Drake ◽  
G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
White Patients

6556 Background: Black men have the highest rates of lung cancer incidence and mortality in the US, and yet continue to obtain treatment at lower rates than White patients. Racial differences in the perception of lung cancer in the population could contribute to racial disparities in seeking timely treatment. Methods: Data are from the 2005 HINTS survey. Sample design was random digit dialing of listed telephone exchanges in US. Complete interviews were conducted on 5491 adults, of which 1872 respondents were assigned to receive questions pertaining to lung cancer. All analyses were conducted on this subset of respondents. SAS callable SUDAAN was used to calculate χ2 tests and perform logistic regression analyses to model racial differences in perceptions of lung cancer. All estimates were weighted to be nationally representative of US population; jack knife weighting method was used for parameter estimation. Results: Black and White patients shared many of the same beliefs about lung cancer mortality, and etiology. African Americans were more likely than Whites to agree that its hard to follow recommendations about preventing lung cancer (OR 2.05 1.19–3.53 95% CI), to avoid evaluation for lung cancer due to fear of having the disease (OR 3.32 1.84–5.98 95% CI), and to believe that patients with lung cancer would have pain or other symptoms before diagnosis (OR 2.20 1.27–3.79 95% CI). Conclusions: African Americans are more likely to hold beliefs about lung cancer that could interfere with prevention and treatment of lung cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Single Center, Retrospective Study in Central Indiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Killion ◽  
Francesca Duncan ◽  
Nawar Al Nasrallah ◽  
Catherine Sears
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background/Objective:  Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. However, there is a disparity in incidence and mortality between African Americans and Caucasians. This study aims to analyze factors that could describe this difference, such as treatment, socioeconomic, or behavioral differences using information from an Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (IUSCC) lung cancer registry. We hypothesized that African Americans will have a higher lung cancer stage at diagnosis and mortality, associated with less timely, stage-appropriate treatment.  Methods:  Using data collected from patients diagnosed with lung cancer at IUSCC from 2000-2016, we compared racial differences in diagnoses and subsequent management. Patients were categorized by race and clinical stage at diagnosis. Further categorization by sex, vital status, age at diagnosis, time from diagnosis to treatment and death, tobacco use, surgery, chemotherapy, insurance coverage, and histology was performed. We determined the rates of surgery or chemotherapy by stage at diagnosis. Statistical analyses are by student t-test or 2-way ANOVA.  Results:  African Americans were younger than Caucasians at lung cancer diagnosis (average 63.4 vs. 61.2 years p-value < 0.001). African American race was associated with a longer time from diagnosis to treatment (36.4 vs. 32.1 days, p=0.023) and shorter time from diagnosis to death (475.1 vs. 623.7 days, p=0.001). The data suggests that African Americans have a later stage at diagnosis, are more likely to be uninsured and less likely to be covered by private insurance. The data suggests African Americans have a lower rate of surgery (Stages 1-3) and chemotherapy (Stages 3B and 4).  Conclusion and Potential Impact:  This data suggests racial differences in lung cancer diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. Future analyses will focus on multiple comparisons to determine possible impacts of socioeconomic and environmental factors on these outcomes at IUSCC and other university-affiliated health care systems. 

Racial differences in long-term outcomes among black and white patients with drug-eluting stents

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Lonnie T. Sullivan ◽  
Hillary Mulder ◽  
Karen Chiswell ◽  
Linda K. Shaw ◽  
Tracy Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Drug Eluting Stents ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
White Patients

Pan cancer analysis of the intra-tumoral microbiome’s correlation with racial disparities.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2519-2519
Author(s):  
Wei Tse Li ◽  
Matthew Uzelac ◽  
Jaideep Chakladar ◽  
Lindsay M. Wong ◽  
Aditi Gnanasekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Starting Point

2519 Background: Microbiome composition can influence cancer development and is moderated by diet, hygiene, sanitation, and other environmental variables. For example, a Mediterranean diet could increase breast Lactobacillus abundance, while the gut microbiome changes dramatically with fructose intake. Recent studies have revealed correlations between microbial abundance and racial disparities in cancer. Given these reports, it is critical to examine whether environmental influences on the microbiome contribute to racial disparities in cancer incidence and prognosis. Methods: We examined the intra-tumoral microbiome in the lungs, breasts, bladder, colon, rectum, cervix, head and neck, prostate, and pancreas (n = 4,169). Raw tumor RNA sequencing data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and aligned to bacterial genomes. Microbial abundance was correlated to race, ethnicity, and prognostic variables (Kruskal-Wallis test or Cox regression, p< 0.05). Results: We identified several microbes correlated with racial disparities for breast and bladder cancer, two microbes for lung squamous cell carcinoma, and one microbe for colon cancer. For breast cancer, African Americans have the highest mortality rate, followed by white Americans and Asian Americans. We found that four microbes, all under the order Burkholderiales, were positively correlated with poor prognosis and were most abundant in African Americans and least abundant in Asian Americans. Therefore, increased abundance of these microbes may contribute to the observed mortality differences between races. For bladder cancer, Asian Americans have the lowest incidence and mortality rates. Seven microbes, including two Geobacillus, two Pseudomonas, and two Burkholderiales, positively correlate with good prognosis and are upregulated in Asian Americans. High Pseudomonas fluorescens abundance is positively correlated with decreased risk of death (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38-0.85). High abundance of the Burkholderiales R. pickettii (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.92) and V. paradoxus (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.98) also exhibit the same trend. Geobacillus and Pseudomonas are both present in food, while Burkholderiales can cause nosocomial infections and are altered by diet. Conclusions: Our study is the most comprehensive to date investigating racial differences in the intra-tumoral microbiome. Our data serve as a starting point for exploring whether environmental influence of microbial abundance contributes to racial disparities in cancer.

scholarly journals The Effect of Biracial Status and Color on Crystallized Intelligence in the U.S.-Born African–European American Population

Psych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
John Fuerst ◽  
Richard Lynn ◽  
Emil Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
European American ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan

The relationship between biracial status, color, and crystallized intelligence was examined in a nationally representative sample of adult Black and White Americans. First, it was found that self-identifying biracial individuals, who were found to be intermediate in color and in self-reported ancestry, had intermediate levels of crystallized intelligence relative to self-identifying White (mostly European ancestry) and Black (mostly sub-Saharan African ancestry) Americans. The results were transformed to an IQ scale: White (M = 100.00, N = 7569), primarily White–biracial (M = 96.07, N = 43, primarily Black–biracial (M = 94.14 N = 50), and Black (M = 89.81, N = 1381). Next, among self-identifying African Americans, a statistically significant negative correlation of r = −0.102 (N = 637) was found between interviewer-rated darker facial color and vocabulary scores. After correction for the reliability of the measures, this correlation increased to r = −0.21. Corrections for the validity of color as an index of African ancestry would raise this correlation to around r = −0.48. This association among self-identifying African Americans was not accounted for by confounding factors, such as region of residence and interviewer race, or by parental socioeconomic status and individual educational attainment. In the multivariate models, the standardized betas for color and crystallized intelligence among African Americans ranged from β = −0.112 to β = −0.142. Based on the coefficients from the multivariate analysis, it was further found that cognitive ability was a significant mediator in the context of color and education, while education was not in the context of color and cognitive ability. It is concluded that these results further substantiate the statistical relation between intelligence and biogeographic ancestry in African and European American populations.

scholarly journals Lung cancer mortality due to delayed treatment: Literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
B. А. Abdurakhmanov ◽  
Z. К. Avizovа
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Delay In Treatment

Lung cancer is still leading in the structure of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Delay in appropriate treatment increases the probability of death from this disease. Purpose: to study foreign scientific publications of recent years on the mortality from lung cancer due to delayed treatment. Results: The analysis of global literature for 2010-2020 shows that any delay in lung cancer treatment after establishing the diagnosis reduces the survival rates. Recent studies provide a qualitative assessment of the effect of delay in treatment on cancer mortality for prioritization and modeling. The indications for surgery, systemic treatment, and radiation therapy in seven types of cancer, including lung cancer, evidence a significant association between delay in treatment and increased mortality. The researchers believe that early diagnostics increase the treatment efficacy. Conclusion: Analyzing the barriers to timely treatment for lung cancer can help clarify and assess the impact of delayed treatment on survival. Policies designed to minimize delays in treatment can improve survival outcomes.

Spirituality among African Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Jason E. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
National Survey ◽  
African American Community ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Spiritual But Not Religious ◽  
Blacks And Whites

This chapter assesses the importance of spirituality among African Americans. More specifically, it examines the extent to which respondents in a large, multiyear national survey view themselves as a “spiritual person.” Four sets of comparative analysis are offered: (1) racial differences among black and white members of various evangelical Protestant traditions, (2) racial differences among black and white members of various mainline Protestant and Catholic traditions, (3) denominational differences specifically among African Americans, and (4) racial differences among blacks and whites who view themselves as “spiritual but not religious.” The findings reveal significant interracial and intraracial differences in how spirituality shapes one’s personal identity. Because organized religion has historically been so central to African American community life, the implications for the growth in noninstitutional spirituality are considered.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in Lung Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort Study: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O Stram ◽  
S Lani Park ◽  
Christopher A Haiman ◽  
Sharon E Murphy ◽  
Yesha Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Urinary Biomarker ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

Abstract Background We previously found that African Americans and Native Hawaiians were at highest lung cancer risk compared with Japanese Americans and Latinos; whites were midway in risk. These differences were more evident at relatively low levels of smoking intensity, fewer than 20 cigarettes per day (CPD), than at higher intensity. Methods We apportioned lung cancer risk into three parts: age-specific background risk (among never smokers), an excess relative risk term for cumulative smoking, and modifiers of the smoking effect: race and years-quit smoking. We also explored the effect of replacing self-reports of CPD with a urinary biomarker—total nicotine equivalents—using data from a urinary biomarker substudy. Results Total lung cancers increased from 1979 to 4993 compared to earlier analysis. Estimated excess relative risks for lung cancer due to smoking for 50 years at 10 CPD (25 pack-years) ranged from 21.9 (95% CI = 18.0 to 25.8) for Native Hawaiians to 8.0 (95% CI = 6.6 to 9.4) for Latinos over the five groups. The risk from smoking was higher for squamous cell carcinomas and small cell cancers than for adenocarcinomas. Racial differences consistent with earlier patterns were seen for overall cancer and for cancer subtypes. Adjusting for predicted total nicotine equivalents, Japanese Americans no longer exhibit a lower risk, and African Americans are no longer at higher risk, compared to whites. Striking risk differences between Native Hawaiians and Latinos persist. Conclusions Racial differences in lung cancer risk persist in the Multiethnic Cohort study that are not easily explained by variations in self-reported or urinary biomarker-measured smoking intensities.

Racial differences in molecular subtypes between black and white patients with endometrial cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
E.A. Dubil ◽  
C. Tian ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
N.W. Bateman ◽  
D.A. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Patients

Estimated Cardiovascular Risk and Guideline-Concordant Primary Prevention With Statins: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analyses of US Ambulatory Visits Using Competing Algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Fairman ◽  
David Romanet ◽  
Nicole K. Early ◽  
Kellie J. Goodlet
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
White Patients

Introduction: The 2013 pooled cohort equations (PCE) may misestimate cardiovascular event (CVE) risk, particularly for black patients. Alternatives to the original PCE (O-PCE) to assess potential statin benefit for primary prevention—a revised PCE (R-PCE) and US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) algorithms—have not been compared in contemporary US patients in routine office-based practice. Methods: We performed retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative, US sample of office visits made from 2011 to 2014. Sampling criteria matched those used for PCE development: aged 40 to 79 years, black or white race, no cardiovascular disease. Original PCE, R-PCE, and USPSTF algorithms were applied to biometric and demographic data. Outcomes included estimated 10-year CVE risk, percentage exceeding each algorithm’s statin-treatment threshold (>7.5% risk for O-PCE and R-PCE, and >10% O-PCE plus >1 risk factor for USPSTF), and percentage prescribed statin therapy. Results: In 12 556 visits (representing 285 330 123 nationwide), 10.8% of patients were black, 27.1% had diabetes, and 15.7% were current smokers. Replacing O-PCE with R-PCE decreased mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) estimated CVE risk from 12.4% (12.0%-12.7%) to 8.5% (8.2%-8.8%). Significant ( P < 0.05) racial disparity in the rate of CVE risk >7.5% was identified using O-PCE (black and white patients [95% CI], respectively: 58.8% [54.6%-62.9%] vs 52.8% [51.1%-54.4%], P = .006) but not R-PCE (41.6% [37.6%-45.7%] vs 39.9% [38.3%-41.5%], P = .448). Revised PCE and USPSTF recommendations were concordant for 90% of patients. Significant racial disparity in guideline-concordant statin prescribing was found using O-PCE (black and white patients, respectively, 35.0% [30.5%-39.9%] vs 41.8% [39.9%-44.4%], P = .013), but not R-PCE (40.6% [35.0%-46.6%] vs 43.0% [40.0%-45.9%], P = .482) or USPSTF recommendations (39.0% [33.8%-44.5%] vs 44.4% [41.5%-47.5%], P = .073). Conclusions: Use of an alternative to O-PCE may reduce racial disparity in estimated CVE risk and may facilitate shared decision-making about primary prevention.

scholarly journals Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 981-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G Fryer ◽  
Steven D Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Test Outcomes ◽  
Parental Ability

Using a new nationally representative dataset, we find minor differences in test outcomes between black and white infants that disappear with a limited set of controls. However, relative to whites, all other races lose substantial ground by age two. Combining our estimates with results in prior literature, we show that a simple model with assortative mating fits our data well, implying that differences in children's environments between racial groups can fully explain gaps in intelligence. If parental ability influences a child's test scores both genetically and through environment, then our findings are less informative and can be reconciled with a wide range of racial differences in inherited intelligence.

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