The predictive value of hENT 1 molecule for gemcitabine treatment in bladder cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15540-e15540
Author(s):  
Didem Sener Dede ◽  
Aydan Kilicaslan ◽  
Muhammed Bulent Akinci ◽  
Umut Demirci ◽  
Gozde Tahtaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nucleoside Transporter ◽  
Control Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference

e15540 Background: Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) is the nucleoside transporter protein which plays the main role for transportation of gemcitabine into the cells. We aim to assess the predictive value of the hENT 1 molecule in bladder cancer patients treated with gemcitabine based chemoterapy. Methods: Clinically and histologically documented stage III and stage IV invazive bladder cancer patients were included in the study. The patients were assessed retrospectively. All patients were received gemsitabine-platine based chemotherapy as the first line treatment. Spesific hENT1 antibody staining was performed on the chemo-naive bladder tumor specimens immunuhistochemically. Vascular endotel and lymphocytes served as an external positive control for hENT 1 immunuhistochemistry. Staining intensity was graded as 0,absent; 1+, less intens than control tissue, 2, equally positive as control tissue; 3, more intense than control tissue. Tumor spesimens with having 3+ intensity staining in >50% of the tumor cells were accepted as showing high expression of hENT 1. Results: Fifty one patients were included in the study. The median age was 67 (range 41-85). Ninety two percent(n=52) of patients were male. Twenty six (46.4%) and 25 (44.6%) patients were stage III and stage IV disease at the beginning of the therapy, respectively. Thirty four (60.7%) patients were in neoadjuvant treatment group and 17 (30.4%) patients were in metastatic group. Tumor grades could be assessed in 33 patients; 2 (11.4%) were low grade and 31 (88%) were high grade. The median folllow up period was 13 (range 1-58) months. In neoadjuvant group 5 (14%) patients have low hENT 1 level and 21 (60%) patients have high hENT 1 level. In metastatic group 1 (5%) patients have low hENT1 level and 13 (95%) patients have high hENT 1 level. We found no statistically significant difference between hENT 1 low and hENT 1 high groups in terms of response to therapy in metastatic and neoadjuvant groups (p=0.426 and p=0.684 respectively). Conclusions: More stuides are needed to demonstrate the real role of hENT 1 molecule in terms of response to gemsitabine treatment.

scholarly journals Perubahan Status Koagulasi Pasien Kanker Padat Pasca Kemoterapi di Indonesia: Sebuah Studi Prospektif

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Noorwati Sutandyo ◽  
Lyana Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coagulation Status ◽  
Stage Iv Cancer ◽  
D Dimer

Pendahuluan. Hiperkoagulasi merupakan faktor yang mendasari tingginya mortalitas akibat kejadian tromboemboli vena pada pasien kanker. Kemoterapi merupakan salah satu faktor yang diduga berkontribusi terhadap status hiperkoagulasi pada pasien kanker. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan status koagulasi yang ditandai dengan kadar D-dimer pada pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi.Metode. Studi ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif di Pusat Kanker Nasional Indonesia yang melibatkan pasien kanker yang sudah terkonfirmasi melalui pemeriksaan histopatologi, dan memulai kemoterapi pada periode Mei hingga Juli 2018. Perubahan status koagulasi dinilai melalui kadar D-dimer plasma. Kadar D-dimer diukur sebelum dan 7 hari setelah kemoterapi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji t berpasangan untuk menilai kemaknaan perubahan kadar D-dimer plasma sebelum dan setelah kemoterapi.Hasil. Sejumlah 89 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yang mana 74,2% adalah perempuan dan hampir separuh dari keseluruhan subjek terdiagnosis kanker payudara (44,9%). Mayoritas subjek (69,6%) terdiagnosis pada stadium III atau IV. Sejumlah 12,4% dari subjek mendapatkan kemoterapi berbasis cisplatin. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar D-dimer sebelum dan setelah kemoterapi (p = 0,05). Studi ini juga menemukan perbedaan bermakna kadar D-dimer sebelum dan sesudah kemoterapi pada pasien kanker stadium III (t(35) = 2,48, p = 0,02) dan stadium IV (t(25) = 2,14, p = 0,04). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar D-dimer sebelum dan setelah kemoterapi pada pasien stadium I dan II. Analisis lanjutan berdasarkan kelompok kemoterapi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan kadar D-dimer yang bermakna pada kelompok yang mendapatkan kemoterapi cisplatin (t(10) = 2,31, p = 0,04), namun tidak pada kelompok yang mendapat kemoterapi non-cisplatin (t(77) = 1,50, p = 0,14).Simpulan. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna status koagulasi yang ditandai dengan kadar D-dimer 7 hari pasca mendapatkan kemoterapi, khususnya pada pasien kanker stadium III atau IV dan mendapatkan kemoterapi berbasis cisplatin. Kata Kunci: Cisplatin, kanker, kemoterapi, status koagulasiChange of Coagulation Status in Solid Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in Indonesia: A Prospective Cohort StudyIntroduction. Cancer-associated hypercoagulability was an underlying factor of high mortality of cancer due to venous thromboembolism. Chemotherapy is proposed as one of the contributing factors of the hypercoagulable state. We aim to evaluate the change of coagulation status, which was marked by D-dimer level, in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.Methods. This is a prospective cohort study in Indonesian national cancer center which involves all adult histologically-confirmed-cancer patients who started chemotherapy between May and July 2018. The coagulation status is assessed by plasma of D-dimer level. We measured D-dimer before chemotherapy and one week after chemotherapy. Paired t-test was performed to assess the significant difference in D-dimer levels before and after chemotherapy.Results. A total of 89 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria, of whom 74.2% were female and almost half of total subjects (44.9%) were breast cancer patients. Majority of subjects (69.6%) were stage III or stage IV cancer. There were 12.4% of subjects received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. There was a marginally significant difference in plasma level of D-dimers before and after chemotherapy (p = 0.05). We also found significant differences between D-dimer level before and after chemotherapy in stage III patients (t(35) = 2.48, p = 0.02) and stage IV patients (t(25) = 2.14, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between D-dimer level before and after chemotherapy in stage I and stage II patients. Subgroup analyses based on chemotherapy agents showed that there was significant D-dimer change in cisplatin-based chemotherapy subjects (t(10) = 2.31, p = 0.04), but not in non-cisplatin-based chemotherapy subjects (t(77) = 1,50, p = 0.14).Conclusion. Compared to before chemotherapy, there is a significant difference of coagulation status marked by plasma D-dimer level one week after chemotherapy, particularly in patients with stage III or stage IV cancer and in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

TOP1 gene copy number in stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) samples: Association to prognosis.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 475-475
Author(s):  
Sune Boris Nygaard ◽  
Maria Unni Rømer ◽  
Ib Jarle Christensen ◽  
Signe Lykke Nielsen ◽  
David Hersi Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Significant Difference

475 Background: TOP1 inhibitor treatment is frequently being used in combination therapy of metastatic CRC. This study aims to reveal whether TOP1 gene copy number associates with patient prognosis, since such a relationship may have significant implications for future studies aiming at validating the predictive value of TOP1 gene copy number. Methods: The study included TOP1 and CEN-20 FISH analyses (DAKO A/S Denmark) on FFPE tissue sections from 154 stage III CRC patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. TOP1 gene copy number, CEN-20 copy number and the TOP1/CEN-20 ratios were analyzed and correlated to overall survival (OS), to time to recurrence (TTR) of patients with CRC and to local recurrence (LR) in patients with rectal cancer (RC). Results: TOP1 copy number counts and the TOP1/CEN-20 ratios, age, gender and primary tumor location were separately added into a multivariate analysis as continuous variables. For OS and LR, TOP1 copy number was significant and the ratio was borderline significant with higher copy number associated with longer OS or longer time to LR. When the patients were dichotomized using the TOP1 median copy number, we found that patients with high TOP1 copy number in their tumor cells had a significant longer OS (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47-0.98; p = 0.04) compared to patients with low TOP1 copy number. Using the median TOP1/CEN-20 ratio to dichotomize, no significant differences were observed between patients with levels above or below the median ratio number for OS (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.53-1.10; p = 0.14). TOP1 copy number divided the RC patients into two groups with a trend towards a significant difference in time to LR (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.27-1.16; p = 0.11) with higher copy number. If the median ratio was used, a significant association with longer time to LR (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20-0.92; p = 0.03) was found. No significant associations between TOP1 copy number or ratio and TTR were observed. Conclusions: Increased TOP1 copy number is associated with longer OS in CRC patients and fewer LR in RC patients. Thus, future studies analyzing the association between TOP1 copy number and response to therapy in CRC patients should be planned in such a way that a prognostic and a predictive value of TOP1 can be separated.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Telomerase Activity in Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Peng ◽  
Jinze Li ◽  
Chunyang Meng ◽  
Jinming Li ◽  
Dandan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of telomerase activity (TA) for bladder cancer (BC) by meta-analysis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of studies published on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to June 1, 2019. We used Stata 15 and Review Manager 5.3 for calculations and statistical analysis.ResultsTo evaluate the diagnostic value of TA for BC, we performed a meta-analysis on 22 studies, with a total of 2,867 individuals, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR, NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The pooled parameters were calculated from all studies, and we found a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72–0.84), a specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87–0.94), a PLR of 8.91 (95% CI: 5.91–13.43), an NLR of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.15–0.37), a DOR of 37.90 (95% CI: 23.32–61.59), and an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.94). We also conducted a subgroup analysis based on the different stages and grades of BC. Results from the subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in TA in either high and low stages of BC, but that low-grade tumors had a lower TA than high-grade tumours.ConclusionsTA can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of bladder cancer with its high specificity. Rigorous and high-quality prospective studies are required to verify our conclusion.

Outcomes for and Risk Factors Associated With Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus faecalisand Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus faeciumBacteremia in Cancer Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ghanem ◽  
R. Hachem ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
R. F. Chemaly ◽  
I. Raad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Aminoglycoside Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
And Control

Objective.Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major cause of nosocomial infection. We sought to compare vancomycin-resistant (VR)Enterococcus faecalisbacteremia and VREnterococcus faeciumbacteremia in cancer patients with respect to risk factors, clinical presentation, microbiological characteristics, antimicrobial therapy, and outcomes.Methods.We identified 210 cancer patients with VRE bacteremia who had been treated between January 1996 and December 2004; 16 of these 210 had VRE. faecalisbacteremia and were matched with 32 patients with VRE. faeciumbacteremia and 32 control patients. A retrospective review of medical records was conducted.Results.Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with VRE. faecalisbacteremia, VRE. faeciumbacteremia was associated with a worse clinical response to therapy (odds ratio [OR], 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-0.98];P= .046) and a higher overall mortality rate (OR, 8.3 [95% CI, 1.9-35.3];P= .004), but the VRE-related mortality rate did not show a statistically significant difference (OR, 6.8 [95% CI, 0.7-61.8];P= .09). Compared with control patients, patients with VRE. faecalisbacteremia were more likely to have received an aminoglycoside in the 30 days before the onset of bacteremia (OR, 5.8 [95% CI, 1.2-27.6];P= .03), whereas patients with VRE. faeciumbacteremia were more likely to have received a carbapenem in the 30 days before the onset of bacteremia (OR, 11.7 [95% CI, 3.6-38.6];P<.001). In a multivariate model that compared patients with VRE. faeciumbacteremia and control patients, predictors of mortality included acute renal failure on presentation (OR, 15.1 [95% CI, 2.3-99.2];P= .004) and VRE. faeciumbacteremia (OR, 11 [95% CI, 2.7-45.1];P<.001). No difference in outcomes was found between patients with VRE. faecalisbacteremia and control patients.Conclusions.VRE. faeciumbacteremia in cancer patients was associated with a poorer outcome than was VRE. faecalisbacteremia. Recent receipt of carbapenem therapy was an independent risk factor for VRE. faeciumbacteremia, and recent receipt of aminoglycoside therapy was independent risk factor forE. faecalisbacteremia.

Microfluidic Assaying of Circulating Tumor Cells and its Correlation with Muscle Invasiveness and Tumor Grade of Urothelial Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghou Fu ◽  
Kok Suen Cheng ◽  
Anqi Chen ◽  
Zhijie Xu ◽  
Xiaoyi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Abstract Background: Bladder cancer is characterized by its frequent recurrence and progression. Effective treatment strategies need to be based on an accurate risk stratification, in which muscle invasiveness and tumor grade represent the two most important factors. Traditional imaging techniques provide preliminary information about muscle invasiveness but are lacking in terms of accuracy. Although as the gold standard, pathological biopsy is only available after the surgery and cannot be performed longitudinally for long-term surveillance. Methods: In this work, we developed a microfluidic approach that interrogates circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of bladder cancer patients to reflect the risk stratification of the disease. Results：In a cohort of 48 bladder cancer patients comprising 33 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) cases and 15 muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) cases, the CTC count was found to be considerably higher in the MIBC group compared with the NMIBC group (4.67 vs. 1.88 CTCs/3 mL, P=0.019), and was significantly higher in high-grade bladder cancer patients verses low-grade bladder cancer patients (3.69 vs. 1.18 CTCs/3mL, P=0.024). Conclusions: This microfluidic assay of CTCs is believed to be a promising complementary tool for the risk stratification of bladder cancer.Trial registration: This research was conducted under the approval of the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine with the Registration No. 2015-218.

Circulating Ca 15.3 Levels in Breast Cancer. Our Present Experience

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Colomer ◽  
Alvaro Ruibal ◽  
Matilde Navarro ◽  
Gloria Encabo ◽  
Luis Alfonso Sole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Benign Diseases ◽  
Ca 15.3 ◽  
Stage Iv Breast Cancer

CA 15.3 is an antigen expressed by human breast carcinoma cells, and defined by two monoclonal antibodies, 115D8 and DF3. We used IRMA to determine the circulating serum levels of CA 15.3 in 1178 subjects with breast cancer, non-breast malignancies, benign diseases and controls. A threshold level of 40 U/ml was established with 140 healthy controls and 650 patients with benign diseases (respectively 0% subjects and 1.5% patients had abnormal antigen levels). Elevated CA 15.3 was found in 12 of 184 patients with malignancies different from breast cancer (6.5%), either epithelial carcinomas with distant metastases, mainly in the liver, or primary liver tumors. Breast cancer patients (n=204) were analysed by prior therapy, UICC stage and WHO response to therapy. Eight of 134 (5.9%) patients with stage II or III breast cancer at presentation and no evidence of disease (NED) had elevated CA 15.3. All of 22 patients with stage IV breast cancer not responding to therapy (SD and PD) had antigen levels > 40 U/ml, as did 10 of 34 (29.4%) stage IV patients in objective response (CR+PR). Three of 14 pretreatment patients had abnormal marker levels, and they later proved to have distant metastases. Serum CA 15.3 values were statistically different (p < 0.01) in NED (20.6 ± 11.2 U/ml), CR+PR (33.5 ± 24.0 U/ml), stable disease (98.8 ± 50.4 U/ml) and progressive disease (> 200 U/ml) breast cancer patients. Our results suggest that circulating CA 15.3 antigen levels agree with the stage of breast cancer and with the response to therapy.

scholarly journals Elevated levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with bladder cancer depending on a tumor stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Dmytryk ◽  
Tetiana Luhovska ◽  
Pavel Yakovlev ◽  
Olexiy Savchuk ◽  
Ludmila Ostapchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th 1

Bladder Cancer (BC) is a common disease worldwide. Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms for the development of BC. This study enrolled 40 patients. Preoperative plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by ELISA. In our study, we observed diverse changes in the levels of cytokines in patients with BC Stage I, II, III and IV. The levels of IL-1β was increased for stage I, stage II, and stage III. The level of TNF-α was increased for stage II, stage III, stage IV. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β were increased in patients with stage III and IV only. The levels of IFN- γ declined for stage II, stage III and stage IV with the lowest levels in patients with Stage IV. In our study, we investigated alteration in levels of Th-1 and Th-2-like cytokine profile, but some deficiency in Th1- status discovered in patients with BC.

Should All Cases of High-Grade Serous Ovarian, Tubal, and Primary Peritoneal Carcinomas Be Reclassified as Tubo-Ovarian Serous Carcinoma?

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Louise Moss ◽  
Tim Evans ◽  
Philippa Pearmain ◽  
Sarah Askew ◽  
Kavita Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ovarian Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Significant Difference

IntroductionThe dualistic theory of ovarian carcinogenesis proposes that epithelial “ovarian” cancer is not one entity with several histological subtypes but a collection of different diseases arising from cells of different origin, some of which may not originate in the ovarian surface epithelium.MethodsAll cases referred to the Pan-Birmingham Gynaecological Cancer Centre with an ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer between April 2006 and April 2012 were identified from the West Midlands Cancer Registry. Tumors were classified into type I (low-grade endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous, and low-grade serous) and type II (high-grade serous, high-grade endometrioid, carcinosarcoma, and undifferentiated) cancers.ResultsOvarian (83.5%), tubal (4.3%), or primary peritoneal carcinoma (12.2%) were diagnosed in a total of 583 woman. The ovarian tumors were type I in 134 cases (27.5%), type II in 325 cases (66.7%), and contained elements of both type I and type II tumors in 28 cases (5.7%). Most tubal and primary peritoneal cases, however, were type II tumors: 24 (96.0%) and 64 (90.1%), respectively. Only 16 (5.8%) of the ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas were stage I at diagnosis, whereas 240 (86.6%) were stage III+. Overall survival varied between the subtypes when matched for stage. Stage III low-grade serous and high-grade serous carcinomas had a significantly better survival compared to clear cell and mucinous cases,P= 0.0134. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the high-grade serous ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal carcinomas when matched for stage (stage III,P= 0.3758; stage IV,P= 0.4820).ConclusionsType II tumors are more common than type I and account for most tubal and peritoneal cancers. High-grade serous carcinomas, whether classified as ovarian/tubal/peritoneal, seem to behave as one disease entity with no significant difference in survival outcomes, therefore supporting the proposition of a separate classification of “tubo-ovarian serous carcinoma”.

scholarly journals Report of clinico-pathological features of breast cancer in HIV-infected and uninfected women in Botswana

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini K. Bhatia ◽  
Mohan Narasimhamurthy ◽  
Yehoda M. Martei ◽  
Pooja Prabhakar ◽  
Jeré Hutson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Receptor Status ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background To characterize the clinico-pathological features including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2/neu (HER2) expression in breast cancers in Botswana, and to compare them by HIV status. Methods This was a retrospective study using data from the National Health Laboratory and Diagnofirm Medical Laboratory in Gaborone from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015. Clinico-pathological details of patients were abstracted from electronic medical records. Results A total of 384 unique breast cancer reports met our inclusion criteria. Of the patients with known HIV status, 42.7% (50/117) were HIV-infected. Median age at the time of breast cancer diagnosis was 54 years (IQR 44–66 years). HIV-infected individuals were more likely to be diagnosed before age 50 years compared to HIV-uninfected individuals (68.2% vs 23.8%, p < 0.001). The majority of patients (68.6%, 35/51) presented with stage III at diagnosis. Stage IV disease was not presented because of the lack of data in pathology records surveyed, and additionally these patients may not present to clinic if the disease is advanced. Overall, 68.9% (151/219) of tumors were ER+ or PR+ and 16.0% (35/219) were HER2+. ER+ or PR+ or both, and HER2- was the most prevalent profile (62.6%, 132/211), followed by triple negative (ER−/PR−/HER2-, 21.3%, 45/211), ER+ or PR+ or both, and HER2+, (9.0%, 19/211) and ER−/PR−/HER2+ (7.1%, 15/211). There was no significant difference in receptor status noted between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals. Conclusions Majority of breast cancer patients in Botswana present with advanced disease (stage III) at diagnosis and hormone receptor positive disease. HIV-infected breast cancer patients tended to present at a younger age compared to HIV-uninfected patients. HIV status does not appear to be associated with the distribution of receptor status in breast cancers in Botswana.

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