Activation of Phospholipase A2 Is Associated with Generation of Placental Lipid Signals and Fetal Obesity

Abstract Context: Obesity and diabetes during pregnancy are associated with increased insulin resistance and higher neonatal adiposity. In turn, insulin resistance triggers inflammatory pathways with accumulation of placental cytokines. Objective: To determine placental signals that translate into development of excess adipose tissue, we investigated the role of phospholipases A2 (PLA2) as targets of inflammatory mediators. Setting: The study was conducted at Case Western Reserve University, Department of Reproductive Biology. Subjects: Volunteers gave informed written consent in accordance with the Institutional Review Board guidelines. Placenta and cord blood samples were obtained at the time of elective cesarean section in 15 term pregnancies. Intervention: Neonatal anthropometric measurements were performed within 48 h of delivery. Placentas were grouped based on neonatal percentage body fat as obese (body fat ≥ 16%) and lean control (body fat ≤ 8%). Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes were placenta PLA2 expression and fatty acid concentration. Results: Expression of PLA2G2A and PLA2G5, the main placenta phospholipases, was greater (P < 0.05) in placenta of obese compared with control neonates and was associated with increased 20:3 and 20:5 omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. TNF-α and leptin content was increased 3-fold in placenta of obese neonates. TNF-α and leptin both induced a time-dependent activation of PLA2G2 and PLA2G5 in placental cells. Conclusion: Accumulation of omega-3 fatty acids through secretory PLA2 activation is associated with high neonatal adiposity. We propose that the generation of placental lipid mediators through TNF-α and leptin stimulation represents a key mechanism to favor excess fetal fat accretion.

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Influence of dietary fat composition on development of insulin resistance in rats. Relationship to muscle triglyceride and omega-3 fatty acids in muscle phospholipid

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.40.2.280 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 280-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 190

Author(s):

L. H. Storlien ◽

A. B. Jenkins ◽

D. J. Chisholm ◽

W. S. Pascoe ◽

S. Khouri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Muscle Phospholipid ◽

Fat Composition ◽

Muscle Triglyceride

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Evidence of muscle loss delay and improvement of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids: A randomized study

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 2087-2097 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz ◽

Salvador Atilano-Miguel ◽

Lourdes Barbosa-Cortés ◽

Mariela Bernabé-García ◽

Tomas Almeida-Becerril ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI ASAM LEMAK OMEGA-3, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN TINGKAT DISMENORE PADA REMAJA

Journal of Nutrition College ◽

10.14710/jnc.v6i4.18249 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 268

Author(s):

Famimah Famimah ◽

Ani Margawati ◽

Deny Yudi Fitranti

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Fat ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain was a gynecological complaint due to an imbalance of progesterone in the blood resulting in pain. A woman with dysmenorrhea should consume food rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as fish oil, fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring), soybeans and fruits. Low fish consumption was related with severity of dysmenorrhea. In addition, physical activity and percent body fat were also associated with severity of dysmenorrhea.Objective : To determine the correlation between consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, physical activity and percent body fat to the classification of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.Methods : Cross sectional study of 90 adolescentsselected by purposive sampling. This research was conducted in SMA N 15 and SMA N 9 Semarang. Menstrual history was measured by direct interviews and level of dysmenorrhea was measured using Numerical Rating Scale Questionnaire. Omega-3 fatty acids were measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and analyzed using a nutritional software program. Physical activity was measured using A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Percent body fat was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed by Independent T test/Mann Whitney. Result : There were significant correlation in omega-3 fatty acid (p= 0,015), and percent body fat (p= 0,026). While in physical activity there was no significant correlation (p= 0,394).Conclusion : Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and percent body fat were associated with the classification of dysmenorrhea.

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EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ENRICHED FISH OIL ON DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE AND HYPERTENSION IN RATS

Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science ◽

10.21276/irjps.2019.6.1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1796-1803

Author(s):

Rashmi S. Chouthe ◽

◽

Santosh D Shelke ◽

Rahul P. Kshirsagar ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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Could Omega 3 Fatty Acids Preserve Muscle Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 223

Author(s):

Kassandra Lanchais ◽

Frederic Capel ◽

Anne Tournadre

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Muscle Health

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a high prevalence of death due to cardiometabolic diseases. As observed during the aging process, several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disorders (CVD), insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia, are frequently associated to RA. These abnormalities could be closely linked to alterations in lipid metabolism. Indeed, RA patients exhibit a lipid paradox, defined by reduced levels of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol whereas the CVD risk is increased. Moreover, the accumulation of toxic lipid mediators (i.e., lipotoxicity) in skeletal muscles can induce mitochondrial dysfunctions and insulin resistance, which are both crucial determinants of CVD and sarcopenia. The prevention or reversion of these biological perturbations in RA patients could contribute to the maintenance of muscle health and thus be protective against the increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases, dysmobility and mortality. Yet, several studies have shown that omega 3 fatty acids (FA) could prevent the development of RA, improve muscle metabolism and limit muscle atrophy in obese and insulin-resistant subjects. Thereby, dietary supplementation with omega 3 FA should be a promising strategy to counteract muscle lipotoxicity and for the prevention of comorbidities in RA patients.

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Probiotic and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation reduces insulin resistance, improves glycemia and obesity parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial

Obesity Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 100248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nazarii Kobyliak ◽

Tetyana Falalyeyeva ◽

Galyna Mykhalchyshyn ◽

Nataliia Molochek ◽

Olexii Savchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Lipoatrophy‐associated insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are attenuated by intake of diet rich in omega 3 fatty acids.

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

William T. Festuccia ◽

Naima Moustaid-Moussa ◽

Rafael Moreira

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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Adipose tissue inflammation in insulin resistance: review of mechanisms mediating anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1136/jim-2017-000535 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (7) ◽

pp. 1021-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mandana Pahlavani ◽

Theresa Ramalho ◽

Iurii Koboziev ◽

Monique J LeMieux ◽

Shasika Jayarathne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Review Paper ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽

Omega 3 ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Mediators Of Inflammation ◽

Micro Rnas

Obesity is an increasingly costly and widespread epidemic, effecting 1 in 10 adults worldwide. It has been causally linked with both the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, both of which are associated with increased chronic inflammation. The exact mechanisms through which inflammation may contribute to both MetS and IR are numerous and their details are still largely unknown. Recently, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential interventional targets due to their potential preventive roles in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including MetS and obesity. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss some of the known roles of miRNAs as mediators of inflammation-associated obesity and IR and how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be used as a nutritional intervention for these disorders.

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