The Body Scientific Literature

2007 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Habitat partitioning, habits and convergence among coastal nektonic fish species from the São Sebastião Channel, southeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Zaniolo Gibran
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Performance ◽  
Intimate Link

Based on a fish survey and preliminary underwater observations, 17 "morphotypes" were identified that characterize the morphological diversity found within 27 nektonic fish species sampled at São Sebastião Channel. Such "morphotypes" were studied using an ecomorphological approach, with the intention to investigate similarities and differences in shape and habits. Underwater field observations were also performed, to verify if the lifestyle of these species, such as vertical occupation of the water column and the habitat use, are in accordance with their distribution in the morphospace. The results, complemented with data from scientific literature on the taxonomy and phylogenies of these species, allowed discussing some of the typical cases of convergent and divergent evolution. Some of the ecomorphological clusters had no phylogenetic support although this is probably due to the environmental conditions in which theirs members have evolved. The body shape and fins positions of a fish clearly influence its ecological performance and habitat use, corroborating the ecomorphological hypothesis on the intimate link between phenotype and ecology.

Our Big Hearts

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-174
Author(s):  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Affective Science ◽  
Innate Ideas ◽  
The Face

Can you tell what a stranger feels just by looking at their face? Could you distinguish fear from anger even in a person from an entirely unfamiliar culture (without having the opportunity to learn about it from experience)? Laypeople assume they can, because they believe that emotions are inborn, and they are universally imprinted on the body, both externally, on the face, and internally (I sense anxiety in the rumbling of my gut). In fact, people believe that emotions are innate precisely because they believe that emotions are “in the body.” So strong is their conviction that they will insist on their belief even when told that the emotions in question are in fact acquired. Our tendency to view “warm” feelings as embodied and innate is the exact mirror image of our tendency to view “cold” concepts as ephemeral and disembodied. A review of the scientific literature reveals that similar presumptions also plague the debate on universal emotions in affective science. Chapter 10 shows how Essentialism (a principle invoked to explain our aversion to innate ideas) also promotes the promiscuous presumption of innate emotions by laypeople and scientists alike.

scholarly journals A Review of the Appropriate Nutrition Welfare Criteria of Dairy Donkeys: Nutritional Requirements, Farm Management Requirements and Animal-Based Indicators

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Raspa ◽  
Laura Cavallarin ◽  
Amy K. McLean ◽  
Domenico Bergero ◽  
Emanuela Valle
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Condition Score

Data are available in the scientific literature concerning the quality and usefulness of donkey milk for human consumption. However, there is a lack of studies related to the understanding of the welfare of dairy donkeys. The only attempt, at a European Union level, to assess the welfare of donkeys is that of the Animal Welfare Indicator’s (AWIN) welfare assessment protocol for donkeys, where the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria have been assessed, but only through the evaluation of the body condition score. However, several other indicators that take into account the importance of good feeding welfare principles should be considered for the correct management of dairy donkeys. Therefore, it is hoped that this review of the available scientific literature will be useful to help establish a set of appropriate welfare requirements and indicators for the management of dairy donkeys. The review is aimed at identifying and discussing other requirements and indicators, such as nutritional requirements, farm management requirements and animal-based indicators, which may be important for the correct assessment of the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria and to establish best practices for the feeding of dairy donkeys.

scholarly journals The potential of epigenetic methods to provide evidence of torture

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Paula Suárez-López
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Epigenetic Marks ◽  
Ethical Implications

Introduction: The last five decades have wit- nessed a transition from brutal forms of physi- cal torture to other physical and psychological methods that do not leave marks on the body. Providing evidence of these types of torture is often a challenge. Finding biological markers of torture would potentially contribute to solve this problem. Methods: Scientific literature review. Results: Methods to analyse certain biological marks present in the genetic material (the DNA), called epigenetic marks, have been developed in recent years. These marks can change in response to environmental factors, but these changes do not alter the genetic information contained in the DNA. Changes in epigenetic marks have been correlated with traumatic stress. Given that torture is an extreme form of trauma, this article argues that torture may also be associated with epigenetic changes. Discussion: Epigenetic methods offer a new tool that might be useful for the medico-legal documentation of cases of torture. Given that these methods have not been used for this purpose yet, they should be tested. Whether they have potential to contribute to determine the severity of suffering, establish a severity threshold or design strategies for the rehabilitation of torture survivors is discussed. The advantages and limitations of these methods, as well as ethical implications, must be taken into account.

scholarly journals Dissemination and clinical and hematological manifestations in cat cestodes

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
L. Solovіova ◽  
I. Ligomina ◽  
S. Rublenko
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Hematological Manifestations

The materials of the presented research cover the issues of the spread of cestodes of cats in the Solomyansky district of Kyiv (according to the veterinary clinic Vet Alliance). After analyzing the relevant scientific literature, the epizootic situation of dipilidiosis and mesocestoidosis of cats in the metropolis was analyzed. Studies have shown that more than 50 % of parasitic diseases in cats occur in associated forms, among which the most common are toxocariasis, dipilidiosis, mesocestoidosis, ktenocephalidosis (flea infestation) and otodectosis. The monoform of invasions occurred only in 14.7 % of registered cases. The spread of diplidiosis and mesocestoidosis was characterized by seasonality – the peak of the lesion cats were observed in September-October. The most susceptible to infection Dipylidium caninum and Mesocestoides lineatus were kittens under the age of six months. The clinical condition and hematological parameters of kittens with dipilidiosis were also studied. Depression, anemia of the conjunctiva and mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, indigestion, dry cough were found. All cats had dull fur, and numerous dark brown spots and live fleas were observed on the skin, especially in the lumbar region. These data indicate a violation of erythropoiesis in feline dipilidiosis, which was characterized by erythrocytopenia and leukocytosis. Significant eosinophilia, an increase in the number of rod-shaped, and a decrease in segmental neutrophils were also found compared with clinically healthy animals. The results of biochemical blood tests of sick cats were important to clarify the features of the pathogenesis of dipilidiosis. Changes in blood biochemical parameters were characterized by a probably reduced content of hemoglobin, total protein and albumin. This indicates not only a violation of erythropoiesis, but also a violation of the protein-synthesizing function of the liver, because the pathological process involves various organs and systems of the body. Key words: feline dipilidiosis, feline mesocestoidosis, prevalence, clinical condition, hematological parameters, pulse rate, mucosal anemia, indigestion.

scholarly journals Exploring food contents in scientific literature with FoodMine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest Hooton ◽  
Giulia Menichetti ◽  
Albert-László Barabási
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
The Many

Abstract Thanks to the many chemical and nutritional components it carries, diet critically affects human health. However, the currently available comprehensive databases on food composition cover only a tiny fraction of the total number of chemicals present in our food, focusing on the nutritional components essential for our health. Indeed, thousands of other molecules, many of which have well documented health implications, remain untracked. To explore the body of knowledge available on food composition, we built FoodMine, an algorithm that uses natural language processing to identify papers from PubMed that potentially report on the chemical composition of garlic and cocoa. After extracting from each paper information on the reported quantities of chemicals, we find that the scientific literature carries extensive information on the detailed chemical components of food that is currently not integrated in databases. Finally, we use unsupervised machine learning to create chemical embeddings, finding that the chemicals identified by FoodMine tend to have direct health relevance, reflecting the scientific community’s focus on health-related chemicals in our food.

Gunshot-Related Injuries to the Foot & Ankle: Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Gonzalez ◽  
Jorge Briceno ◽  
Brian Velasco ◽  
Philip Kaiser ◽  
Derek Stenquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Level

Gunshot-related injuries remain a significant and important cause of global morbidity and cost. The foot and ankle has certain anatomic and functional considerations that make gunshot-related injuries challenging to manage. While the scientific literature regarding gunshot-related injuries is extensive, little of the existing literature focuses on the foot and ankle. While principles of management can be somewhat extrapolated from the current literature, an understanding of the body of work specific to the foot and ankle is valuable. Therefore, this review provides an overview of ballistic injuries to the foot and ankle as well as specific guidelines to aid surgeons in treating these difficult injuries. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.

scholarly journals REVIEW: STUDY THE ROLE OF CHINA ACUPUNCTURE AND "GI" ACUPUNCTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Risna Agustina ◽  
Andreanus A. Soemardji ◽  
Felesia Fanty ◽  
Lia Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Chinese Acupuncture ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Alternative And Complementary Therapy

This article discusses the scientific literature review on Chinese acupuncture and "GI"  acupuncture as an attempt therapy many cases, besides that specifically studied the effectiveness of traditional acupuncture china to stress with "GI" acupuncture. Chinese acupuncture is an acupuncture method that was developed in China since ± 2000 years ago, while "GI" acupuncture is a method of acupuncture that was developed at the Institute Technology Bandung by acupuncturists Gunawan Ismail (Alm) is slightly different from the traditional Chinese acupuncture, where acupuncture "GI "based on a 7 acupuncture points on the body for ase points determined based of Java massage. Each method studied acupuncture and its role as a therapeutic efforts on a variety of cases, and the results of the study showed some success in handling cases of diseases such as fibromyalgia, stroke and stress. The role of acupuncture GI who want to see here is give the same effectiveness with traditional acupuncture originated from China or even better.

scholarly journals The Body of Mary: Embodiment and Identity in Modern Apparitions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-239
Author(s):  
Jill M. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Theories Of Religion ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Marian Apparitions

In modern Marian apparitions, Mary’s material presence is evoked for believers, who negotiate religious and other identities around her maternal figure. My contention, drawing from material theories of religion and postcolonial theories, and based on ethnographic fieldwork at one apparition site in addition to social scientific literature, is that Roman Catholic devotees of Mary negotiate identities along three trajectories. First, apparitions offer sites for individuals to articulate ethnic and national identities through devotional practices. Second, individuals bring apparitional messages and interpretations to bear on contemporary political concerns. Finally, sites afford opportunities for devotees to foster relationships with Mary as agent. Material and postcolonial theories illustrate how embodiment and presence inform devotees’ identities as children of Mary.

scholarly journals Příjem tekutin během vytrvalostního zatížení – pít podle pocitu žízně, ano nebo ne?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Michal Kumstát
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Hot Environments

In case of insufficient fluid intake, excessive water loss from the body by sweating or a combinationof both factors results in dehydration in athletes. Individually controlled fluid intake during exercisebased on the knowledge of sweating rate is an optimal strategy that allows athletes to control theextent of dehydration and minimises the negative impact on sports performance. However, currentrecommendations are criticised by contemporary literature due to the overestimation of the undesirableeffects of dehydration on sports performance. The “benevolent” strategy of fluid intake duringan exercise, regulated by the dictate of thirst, is being re-evaluated with evidence-based support inthe available scientific literature. The theoretical work aims to critically discuss two contrasting strategiesof fluid intake during endurance exercise, their impact on the progression of dehydration and onathlete’s performance. Recent publications on the topic of autonomous and prescribed fluid intake inthe sport were the background for the discussion. Based on the current literature, autonomous drinkingbehaviour is recommended to majority of athletes participating in an exercise with a duration of< 90 min as it sufficiently prevents from overdrinking. Prescribed drinking regime should be adoptedby endurance athletes in hot environments (> 30 °C) when exercise duration exceeds 90 min and by anelite athlete during daily multiple-session training.

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