scholarly journals Reversal of Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Insulin Transport into Cerebrospinal Fluid and Restores Sensitivity to the Anorexic Action of Central Insulin in Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denovan P. Begg ◽  
Joram D. Mul ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Brianne M. Reedy ◽  
David A. D'Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Insulin Transport ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces the ability of centrally administered insulin to reduce feeding behavior and also reduces the transport of insulin from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). The current study was designed to determine whether reversal of high-fat DIO restores the anorexic efficacy of central insulin and whether this is accompanied by restoration of the compromised insulin transport. Adult male Long-Evans rats were initially maintained on either a low-fat chow diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). After 22 weeks, half of the animals on the HFD were changed to the LFD, whereas the other half continued on the HFD for an additional 8 weeks, such that there were 3 groups: 1) a LFD control group (Con; n = 18), 2) a HFD-fed, DIO group (n = 17), and 3) a HFD to LFD, DIO-reversal group (DIO-rev; n = 18). The DIO reversal resulted in a significant reduction of body weight and epididymal fat weight relative to the DIO group. Acute central insulin administration (8 mU) reduced food intake and caused weight loss in Con and DIO-rev but not DIO rats. Fasting cerebrospinal fluid insulin was higher in DIO than Con animals. However, after a peripheral bolus injection of insulin, cerebrospinal fluid insulin increased in Con and DIO-rev rats but not in the DIO group. These data provide support for previous reports that DIO inhibits both the central effects of insulin and insulin's transport to the CNS. Importantly, DIO-rev restored sensitivity to the effects of central insulin on food intake and insulin transport into the CNS.

scholarly journals SIM1 Overexpression Partially Rescues Agouti Yellow and Diet-Induced Obesity by Normalizing Food Intake

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 4542-4549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassil M. Kublaoui ◽  
J. Lloyd Holder ◽  
Kristen P. Tolson ◽  
Terry Gemelli ◽  
Andrew R. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Obesity In Mice

Single-minded 1 (SIM1) mutations are associated with obesity in mice and humans. Haploinsufficiency of mouse Sim1 causes hyperphagic obesity with increased linear growth and enhanced sensitivity to a high-fat diet, a phenotype similar to that of agouti yellow and melanocortin 4 receptor knockout mice. To investigate the effects of increased Sim1 dosage, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress human SIM1 and examined their phenotype. Compared with wild-type mice, SIM1 transgenic mice had no obvious phenotype on a low-fat chow diet but were resistant to diet-induced obesity on a high-fat diet due to reduced food intake with no change in energy expenditure. The SIM1 transgene also completely rescued the hyperphagia and partially rescued the obesity of agouti yellow mice, in which melanocortin signaling is abrogated. Our results indicate that the melanocortin 4 receptor signals through Sim1 or its transcriptional targets in controlling food intake but not energy expenditure.

Effects of combined glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid receptor modulation (CORT118335) on energy balance, adiposity, and lipid metabolism in male rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E337-E349
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Nguyen ◽  
Sarah Berman ◽  
Joshua Streicher ◽  
Christina M. Estrada ◽  
Jody L. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Receptor Modulation

Psychological stress and excess glucocorticoids are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Glucocorticoids act primarily through mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR), and compounds modulating these receptors show promise in mitigating metabolic and cardiovascular-related phenotypes. CORT118335 (GR/MR modulator) prevents high-fat diet-induced weight gain and adiposity in mice, but the ability of this compound to reverse obesity-related symptoms is unknown. Adult male rats were subcutaneously administered CORT118335 (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily. A 5-day treatment with CORT118335 at 30 mg/kg induced weight loss in rats fed a chow diet by decreasing food intake. However, lower doses of the compound attenuated body weight gain primarily because of decreased calorific efficiency, as there were no significant differences in food intake compared with vehicle. Notably, the body weight effects of CORT118335 persisted during a 2-wk treatment hiatus, suggesting prolonged effects of the compound. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate a sustained effect of combined GR/MR modulation on body weight gain. These findings suggest that CORT118335 may have long-lasting effects, likely due to GR/MR-induced transcriptional changes. Prolonged (18 days) treatment of CORT118335 (10 mg/kg) reversed body weight gain and adiposity in animals fed a high-fat diet for 13 wk. Surprisingly, this occurred despite a worsening of the lipid profile and glucose homeostasis as well as a disrupted diurnal corticosterone rhythm, suggesting GR agonistic effects in the periphery. We conclude that species and tissue-specific targeting may result in promising leads for exploiting the metabolically beneficial aspects of GR/MR modulation.

Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Diet-induced Obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiuHua Shen ◽  
QingYa Tang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Objective: To evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the level of oxidative stress in diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Thirty weaning male rats were placed into three groups with 10 animals each: a control group with normal chow, a diet-induced obesity group (DIO) with high-fat diet, and an intervention group with high-fat diet supplemented with vitamin E (VE, 350 mg/kg). Blood and adipose tissue were collected from rats after 10 weeks. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were detected for plasma 8-epi-prostaglandin- F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), total anti-oxidative capacity (TAOC), α-tocopherol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Lipid and glucose metabolism parameters such as plasma glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol (TG) were also analyzed. Results: After 10 weeks, all obese rats (both the DIO and VE groups) had higher plasma 8-epi-PGF2α and TBARS levels than the controls. Their plasma-adjusted α-tocopherol, SOD, and GPx activities were lower than the control levels but insulin was higher (p<0.01). The VE intervention increased plasma SOD, GPx, and T-AOC, and decreased 8-epi-PGF2α (p<0.05). VE intervention also decreased plasma glucose, insulin, and TG levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: Increased oxidative stress could be an important target for the prevention of obesity-related diseases. Vitamin E has moderate effects for improvement of oxidative stress status and glucose metabolism in the animal model of diet-induced obesity.

scholarly journals Cafeteria diet increased adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucel Buyukdere ◽  
Atila Gulec ◽  
Asli Akyol
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Fat Depot

Background Dietary intervention studies in animal models of obesity are crucial to elucidate the mechanistic effects of specific nutrients and diets. Although several models of diet induced obesity have been examined in rodents to assess obesity, there are few studies that have researched influence of different high fat and/or westernized diets. The aim of this study was to compare a high fat diet and a cafeteria diet on obesity related biochemical and physiological parameters in young male rats. Methods Five week old Wistar male rats were fed a control chow diet (C), butter-based high fat diet (HF) or cafeteria diet (CAF) for twelve weeks. In HF, 40% of energy came from fat and this ratio was 46% in CAF. CAF composed of highly energetic and palatable human foods along with chow diet. At the end of the feeding protocol all animals were culled using CO2 asphyxia and cervical dislocation after an overnight fasting. Results Total energy and fat intake of CAF was significantly higher than C and HF. CAF was more effective in inducing obesity, as demonstrated by increased weight gain, Lee index, fat depot weights and total body fat in comparison to C and HF. Despite increased adiposity in CAF, plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were similar between the groups. Plasma leptin and cholesterol levels were markedly higher in CAF than C and HF. Discussion We have demonstrated that there are differential effects of high fat diet and cafeteria diet upon obesity and obesity-related parameters, with CAF leading to a more pronounced adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats. Future studies should consider the varied outcomes of different diet induced obesity models and development of a standardized approach in similar research practices.

scholarly journals Effects of a Mixed Limosilactobacillus fermentum Formulation with Claimed Probiotic Properties on Cardiometabolic Variables, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire ◽  
Luciana Caroline Paulino do Nascimento ◽  
Kataryne Árabe Rimá de Oliveira ◽  
Alisson Macário de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Henrique Napoleão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been linked to dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of a mixed formulation with Limosilactobacillusfermentum 139, L. fermentum 263 and L. fermentum 296 on cardiometabolic parameters, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues of male rats fed an HFD. Male Wistar rats were grouped into control diet (CTL, n = 6), HFD (n = 6) and HFD with L. fermentum formulation (HFD-Lf, n = 6) groups. The L.fermentum formulation (1 × 109 CFU/mL of each strain) was administered twice a day for 4 weeks. After a 4-week follow-up, biochemical parameters, fecal SCFA, cytokines and oxidative stress variables were evaluated. HFD consumption caused hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, low-grade inflammation, reduced fecal acetate and propionate contents and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues when compared to the CTL group. Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had reduced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, but similar SCFA contents in comparison with the HFD group (p < 0.05). Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had increased antioxidant capacity throughout the colon and heart tissues when compared with the control group. Administration of a mixed L. fermentum formulation prevented hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues induced by HFD consumption.

scholarly journals ADAR1 deficiency protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Cui ◽  
Jia Fei ◽  
Sisi Chen ◽  
Gaylen L. Edwards ◽  
Shi-You Chen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Normal Chow

Obesity is an important independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and many other chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the role of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Wild-type (WT) and heterozygous ADAR1-deficient (Adar1+/-) mice were fed normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Adar1+/- mice fed with HFD exhibited a lean phenotype with reduced fat mass compared with WT controls, although no difference was found under chow diet conditions. Blood biochemical analysis and insulin tolerance test showed that Adar1+/- improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Metabolic studies showed that food intake was decreased in Adar1+/- mice compared with the WT mice under HFD conditions. Paired feeding studies further demonstrated that Adar1+/- protected mice from HFD-induced obesity through decreased food intake. Furthermore, Adar1+/- restored the increased ghrelin expression in stomach and the decreased serum peptide YY levels under HFD conditions. These data indicate that ADAR1 may contribute to diet-induce obesity, at least partially, through modulating the ghrelin and peptide YY expression and secretion.

scholarly journals AFomitopsis pinicola JesengFormulation Has an Antiobesity Effect and Protects against Hepatic Steatosis in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hoe-Yune Jung ◽  
Yosep Ji ◽  
Na-Ri Kim ◽  
Do-Young Kim ◽  
Kyong-Tai Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Acanthopanax Senticosus ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

This study investigated the antiobesity effect of an extract of the Fomitopsis pinicola Jeseng-containing formulation (FAVA), which is a combination of four natural components:Fomitopsis pinicola Jeseng;Acanthopanax senticosus;Viscum album coloratum; andAllium tuberosum. High-fat diet- (HFD-) fed male C57BL/6J mice were treated with FAVA (200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks to monitor the antiobesity effect and amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weights were reduced in FAVA-treated mice, and a histological examination showed an amelioration of fatty liver in FAVA-treated mice without decreasing food consumption. Additionally, FAVA reduced serum lipid profiles, leptin, and insulin levels compared with the HFD control group. The FAVA extract suppressed lipogenic mRNA expression levels from WAT concomitantly with the cholesterol biosynthesis level in the liver. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effects of FAVA on obesity and NAFLD in the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. Therefore, FAVA may be an effective therapeutic candidate for treating obesity and fatty liver caused by a high-fat diet.

scholarly journals Diet-Induced Obesity Causes Ghrelin Resistance in Arcuate NPY/AgRP Neurons

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 4745-4755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana I. Briggs ◽  
Pablo J. Enriori ◽  
Moyra B. Lemus ◽  
Michael A. Cowley ◽  
Zane B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
The Brain

Circulating ghrelin is decreased in obesity, and peripheral ghrelin does not induce food intake in obese mice. We investigated whether ghrelin resistance was a centrally mediated phenomenon involving dysregulated neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) circuits. We show that diet-induced obesity (DIO) (12 wk) suppresses the neuroendocrine ghrelin system by decreasing acylated and total plasma ghrelin, decreasing ghrelin and Goat mRNA in the stomach, and decreasing expression of hypothalamic GHSR. Peripheral (ip) or central (intracerebroventricular) ghrelin injection was able to induce food intake and arcuate nucleus Fos immunoreactivity in chow-fed but not high-fat diet-fed mice. DIO decreased expression of Npy and Agrp mRNA, and central ghrelin was unable to promote expression of these genes. Ghrelin did not induce AgRP or NPY secretion in hypothalamic explants from DIO mice. Injection of NPY intracerebroventricularly increased food intake in both chow-fed and high-fat diet-fed mice, indicating that downstream NPY/AgRP neural targets are intact and that defective NPY/AgRP function is a primary cause of ghrelin resistance. Ghrelin resistance in DIO is not confined to the NPY/AgRP neurons, because ghrelin did not stimulate growth hormone secretion in DIO mice. Collectively, our data suggests that DIO causes ghrelin resistance by reducing NPY/AgRP responsiveness to plasma ghrelin and suppressing the neuroendocrine ghrelin axis to limit further food intake. Ghrelin has a number of functions in the brain aside from appetite control, including cognitive function, mood regulation, and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, central ghrelin resistance may potentiate obesity-related cognitive decline, and restoring ghrelin sensitivity may provide therapeutic outcomes for maintaining healthy aging.

scholarly journals Hepatic Gene Expression Profiles Are Altered by Dietary Unsalted Korean Fermented Soybean (Chongkukjang) Consumption in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
JuRyoun Soh ◽  
Dae Young Kwon ◽  
Youn-Soo Cha
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Cdna Microarray ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Diet Control

We found that Chongkukjang, traditional unsalted fermented soybean, has an antiobesity effect in mice with diet-induced obesity and examined the changes in hepatic transcriptional profiles using cDNA microarray. High-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: normal-diet control group (NDcon, 10% of total energy from fat), high-fat diet control group (HDcon, 45% of total energy from fat), and HDcon plus 40% Chongkukjang (HDC) and were fed for 9 weeks. The HDC group mice were pair-fed (isocalorie) with mice in the HDcon group. Final body weight, epididymal fat accumulation, serum total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were improved in HDC group. The cDNA microarray analyses revealed marked alterations in the expression of about 800 genes. Several genes involved in fatty acid catabolism (Acaa2, Mgll, Phyh, Slc27a2, and Slc27a5) were normalized by Chongkukjang consumption. This study showed beneficial effects of Chongkukjang consumption in preventing diet-induced obesity and related metabolic abnormalities.

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