CHRYSALIS-2: A phase 1/1b study of lazertinib as monotherapy and in combination with amivantamab in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS9132-TPS9132
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Shu ◽  
Koichi Goto ◽  
Byoung Chul Cho ◽  
Frank Griesinger ◽  
James Chih-Hsin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Phase 1B ◽  
Expansion Cohort ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Egfr Tki

TPS9132 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved clinical outcomes for patients with EGFR mutant (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, patients will inevitably progress due to acquired resistance mutations. Lazertinib is a potent, brain-penetrant, 3rd-generation EGFR TKI with efficacy against activating EGFR and resistance T790M mutations. Amivantamab is an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with immune cell-directing activity that targets activating EGFR and MET mutations. Synergistic inhibition of the EGFR by targeting the receptor’s extracellular domain with amivantamab and the kinase domain with lazertinib, may lead to more potent inhibition of the EGFR pathway and potentially delay resistance. In the ongoing CHRYSALIS phase 1 study (NCT02609776), preliminary antitumor activity has been demonstrated with the combination of lazertinib and amivantamab in patients with treatment-naïve and osimertinib-relapsed EGFRm NSCLC (Cho Ann Oncol 2020;31:S813). Methods: CHRYSALIS-2 is an ongoing phase 1/1b open-label study of lazertinib as monotherapy and in combination with amivantamab in patients with advanced EGFRm NSCLC (NCT04077463; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04077463 ). Phase 1 of the study has confirmed the safety and tolerability of lazertinib monotherapy in Japanese patients. The objective of phase 1b is to characterize the preliminary efficacy of lazertinib in combination with amivantamab in subpopulations of patients with EGFRm NSCLC (Phase 1b Expansion Cohorts) at the recommended combination dose of 1050 mg (1400 mg, ≥80 kg) IV amivantamab dosed weekly in cycle 1 (28-day cycle), every other week thereafter, and 240 mg oral lazertinib QD. Global enrollment in Phase 1b Expansion Cohorts is currently ongoing. Expansion Cohort A is enrolling patients who have progressed on 1st or 2nd-line osimertinib followed by platinum chemotherapy; Expansion Cohort B is enrolling patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion (Exon20ins) mutation who have progressed on prior therapy; and Expansion Cohort C is enrolling patients with uncommon non-Exon20ins EGFR mutations (i.e., S768I, L861Q, G719X) who are treatment-naïve or received 1st or 2nd-generation EGFR TKI as last therapy. The primary endpoints of the study are frequency of dose-limiting toxicity for phase 1 and 1b combination cohorts, and overall response rate for phase 1b expansion cohorts. Key secondary endpoints include safety (adverse events), pharmacokinetics, duration of response, clinical benefit rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Safety assessments will include monitoring AEs, clinical laboratory tests, ophthalmologic examination, ECG, and ECHO/MUGA. Blood samples will be collected to access PK. Tumor response will be assessed every 6 weeks by the investigator using RECIST, v1.1. Clinical trial information: NCT04077463.

Phase IB study of olaparib (AZD2281) plus gefitinib in EGFR-mutant patients (p) with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NCT01513174/GECP-GOAL).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2581-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario García Campelo ◽  
Enriqueta Felip ◽  
Bartomeu Massuti ◽  
Margarita Majem ◽  
Enric Carcereny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Phase Ib ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Egfr Tki

2581 Background: Progression-free survival (PFS) and response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) vary in p with NSCLC driven by EGFR mutations. In our experience, high BRCA1 mRNA expression was associated with shorter PFS in EGFR-mutant p treated with erlotinib. We hypothesized that since olaparib downregulates BRCA1 expression, the addition of olaparib to gefitinib could improve PFS in these p. Methods: This is a Phase IB dose escalation study to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose limiting toxicity (DLT), pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity of orally administered olaparib in combination with gefitinib in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC p. In a standard 3+3 design, p were treated with gefitinib 250mg once daily plus olaparib tablets at escalating doses ranging from 100mg BID to 250mg TDS during a 28-day cycle. Results: 18 p have been included across four dose levels of olaparib: 100mg BID (3), 200mg BID (6), 200mg TDS (3) and 250mg TDS (6). Median age, 69; male, 4; PS 0, 17; EGFR TKI treatment-naïve, 10. Toxicities: anemia (66.6%), leucopenia (33.3%), nausea (33.3%), diarrhea (33.3%), asthenia (27.7%), rash (22.2%) vomiting (11%), decreased appetite (16%), and hyperlipasemia (5.5%). Most toxicities were G1-2; G3 drug-related events included leucopenia (1) and anemia (3). No DLT at dose levels 1, 2, and 3; 1 DLT at dose level 4 (G3 anemia and repeated blood transfusion within 4-6 weeks). Few dose reductions or interruptions were needed. 1 p died due to pulmonary embolism unrelated to treatment. Partial responses (PR) were observed in 7 p (41.1%), all EGFR TKI-naïve; stable disease (SD) in 7 (41.1%), most previously treated; progressive disease (PD) in 3 (17.6%), all previously treated. Durable PR and SD were observed in EGFR TKI-naïve and previously treated p. 8 patients are still on treatment. Enrollment to dose level 4 will be completed in February 2013. Conclusions: This phase IB trial of gefitinib plus olaparib, has confirmed the activity and tolerability of the combination. The final recommended dose of olaparib is expected to be between 200 and 250 mg TDS. A phase II randomized trial in treatment-naïve EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC will be opened in 2013. Clinical trial information: NCT0151317.

The combination of EGFR-TKIs and anlotinib as a first-line therapy for EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter, single-arm, phase II clinical trial.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9030-9030
Author(s):  
Zhiyong He ◽  
Jinghui Lin ◽  
Yueming He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Dongyong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Egfr Tkis

9030 Background: Currently,EGFR-TKIs are widely accepted as the standard treatment for EGFR- mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, acquired resistance is inevitable. Combination therapy is considered as a strategy to overcome the resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Anlotinib, a novel multi-targeting, small-molecule TKI, has shown active to suppress tumor angiogenesis and growth. However, there is still a lack of evidence supporting the use of EGFR-TKIs in combination with anlotinib for the treatment of NSCLC until now. A multi-center, single-arm, phase II clinical trial was therefore designed to examine the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs combined with anlotinib for treatment-naïve, advanced NSCLC patients, and unravel the possible mechanisms. Methods: This study was conducted in 14 research centers in Fujian, China. The main eligibility criteria were stage IV or relapsed nonsquamous NSCLC with EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion,, and L858R), ECOG score 0-2,and age 20 to 75 years and no previous systemic treatment. Patients with asymptomatic brain metastases were admitted.Eligible patients were given gefitinib (250 mg QD) or icotinib (125 mg TID) in combination with anlotinib (10 mg per day, on days 1‒14; 21 days per cycle) until disease progression. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) and safety, and the secondary endpoint is overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR).Peripheral blood was sampled pre-treatment, once every two months during treatment and after disease progression, and T790M mutation was detected in plasma ctDNA using a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. Results: Of 60 patients enrolled (August 2, 2018 to May 28, 2020). As of February 1, 2021, 37 patients (61.7%) experienced PFS events and 10 (16.7%) died. The ORR was 78.3%, and the DCR was100%.Median PFS was 13.0 months (95%CI,10.7-15.3).The 5 most common treatment-related adverse events included rash (63.3%), fatigue (55.0%), hypertension (48.3%), diarrhea (33.3%) and hand-foot syndrome (30.0%), and grade 3 adverse events included hypertension (5.0%), rash (1.67%), hypertriglyceridemia (1.67%), vomiting (1.67%) and elevated ALT (1.67%); no grade 4 adverse events or drug-related deaths were observed. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 36 patients pre-treatment, and 30.6% were identified with low-frequency de novo T790M mutations, with the mutation-allele frequency (MAF) ranging from 0.01% to 0.28%. Conclusions: The combination of the first-generation EGFR-TKIs and anlotinib shows impressive ORR and DCR, and acceptable toxicity in treatment-naïve advanced NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations, and we observed a high proportion of patients harboring de novo EGFR T790M mutations in this study. Clinical trial information: NCT03720873.

scholarly journals Concurrent Genetic Alterations and Other Biomarkers Predict Treatment Efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijia Guo ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Yanru Wang ◽  
Letian Huang ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Egfr Tki ◽  
Egfr Tkis ◽  
Gene Alterations

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) greatly improve the survival and quality of life of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations. However, many patients exhibit de novo or primary/early resistance. In addition, patients who initially respond to EGFR-TKIs exhibit marked diversity in clinical outcomes. With the development of comprehensive genomic profiling, various mutations and concurrent (i.e., coexisting) genetic alterations have been discovered. Many studies have revealed that concurrent genetic alterations play an important role in the response and resistance of EGFR-mutant NSCLC to EGFR-TKIs. To optimize clinical outcomes, a better understanding of specific concurrent gene alterations and their impact on EGFR-TKI treatment efficacy is necessary. Further exploration of other biomarkers that can predict EGFR-TKI efficacy will help clinicians identify patients who may not respond to TKIs and allow them to choose appropriate treatment strategies. Here, we review the literature on specific gene alterations that coexist with EGFR mutations, including common alterations (intra-EGFR [on target] co-mutation, TP53, PIK3CA, and PTEN) and driver gene alterations (ALK, KRAS, ROS1, and MET). We also summarize data for other biomarkers (e.g., PD-L1 expression and BIM polymorphisms) associated with EGFR-TKI efficacy.

EGFR-TKI benefit for NSCLC patients with EML4-ALK rearrangement.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18035-e18035
Author(s):  
Zhijie Wang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yi Long Wu ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
Xu-Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Alk Rearrangement ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Egfr Tki

e18035 Background: EML4-ALK rearrangement defines a new molecular subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To identify the biological profiles of these patients, we examined the clinico-pathologic characteristics and treatment outcomes of NSCLC patients based on EML4-ALK and EGFR mutations. Methods: Patients with stage IV NSCLC were screened for EML4-ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutations at Peking University Cancer Hospital. EML4-ALK was identified using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and EGFR mutations were determined using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Results: Of the 151 patients screened, 113 had complete follow-up data as an analysis set. The incidence of EML4-ALK was 9.7% (11/113) using FISH, in which 10 cases had sufficient specimens for IHC confirmation and all were positive. Overall, EML4-ALK and EGFR mutations were largely mutually exclusive (p = 0.033), although two patients harbored concurrent mutations. EML4-ALK rearrangement was associated with resistance to EGFR-TKIs compared with the EGFR mutant type and WT/Nonrearrangement type (p = 0.001 for objective response rate; p = 0.004 for disease control rate; p = 0.021 for progression-free survival [PFS]). In terms of patients who received platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, no significant differences were observed in PFS between the EML4-ALK type, EGFR mutant type, and WT/Nonrearrangement type. Moreover, two patients with concurrent EML4-ALK and EGFR mutations had superior PFS after EGFR-TKI compared with single EML4-ALK-rearranged patients. Conclusions: This study presents several biological features of EML4-ALK NSCLC. It is largely mutually exclusive to EGFR mutations, resistant to EGFR-TKI. Coexistence of ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutation in patients with advanced NSCLC might represent a separate genotype with unique biological characteristics.

A phase 1 study of osimertinib and bevacizumab as initial treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9033-9033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Alexandra Yu ◽  
Sara A. Hayes ◽  
Robert J. Young ◽  
Ai Ni ◽  
Christopher Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Egfr Tki ◽  
Egfr T790m ◽  
First Line Treatment

9033 Background: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the recommended first line treatment for EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Osimertinib, an EGFR TKI that inhibits both sensitizing EGFR mutations and EGFR T790M, is approved for use after progression on an EGFR TKI with evidence of EGFR T790M, and is currently being assessed as initial treatment for EGFR-mutant lung cancers. The addition of bevacizumab to erlotinib resulted in improved progression free survival (PFS) compared to erlotinib alone as initial treatment (16 vs 10 months, HR 0.41). This phase 1/2 study is assessing osimertinib and bevacizumab as initial treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Methods: We evaluated toxicity and efficacy of osimertinib and bevacizumab as initial treatment for patients with advanced EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Using a 3+3 design, full doses of osimertinib (80mg PO daily) and bevacizumab (15mg/kg IV q3 weeks) were given, with a planned dose de-escalation (osimertinib 40mg PO daily) should grade 3 or greater toxicity be seen. Six patients must be treated without a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) to determine the MTD. 43 additional patients will be treated at the MTD in the phase 2 study, with a primary endpoint of PFS at 12 months. Response was evaluated by RECIST 1.1. Results: From Sept 2016 to Jan 2017, 15 patients were enrolled. Median age: 63; Women 11; EGFR L858R = 8, Ex19del = 6, G709A/G719S = 1. After median duration of treatment of 2.7 months, no DLTs were seen in any patient. The MTD was determined to be osimertinib 80mg, bevacizumab 15mg/kg q3 weeks. In total, 15 patients are being treated at the MTD to date. Treatment-related adverse events (AE) were all grade 1-2, except for grade 3 hypertension. The most frequent treatment-related AEs (any grade) were rash (53%), diarrhea (40%), hypertension (33%), fatigue (20%), and itching (20%). All 15 patients continue on study. Conclusions: Combination osimertinib and bevacizumab is a tolerable first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers and the MTD is osimertinib 80mg and bevacizumab 15mg/kg q3 weeks. Assessment of efficacy with an endpoint of PFS at 12 months is ongoing. Supported by AstraZeneca (NCT02803203). Clinical trial information: NCT02803203.

miR-200c in extracellular vesicles as a circulating biomarker of EGFR-TKI response and a mediator of EGFR-TKI sensitivity in heterogeneous NSCLC.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20547-e20547
Author(s):  
Chienchung Lin ◽  
Wu-Chou Su
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mutant Cell ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Wild Type Cell ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Egfr Tki

e20547 Background: Through intercellular transfer of EV(extracellular vesicles) miRNA, tumor cells can confer drug resistance to each other and contribute to tumor heterogeneity. However, the mechanisms why EGFR-TKI can be effective in heterogeneous NSCLC with low abundances of EGFR mutations remain unknown. The aim of the study is to investigate the significance of EV miRNA in mediating the efficacy of EGFR-TKI in heterogeneous NSCLC and serving as the biomarker of response to EGFR-TKI. Methods: We first evaluate if EVs from EGFR mutant cell (PC9) can affect EGFR-TKI sensitivity of EGFR wild type cell (CL1-5, H1299) in vitro co-culture system and i n vivo. We then identified the differential miRNA panel by comparing EVs from PC9 to those from CL1-5. Finally, we verified if the expressions level of these miRNA are different in blood EVs from patient with good response compared to those with poor response to EGFR-TKI. Results: We first verified that CL1-5 can take up labelled EVs from PC9 under time-lapse microscope and EGFR mutant DNA can be detected in recipient EGFR wild-type cell using digital PCR. We found EVs from PC9 enhanced gefitinib sensitivity of CL1-5. And co-culturing PC9 with CL1-5 enhanced CL1-5 gefitinib sensitivity which was reversed by adding GW4789, the inhibitor of exosome secretion. In subcutaneous CL1-5 animal model, in comparison to treating with gefitinib or PC9 EVs alone, only the combination treatment with gefitinib and PC9 EVs delayed cancer growth. Using small RNA sequencing, we identified a unique miRNA profile allowing discriminating EV from PC9 cells to those from CL1-5; MiRNA 200 family including 200a, 200b, 200c and mir429 were up-regulated significantly in PC9 EV. From Aug 2015 to Sep 2017, sixteen patients with good response (PFS > 12M) or poor response (PFS < 6M) to EGFR-TKI were enrolled and blood were collected for EV miRNA isolation. Ten of these blood samples were qualified for miRNA analysis and mir200a and 200c were found up-regulated in good responder to EGFR-TKI. The transfection of mir200c in CL1-5 cells not only inhibited the oncogenic pathway contributing to EGFR-TKI resistance including Stat3, Akt, EMT and BIM pathway but also enhanced gefitinib sensitivity of CL1-5 cells. Conclusions: Our data suggested mir200c from blood EV serve as a biomarker of response to EGFR-TKI and mir200c may mediate EGFR-TKI sensitivity in heterogenous EGFR mutant NSCLC.

Impact of HER2 aberrations on EGFR-TKI treatment outcomes in lung tumors harboring EGFR mutations: A HER2-CS STUDY subset analysis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9056-9056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroe Kayatani ◽  
Keisuke Aoe ◽  
Kadoaki Ohashi ◽  
Hiroshige Yoshioka ◽  
Akihiro Bessho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Her2 Protein ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Tki Treatment ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Egfr Mutated ◽  
Egfr Tki ◽  
Egfr Tkis

9056 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a key treatment for EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). To date, a biomarker to predict whether NSCLC will exhibit a short- or long-term response to first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs has not been established for clinical use. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) aberrations are mechanisms for acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs; however, their impact on EGFR-TKI therapy outcomes in EGFR-mutant NSCLC has not yet been systematically evaluated. Methods: Patients with advanced NSCLC were prospectively registered from more than 35 institutes (HER2-CS STUDY UMIN 000017003). EGFR mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene translocations were assessed at each institution using a commercially approved test. HER2 protein expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the Ventana I-VIEW PATHWAY anti-HER-2/neu (4B5). The IHC status scoring system applied to gastric cancer was used. Results: Of 1,126 screened patients with NSCLC, 354 (31.8%) had EGFR-mutated tumors, and the HER2 protein statuses were as follows: IHC0 (n = 71, 26%), IHC1+ (n = 148, 53%), IHC2+ (n = 51, 18%), and IHC3+ (n = 7, 3%). The patients’ demographics were almost identical in those with lung tumors harboring EGFR mutations and HER2-IHC2+/3+ (group P) or EGFR mutations and HER2-IHC0/1 (group N). The EGFR-TKI response rates were not different between these groups (Table). However, group P showed significantly shorter time to EGFR-TKI treatment failure than group N (median 19.1 vs. 13.3 months; log rank p = 0.038). Conclusions: These data from a large prospective cohort show that HER2 protein expression in EGFR-mutant NSCLC may have a negative impact on the effect of EGFR-TKIs. A clinical trial of EGFR/HER2-TKIs (e.g., afatinib) is warranted for this population. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Differences in Immunological Landscape between EGFR-Mutated and Wild-Type Lung Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jia-Wei Luo ◽  
Yan-Hua Guo ◽  
Feng-Ying Wu ◽  
Xue-Fei Li ◽  
Xue-Cheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Egfr Mutant

Recent clinical trials of lung adenocarcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors revealed that lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations have a poor response to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms have not been addressed. We performed immunohistochemistry analyses of resected lung adenocarcinoma tissues with and without EGFR mutations to investigate and compare the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We retrospectively enrolled a total of 323 lung adenocarcinoma patients (164 had EGFR mutations), and their corresponding tissue samples were analyzed by the EGFR mutation test and immunohistochemistry. We selected the markers of the immune checkpoint molecule (PD1, PD-L1, and LAG-3) and immune cell (CD3, CD4, CD8, and Foxp3) as markers of the tumor microenvironment. Our results revealed that patients had a distinct tumor microenvironment between EGFR-mutant and wild-type lung adenocarcinomas; the expression of CD3, CD4, PD-L1, and Foxp3 in EGFR-mutant tumors was significantly higher than that in wild-type tumors, while the expression of LAG3 and PD-1 showed a positive correlation with EGFR-wild-type tumors. In survival analysis, EGFR-wild-type patients had longer disease-free survival (DFS) than EGFR-mutant patients ( P = 0.0065 ). Our research demonstrates significant differences in tumor microenvironment composition between EGFR-mutant and wild-type patients. Our findings provide novel evidence that contributes to understanding the mechanism underlying the poor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

scholarly journals Hypothesis generative head-to-head study comparing efficacy of afatinib and osimertinib based on immunological biomarkers in Japanese NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations (Heat on Beat study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175883592096725
Author(s):  
Kei Morikawa ◽  
Hisashi Tanaka ◽  
Hidetoshi Itani ◽  
Saori Takata ◽  
Satoshi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Egfr Tki ◽  
Egfr Tkis

Background: In the FLAURA trial, superiority of osimertinib over the standard of care (SOC) was not demonstrated in Asian patients; SOC seemed favorable among Japanese patients (hazard ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 0.82–2.33). Three reasons are suggested: since rechallenge with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is covered by health insurance in Japan, EGFR-TKI rechallenge rate was higher in SOC than in the osimertinib group, which resulted in a long-term sequential administration of EGFR-TKIs; treatment discontinuation rate was high in the osimertinib group due to adverse events such as interstitial pneumonia among Japanese patients. EGFR-TKIs enhance tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity of T cells, especially first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs, which are more active against various cells with wild-type EGFR, including regulatory T cells. Consequently, subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy seemed more promising in the SOC group. Therefore, optimal first-line EGFR-TKI for EGFR-mutant advanced lung cancer may not have been identified in Japanese patients. Methods: The Heat on Beat study is a randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II study to compare OS between initial treatment with afatinib and osimertinib in treatment-naïve patients with advanced or recurrent EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Exploration of immunomonitoring through peripheral blood mononuclear cells will also be performed, before, during, and after treatment. Treatment-naïve EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients ( N = 100) will be randomized to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. The co-primary endpoints are 3-year survival rate and characterization of immune environment associated with response to afatinib, osimertinib, or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Enrollment will start in May 2020 at 28 sites in Japan and continue for 1 year, with 3-year follow-up. Discussion: Because there is no clinical trial comparing second- with third-generation EGFR-TKI for advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC, our study would provide a major impact on clinical practice. Trial registration Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCTs031190221, registered date: 25 February 2020, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs031190221

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