Epidemiological trends of HPV-related anal cancers amongst males globally: A systematic literature review.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 492-492
Author(s):  
Anuj Walia ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Martha Nicholson ◽  
Lucy Sun ◽  
Jessica R. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Male Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Over Time

492 Background: Anal cancer is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, which can be prevented by the HPV vaccination. Few countries do recommend vaccination for the male population, but all males are at risk of contracting HPV. This study aimed to identify the latest evidence on the incidence of anal cancer and pre-cancer related to HPV in males globally and to analyze the epidemiological trends. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using Medline and EMBASE. Studies containing original anal cancer incidence data in males published between January 1, 2008 and March 23, 2018 in English were included. Results: The global incidence of anal cancers and pre-cancers among the general male population was identified in 25 studies with observations ranging between 1968 and 2014. Incidence over time was reported in Australia and Europe. In an Australian national study, anal cancer incidence increased from 0.77 to 1.3 per 100,000 persons from 1982-2005, and in the UK from 0.79 to 1.06 per 100,000 persons from 1962-2002. In Denmark, the anal cancer range increased from 0.20-0.41 to 0.69-1.3 per 100,000 person-years (PYs) from pre-2000 to post-2000, and in France from 0.2 to 0.5 per 100,000 PYs from 1982-2012. In two national US studies, the mean incidence of pre-cancers was 1.5 in the period 1997-2009, and 0.41 from 1978-2007 per 100,000 PYs. The burden of anal cancers and pre-cancers increased the most among high-risk males reported in US studies. For HIV-positive males, mean incidence of cancer increased from 10.5 during 1980-1989 to 42.3 in 1996-2004 per 100,000 PYs, and for HIV-positive MSM, incidence increased from 47 to 270 per 100,000 PYs between 1984 and 2013. The mean pre-cancer incidence among HIV-positive males increased from 1.7 during 1980-1989 to 29.5 in 1996-2004 per 100,000 PYs. Conclusions: This systematic literature review demonstrates the increase in anal cancer and pre-cancer incidences over time in men, especially in high-risk male populations. The burden of anal cancers and pre-cancers increase over time in all male populations highlights the unmet medical need and the importance of preventative interventions such as HPV gender-neutral vaccinations.

Global burden of HPV-related cancers in men: A systematic literature review.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13108-e13108
Author(s):  
Stefan Varga ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Karin Luttropp ◽  
Edith Morais ◽  
Anuj Walia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

e13108 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes about 5% of all cancer cases worldwide. Global male-specific incidence of HPV-related cancers, including anal (AC), penile (PC) and head and neck (HNC) cancer, is largely unknown. This study aims to summarize global incidence and HPV prevalence of these cancers in men. Methods: The systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies published in English between Jan 2008-Mar 2018 containing male-specific AC/PC/HNC incidence data, or HPV prevalence in AC/PC/HNC adult patients. Results: Fifty-six studies reported AC incidence in men between 1962-2014. The rate ranged between 0-1.5/100,000 persons in the general population. Globally, AC incidence increased over time. In the US, AC incidence in HIV-positive men increased from 10.5 to 20.7/100,000 person-years (PYs) from 1980-1989 to 1990-1995, and from 47 to 270/100,000 PYs between 1984 and 2013 in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Prevalence of any HPV among men with AC ranged between 20-96%, HPV-16 and -18 being the most prevalent (14-100% vs 8-24%). PC incidence among men was reported in 14 studies between 1962-2015. The rate ranged between 0-10.2/100,000 persons (0-12.8/100,000 PY), with higher incidence rates in older men. Prevalence of any HPV among men with PC ranged between 6.3-100%, HPV-11 and -16 being the most prevalent (0.7-80% vs 18.1-79.2%). HNC incidence among men was reported in 66 studies between 1973-2014. Global cancer registry data reported a range of HNC incidence from 1.4-42.2/100,000, declining over time depending on the geographical location. The corresponding incidence range for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) was 0.4-17.8/100,000, with higher incidence rates for men aged 55 and above and a rapid increase during the past decade in well-developed regions. Prevalence of any HPV ranged between 0-93.8%, HPV-16 and -18 being the most prevalent (1.2-86% vs 2.5-46.9%). Conclusions: This review demonstrates the existing burden of HPV-related cancers globally. Overall, the incidence of HPV-related AC and OPC appears to have increased among men between 1962 and 2015, highlighting a growing unmet medical need and the importance of preventing HPV infection.

Post-Pandemic Restorative Talent Management Strategy for SME Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Neeta Baporikar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Over Time

Indian economy post-COVID 19 pandemic may witness a massive reengineering of all its economic activities. Some will cherish the change, while others will perish over time. The post-pandemic scenario will have a drastic impact across industries and sectors regardless of their scale or size. The magnitude of impact on SMEs and entrepreneurship is unfathomable considering the prevailing intensity of the crisis. SMEs should come up with plausible innovation and talented human force to sustain in the market. The enterprises should develop and nourish ‘talent culture' and should focus on ‘talent', which remains the most neglected component in Indian SMEs until today. Hence, adopting an exploratory approach with a systematic literature review, the chapter focuses on positioning the importance of talent management and its components in the SME framework to manage the post-pandemic crisis. In the process, the chapter deliberates on the key strategies for rearing SMEs through proper management of critical talent and human resources.

A Systematic Literature Review on the Application of Rasch Analysis in Musculoskeletal Disease — A Special Interest Group Report of OMERACT 11

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ying Leung ◽  
May-Ee Png ◽  
Philip Conaghan ◽  
Alan Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Over Time

Objective.The Rasch measurement model provides robust analysis of the internal construct validity of outcome measures. We reviewed the application of Rasch analysis in musculoskeletal medicine as part of the work leading to discussion in a Special Interest Group in Rasch Analysis at Outcome Measures in Rheumatology 11.Methods.A systematic literature review of SCOPUS and MEDLINE was performed (January 1, 1985, to February 29, 2012. Original research reports in English using “Rasch” or “Item Response Theory” in musculoskeletal diseases were assessed by 2 independent reviewers. The topics of focus and analysis methodology details were recorded.Results.Of 212 articles reviewed, 114 were included. The number of publications rose from 1 in 1991–1992 to 23 in 2011–February 2012. Disease areas included rheumatoid arthritis (28%), osteoarthritis (16.6%), and general musculoskeletal disorders (43%). Sixty-six reports (57.9%) evaluated psychometric properties of existing scales and 35 (30.7%) involved development of new scales. Nine articles (7.9%) were on methodology illustration. Four articles were on item banking and computer adaptive testing. A majority of the articles reported fit statistics, while the basic Rasch model assumption (i.e., unidimensionality) was examined in only 57.2% of the articles. An improvement in reporting qualities with Rasch articles was noted over time. In addition, only 11.4% of the articles provided a transformation table for interval scale measurement in clinical practice.Conclusion.The Rasch model has been increasingly used in rheumatology over the last 2 decades in a wide range of applications. The majority of the articles demonstrated reasonable quality of reporting. Improvements in quality of reporting over time were revealed.

Arachnoid web of the spine: a systematic literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton L. Nisson ◽  
Ibrahim Hussain ◽  
Roger Härtl ◽  
Samuel Kim ◽  
Ali A. Baaj
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEAn arachnoid web of the spine (AWS) is a rare and oftentimes challenging lesion to diagnose, given its subtle radiographic findings. However, when left untreated, this lesion can have devastating effects on a patient’s neurological function. To date, only limited case reports and series have been published on this topic. In this study, the authors sought to better describe this lesion, performing a systematic literature review and including 2 cases from their institution’s experience.METHODSA systematic literature search was performed in September 2018 that queried Ovid MEDLINE (1946–2018), PubMed (1946–2018), Wiley Cochrane Library: Central Register of Controlled Trials (1898–2018), and Thompson Reuters Web of Science: Citation Index (1900–2018), per PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria specified all studies and case reports of patients with an AWS in which any relevant surgery types were considered and applied. Studies on arachnoid cysts and nonhuman populations, and those that did not report patient treatments or outcomes were excluded from the focus review.RESULTSA total of 19 records and 2 patients treated by the senior authors were included in the systematic review, providing a total of 43 patients with AWS. The mean age was 52 years (range 28–77 years), and the majority of patients were male (72%, 31/43). A syrinx was present in 67% (29/43) of the cases. All AWSs were located in the thoracic spine, and all but 2 (95%) were located dorsally (1 ventrally and 1 circumferentially). Weakness was the most frequently reported symptom (67%, 29/43), followed by numbness and/or sensory loss (65%, 28/43). Symptoms predominated in the lower extremities (81%, 35/43). It was found that nearly half (47%, 20/43) of patients had been experiencing symptoms for 1 year or longer before surgical intervention was performed, and 35% (15/43) of reports stated that symptoms were progressive in nature. The most commonly used surgical technique was a laminectomy with intradural excision of the arachnoid web (86%, 36/42). Following surgery, 91% (39/43) of patients had reported improvement in their neurological symptoms. The mean follow-up was 9.2 months (range 0–51 months).CONCLUSIONSAWS of the spine can be a debilitating disease of the spine with no more than an indentation of the spinal cord found on advanced imaging studies. The authors found this lesion to be reported in twice as many males than females, to be associated with a syrinx more than two-thirds of the time, and to only have been reported in the thoracic spine; over 90% of patients experienced improvement in their neurological function following surgery.

Cytology in Anal Cancer Screening: Practical Review for Clinicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening

The incidence and mortality of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are expected to continue to increase in the next 20 years. High-risk groups for anal SCC, i.e., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, men who have sex with men (MSM), women with previous genital neoplasia, and solid-organ transplant recipients, have been identified. HIV-positive MSM have the highest risk, and some societies have advocated for anal cancer screening to be done in this population. Screening for anal SCC follows the same principles as that for cervical cancer since there are similarities between the two types of cancers. Anal cytology has been recommended as an initial screening method for high-risk groups, e.g., HIV-positive MSM. Normally, the cytology is liquid based and collected blindly by a clinician using a Dacron swab and it is especially used for internal lesions detection. The sensitivity to predict anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions is higher in immunosuppressed patients with a high burden of the disease. The report should include the classification, normally according to the Bethesda terminology and the sample adequacy, in a manner similar to that for cervical cytology. In cases involving unsatisfactory samples, it is important to repeat the procedure given the prevalence of anal squamous cytological abnormalities in follow-up cytology procedures. The absence of transformation zone cells in anal cytology seems to increase the risk of false-negative results.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy in Middle-European Rheumatoid Arthritis-Patients: A Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Analysis With Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Désirée Jack ◽  
Rick McCutchan ◽  
Sarah Maier ◽  
Michael Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To assess polypharmacy and related medication aspects in Middle-European rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to discuss the results in view of a systematic literature review.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, charts were reviewed from RA-patients consecutively recruited between September 27, 2017 and April 29, 2019. Drugs were assigned to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) groups as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results were compared to those of a systematic literature review.Results: One hundred seventy-five consecutive RA-patients were included. The mean number of drugs was 6.6 ± 3.5, with 2.4 ± 1.2 drugs taken specifically for RA—compared to 2.6 in the literature. 33.7% of patients experienced polypharmacy defined by ≥5 drugs, compared to 61.6% in the literature–with women affected more frequently than men. After 7 years of follow-up, the number of drugs increased in all ATC-groups by an average of 12.7 %, correlating with age (Corrcoeff = 0.46) and comorbidities (Corrcoeff = 0.599). In the literature, polypharmacy is not always defined precisely, and has not been considered in management guidelines so far.Conclusion: Polypharmacy is a frequent issue in RA-management. With an increasing number of comorbidities during the course of the disease, polypharmacy becomes even more relevant.

scholarly journals Recommendations Favoring Anal Cytology as a Method for Anal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Albuquerque ◽  
Elisabete Rios ◽  
Fernando Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening

Clinicians are increasingly facing the decision of performing anal cancer screening in high-risk groups. Anal cytology is commonly the first approach. We systematically reviewed recommendations favoring anal cytology for anal cancer screening. Three databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, from January 2007 to 12 September 2019. The references cited by the retrieved articles and the websites of relevant organizations were also searched without language restrictions. Studies reporting guidelines from regional or national societies, institutes, or groups were included. Eight papers met the inclusion criteria and were selected, five were from the United States of America (USA) and three from Europe. There were no national recommendations published. There was one guideline specifically for solid-organ transplant recipients. The other seven targeted HIV-positive patients, with HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) included as a screening group in all of these. Two recommendations favored screening in all HIV-positive patients. Five recommendations targeting HIV-positive patients made considerations about the cytology follow-up, recommending at least annual cytology in case of a normal result, and in case of squamous cytological abnormalities, a referral for anoscopy/high-resolution anoscopy. There were no recommendations for upper and lower age limits for screening. In conclusion, several societies recommend anal cancer screening using anal cytology in HIV-positive MSM patients. There is a lack of screening recommendations for other high-risk groups, with only one society recommending screening in transplant recipients.

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