Identification and Control of Genotoxic Degradation Products

2014 ◽  
pp. 446-465
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Glyphosate Degradation by Two Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) Isolated from Rhizosphere of Maize

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ezaka ◽  
A. K. Akintokun ◽  
P. O. Akintokun ◽  
L. B. Taiwo ◽  
A. C. O. Uthman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
And Control

This study was aimed at evaluating the possible utilization of glyphosate tolerant plant growth promoting bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus) for bioremediation of glyphosate polluted soil. The soil samples were spiked with 3.1 mg/ml, 7.2 mg/ml and 14.4 mg/ml of glyphosate and then inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus, level of glyphosate pollution before and after inoculation with the bacteria were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) after extraction with acetonitrile. The bacteria showed significant ability to degrade glyphosate. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, their mixed culture and control recorded percentage degradation of 76.11, 85.8, 75.8 and 49%, respectively at 3.1 mg/ml of glyphosate while At the concentration of 7.2 mg/ml, the percentage degradation by P. aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, mixed culture of the isolates and control was 84.9, 72.7, 66.4% and 39.2%, respectively. The isolates also showed significant rate of degradation at the concentration of 14.4 mg/ml. The GC-MS results showed a significant variation in the degradation products obtained when compared with control. This study revealed that substantial amount of glyphosate was degraded by P. aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Hence, they may have great potential in bioremediation of glyphosate polluted soil.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low-GDP Solution on Ultrafiltration and Solute Transport in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Hyang Cho ◽  
Jun-Young Do ◽  
Jong-Won Park ◽  
Kyung-Woo Yoon ◽  
Yong-Lim Kim
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Body Water ◽  
And Control

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported benefits for human peritoneal mesothelial cell function of a neutral-pH dialysate low in glucose degradation products (GDPs). However, the effects of low-GDP solution on ultrafiltration (UF), transport of solutes, and control of body water remain elusive. We therefore investigated the effect of low-GDP solution on UF, solute transport, and control of body water.MethodsAmong 79 new continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, 60 completed a 12-month protocol (28 in a lactate-based high-GDP solution group, 32 in a lactate-based low-GDP solution group). Clinical indices—including 24-hour UF volume (UFV), 24-hour urine volume (UV), residual renal function, and dialysis adequacy—were measured at months 1, 6, and 12. At months 1, 6, and 12, UFV, glucose absorption, 4-hour dialysate-to-plasma (D/P) creatinine, and 1-hour D/P Na+were assessed during a modified 4.25% peritoneal equilibration test (PET). Body composition by bioelectric impedance analysis was measured at months 1 and 12 in 26 CAPD patients.ResultsDaily UFV was lower in the low-GDP group. Despite similar solute transport and aquaporin function, the low-GDP group also showed lower UFV and higher glucose absorption during the PET. Factors associated with UFV during the PET were lactate-based high-GDP solution and 1-hour D/P Na+. No differences in volume status and obesity at month 12 were observed, and improvements in hypervolemia were equal in both groups.ConclusionsCompared with the high-GDP group, the low-GDP group had a lower UFV during a PET and a lower daily UFV during the first year after peritoneal dialysis initiation. Although the low-GDP group had a lower daily UFV, no difficulties in controlling edema were encountered.

scholarly journals Active Site Inhibited Factor VIIa (DEGR VIIa) Attenuates the Coagulant and Interleukin-6 and -8, but not Tumor Necrosis Factor, Responses of the Baboon to LD100Escherichia coli

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1609-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Taylor ◽  
A.C.K. Chang ◽  
G. Peer ◽  
A. Li ◽  
M. Ezban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
And Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Antitissue factor antibody attenuated the coagulopathic and lethal responses to LD100Escherichia coli, whereas active site inhibited factor Xa inhibited only the coagulopathic response. In this study, we wished to determine: (1) whether active site inhibited factor VIIa blocks the coagulopathic and/or attenuates the lethal effects of LD100E coli and (2) whether these effects are accompanied by attenuation of the inflammatory cytokine response to LD100E coli. Eight baboons infused for 2 hours with LD100E coli also were given five bolus infusions of DEGR VIIa of 280 μg/kg at T = −10 minutes, +2, 4, 6, and 8 hours and observed for changes in vital signs, and the concentrations of hemostatic components (fibrinogen, platelets, fibrin degradation products) and inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8) at T = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. Eight control baboons were also infused with LD100E coli alone and followed as described above. Four of the eight baboons treated with DEGR VIIa were permanent 7-day survivors versus none in the control group. The mean survival times for the treated and control groups were 116 ± 22 and 26 ± 8 hours, respectively. These values differed significantly from each other, (P = .0008). The decrease in platelet and fibrinogen concentrations and the increase in fibrin degradation products observed in the control group were significantly attenuated in the treated group, as was thrombosis of renal glomerular capillaries. Treatment with DEGR VIIa showed no effect on the peak TNF response to LD100E coli at T = 2 hours (170 ± 32 v120 ± 35 ng/mL). DEGR VIIa, however, did attenuate the IL-6 and IL-8 responses at T = 8 hours (ie, the IL-6 concentrations were 81 ± 10 for treated and 1,256 ± 236 for the control groups and the IL-8 concentrations were 28 ± 3.9 for the treated and 60 ± 8.2 for the control group). These values for IL-6 and IL-8 differed significantly from each other between the treated and control groups (P = .0001 and .0074, respectively). It should be noted that the initial responses of IL-6 and IL-8 up to T = 4 hours were not attenuated. We concluded that DEGR VIIa treatment attenuates inflammatory, as well as hemostatic system responses to LD100E coli. We hypothesize that this occurs through interference with the assembly and/or interactions of tissue factor/VIIa complexes.

scholarly journals The Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Double-Edged Sword in Microvascular Homeostasis and Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Villalba ◽  
Sheon Baby ◽  
Sarah Y. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Circulating Levels

Expressed on the endothelial cell (EC) surface of blood vessels, the glycocalyx (GCX), a mixture of carbohydrates attached to proteins, regulates the access of cells and molecules in the blood to the endothelium. Besides protecting endothelial barrier integrity, the dynamic microstructure of the GCX confers remarkable functions including mechanotransduction and control of vascular tone. Recently, a novel perspective has emerged supporting the pleiotropic roles of the endothelial GCX (eGCX) in cardiovascular health and disease. Because eGCX degradation occurs in certain pathological states, the circulating levels of eGCX degradation products have been recognized to have diagnostic or prognostic values. Beyond their biomarker roles, certain eGCX fragments serve as pathogenic factors in disease progression. Pharmacological interventions that attenuate eGCX degradation or restore its integrity have been sought. This review provides our current understanding of eGCX structure and function across the microvasculature in different organs. We also discuss disease or injury states, such as infection, sepsis and trauma, where eGCX dysfunction contributes to severe inflammatory vasculopathy.

scholarly journals Changes in soil microbial diversity and control of Fusarium oxysporum in continuous cropping cucumber greenhouses following biofumigation

2018 ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingbo Meng ◽  
Xiaotong Yao, Zichao Yang, Runzhi Zhang, Chunyi Zhang ◽  
X. Wang, N. Xu, S. Li, T. Liu, C. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
And Control

Soil biofumigation with Brassia plant parts has been demonstrated to suppress soil-borne pathogens. This effect has been attributed to the bactericidal effect of their glucosinolate degradation products. However, little is known regarding the effect of biofumigation on the microbial community structure and control of Fusarium oxysporum in continuous cropping cucumber systems. Field and pot experiments were performed to study the effect of biofumigation with brassica crops of different glucosinolate contents on the microbial diversity and control of Fusarium oxysporum during the cucumber growth period in a continuous cropping culture system. Samples collected from biofumigation and control treatments differed in the number of soil bacterial bands observed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling, suggesting that biofumigation changed the soil microbial diversity. Compared with control and chemically-fumigated (HY) soils, the biofumigated soil exhibited significantly higher Shannon-Weaver diversity indices for bacteria and fungi. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that soil bacteria communities were different in the hymexazol (HY)-treated soils compared with the communities before biofumigation (BB) and those in the no fumigation (CK) groups. This was true for the mustard containing high glucosinolates (MHG), mustard containing low glucosinates (MLG), mustard (MU), and turnip (TU) groups. Pot experiments demonstrated that the amounts of Fusarium oxysporum in MHG- and HY-treated soils were significantly lower than those in other biofumigation treatments. These results demonstrate the potential utility of Brassica crops in the control of Fusarium wilt in continuous cucumber cropping systems, and the control effect of MGH was the best compared with other treatments, which could effectively reduce Fusarium oxysporum in soil by more than 60%.

Abnormalities in Clotting and Thrombolysis as a Risk Factor for Stroke

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O Pilgeram
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
And Control

SummaryFour hundred and six patients with ischemic thrombotic cerebrovascular disease (ITCVD) and 115 age-matched controls were studied to select risk factors which would identify ITCVD-prone individuals from a healthy population. The following factors were evaluated : soluble fibrin, plasminogen, plasminogen activator, fibrinogen, partial thromboplastin time, generation of thromboplastin, fibrin degradation products, triglycerides, type IV lipoproteinemia, and cholesterol. Discriminate function analyses were used to select those risk factors which best separate and classify the ITCVD and control subjects. The primary risk factors are the activated partial thromboplastin time, soluble fibrin, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator. Utilizing only these four primary risk factors in a discriminate function, 93.2% of the patients were correctly classified. Consideration of other variables increased still further the dis-criminate function.

scholarly journals Active Site Inhibited Factor VIIa (DEGR VIIa) Attenuates the Coagulant and Interleukin-6 and -8, but not Tumor Necrosis Factor, Responses of the Baboon to LD100Escherichia coli

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1609-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Taylor ◽  
A.C.K. Chang ◽  
G. Peer ◽  
A. Li ◽  
M. Ezban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
And Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Antitissue factor antibody attenuated the coagulopathic and lethal responses to LD100Escherichia coli, whereas active site inhibited factor Xa inhibited only the coagulopathic response. In this study, we wished to determine: (1) whether active site inhibited factor VIIa blocks the coagulopathic and/or attenuates the lethal effects of LD100E coli and (2) whether these effects are accompanied by attenuation of the inflammatory cytokine response to LD100E coli. Eight baboons infused for 2 hours with LD100E coli also were given five bolus infusions of DEGR VIIa of 280 μg/kg at T = −10 minutes, +2, 4, 6, and 8 hours and observed for changes in vital signs, and the concentrations of hemostatic components (fibrinogen, platelets, fibrin degradation products) and inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8) at T = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. Eight control baboons were also infused with LD100E coli alone and followed as described above. Four of the eight baboons treated with DEGR VIIa were permanent 7-day survivors versus none in the control group. The mean survival times for the treated and control groups were 116 ± 22 and 26 ± 8 hours, respectively. These values differed significantly from each other, (P = .0008). The decrease in platelet and fibrinogen concentrations and the increase in fibrin degradation products observed in the control group were significantly attenuated in the treated group, as was thrombosis of renal glomerular capillaries. Treatment with DEGR VIIa showed no effect on the peak TNF response to LD100E coli at T = 2 hours (170 ± 32 v120 ± 35 ng/mL). DEGR VIIa, however, did attenuate the IL-6 and IL-8 responses at T = 8 hours (ie, the IL-6 concentrations were 81 ± 10 for treated and 1,256 ± 236 for the control groups and the IL-8 concentrations were 28 ± 3.9 for the treated and 60 ± 8.2 for the control group). These values for IL-6 and IL-8 differed significantly from each other between the treated and control groups (P = .0001 and .0074, respectively). It should be noted that the initial responses of IL-6 and IL-8 up to T = 4 hours were not attenuated. We concluded that DEGR VIIa treatment attenuates inflammatory, as well as hemostatic system responses to LD100E coli. We hypothesize that this occurs through interference with the assembly and/or interactions of tissue factor/VIIa complexes.

scholarly journals Fibrinogen Degradation Products and Coagulation Parameters in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Ali Sirhindi ◽  
Muhammad Tayyib ◽  
Tahira Tasneem ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Nasir Ahmad Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
And Control ◽  
Study Plan

A study plan was designed to estimate the coagulation parameters like Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen level and fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs). In this study, coagulation parameters were compared in combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and control group. 40 subjects of COCs with 20 normal females without hormonal contraceptive were included in this study. Blood samples were collected for special coagulation parameters. FDPs were significantly elevated in subjects using COCs as compared to normal control. PT and APTT were shortened in COCs. Fibrinogen levels were increased significantly in COCs when compared with control groups.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

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