scholarly journals Low-Grade Inflammation, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 4569-4574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Herder ◽  
Sophie Schneitler ◽  
Wolfgang Rathmann ◽  
Burkhard Haastert ◽  
Heiko Schneitler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Context: Low-grade inflammation is associated with insulin resistance and precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults, but there are no comparable data in youth. Objective: The objective of the study was to characterize the pattern of subclinical immune activation that is associated with indices of obesity and insulin resistance in youth and analyze whether this association is explained by obesity. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: Medical check-up of schoolchildren was conducted by the Public Health Office in Düsseldorf (Germany). Participants: Participants included 519 adolescents (mean age 15.5 ± 0.8 yr). Main Outcome Measures: Measures included body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as indices of obesity; fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 and adiponectin as immunological variables. Results: In age-, sex-, and lipid-adjusted analyses, IL-6, IL-18, IP-10, and adiponectin (inversely) were associated with both BMI and WC (all P ≤ 0.002). None of the immune markers was related to glucose, but IL-6, IL-18, and adiponectin (inversely) were associated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in age- and sex-adjusted models. Adjustment for BMI or WC indicated that a considerable proportion of these associations may be mediated by obesity. Conclusions: We found that a differential low-grade immune activation is associated with parameters of obesity in adolescents. Moreover, there is evidence that IL-6, IL-18, IP-10, and adiponectin (inversely) are associated with insulin resistance and that these associations can mainly be attributed to obesity.

scholarly journals The association between obesity and fluid intelligence impairment is mediated by chronic low-grade inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1724-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini C. Spyridaki ◽  
Panagiotis Simos ◽  
Pavlina D. Avgoustinaki ◽  
Eirini Dermitzaki ◽  
Maria Venihaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Published evidence suggests that obesity impairs cognition. Development of chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI) represents the earliest consequence of obesity. The present study investigated the association between obesity and fluid intelligence impairment and assessed the potential mediating role of CLGI and psychological (depression/anxiety symptoms), lifestyle (exercise) and physiological (metabolic dysfunction indices) factors in this association. Clinically healthy participants (n 188), grouped as per BMI, underwent cognitive (General Ability Measure for Adults), psychological (Beck Depression Inventory-II and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and activity (Godin leisure-time physical activity) measurements. Biochemical parameters included the following: (a) indices of CLGI (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen); (b) insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index); (c) adiposity (plasma adiponectin). An inverse association between elevated BMI and fluid intelligence was observed, with obese participants displaying significantly poorer performance compared with age-matched normal-weight peers. Structural equation modelling results were consistent with a negative impact of obesity on cognition that was mediated by CLGI. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that reduced general cognitive ability is associated with obesity, an adverse effect mainly mediated by obesity-associated activation of innate immunity.

scholarly journals PCOS without hyperandrogenism is associated with higher plasma Trimethylamine N-oxide levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Huang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Chunyan Chen ◽  
Ying Gao
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder, and its pathogenesis is still under debate. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a small, organic compound generated by the gut microbiome with a hypothesized relation to insulin resistance (IR) and low-grade inflammation in PCOS. By comparing plasma TMAO levels in non-PCOS participants and PCOS patients without hyperandrogenism (HA), we aimed to determine whether plasma TMAO levels correlate with PCOS without HA and to analyze their relationship with low-grade inflammation and IR. Methods A total of 27 PCOS patients without HA and 23 non-PCOS participants were enrolled in this study and subdivided into “nonobese” and “obese” arms for each group. Levels of plasma TMAO were quantified, and basic clinical characteristics and plasma biomarkers of inflammation were assessed. Results First, plasma TMAO levels, insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were higher in PCOS patients without HA, especially in the obese subgroup. Second, the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-18 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly increased in obese PCOS patients without HA. Third, plasma TMAO levels were associated with body mass index (BMI) in the normal-weight groups, and the obese groups had higher fasting plasma insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR values. Finally, logistic regression showed that the plasma levels of TMAO and luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) were independent predictors of PCOS and indicated an increased risk of PCOS. Conclusions Elevated plasma TMAO levels may be associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS without HA and correlated with increased systemic inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine the suitability of TMAO as a predictive biomarker and to identify possible therapies for PCOS.

scholarly journals Distribution of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in Mexican children and adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Aradillas-García ◽  
Martha Rodríguez-Morán ◽  
María Eugenia Garay-Sevilla ◽  
Juan Manuel Malacara ◽  
Ramón Alberto Rascon-Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Mexican Children

ObjectiveSeveral cutoff points of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; varying from 2.5 to 4.0) have been suggested for diagnosing IR in youth. In this study, we determined the distribution of the HOMA-IR in Mexican children and adolescents.Design and methodsA total of 6132 children and adolescents from San Luis Potosi, León, Queretaro, and Durango, which are cities in central and northern Mexico, were enrolled in a population-based cross-sectional study. Eligible participants were apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. Pregnancy and the presence of chronic illnesses were exclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 3701 (60.3%) girls and 2431 (39.7%) boys were included in this study. In the overall population, the mean body mass index, insulin levels, and fasting glucose levels were 21.8±1.3 kg/m2, 7.1±3.2 μU/ml, and 86.2±10.0 mg/dl respectively. The concentrations of insulin and fasting glucose gradually increased from 6 to 12 years of age, whereas the concentrations tended to plateau in the 13- to 18-year-old population. The absolute mean of the HOMA-IR was 2.89±0.7. The HOMA-IR gradually increased with age and reached a plateau at 13 years of age.ConclusionsBecause the insulin concentrations, glucose levels, and HOMA-IR exhibited a gradual increase with age that was not related to obesity, our results suggested that the evaluation of IR in children should be based on percentiles of the HOMA-IR rather than a dichotomous value derived from a single cutoff point.

scholarly journals Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations in nondiabetic women with elevated homeostasis model assessment ratios

2003 ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Matsubara ◽  
S Katayose ◽  
S Maruoka
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin

OBJECTIVE: Whether the adipocyte-derived protein adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance independently of the effects of adiposity and the diabetic state is an important question. We explored, in a cross-sectional study of 486 Japanese nondiabetic women, the relationship between the calculated insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA-R)) and adiponectin levels determined using a validated sandwich ELISA. DESIGN AND METHODS: All participants were stratified into tertiles for HOMA-R (approximately <1.5, 1.5< or = approximately <3.0, 3.0< or = approximately ) and the differences across tertiles of continuous variables were tested with ANOVA. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine possible relationships for plasma adiponectin between tertiles of HOMA-R and several stratified parameters. Multiple regression analyses were performed with HOMA-R or fasting serum insulin as dependent variable, and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride (TG), leptin and adiponectin as independent determinants. RESULTS: Mean plasma adiponectin in the high HOMA-R group decreased compared with that in the low HOMA-R group both before (mean+/-s.e.m. 6.2+/-0.6 vs 9.2+/-0.3 microg/ml, P<0.001) and after adjustment for body fat mass (BFM) as kg or percent (0.31+/-0.04 vs 0.69+/-0.03, 0.18+/-0.02 vs 0.34+/-0.01, both P<0.001). HOMA-R was inversely associated with adiponectin levels both before (r=-0.37, P<0.001) and after adjustment for BFM (r=-0.49, -0.46, both P<0.001). After covariate adjustment for age, diastolic BP, BMI and serum TG, HOMA-R retained a significant correlation with adiponectin/BFM (kg). Both adiponectin and leptin were the significant determinants of HOMA-R or fasting insulin in multiple regression models. CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin was inversely associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects, independently from age, BP, adiposity and serum lipids. Because adiponectin is thought to have an anti-atherogenic action, the presence of hypoadiponectinemia may predispose subjects to atherosclerosis, and may progress the atherogenesis in insulin resistance.

scholarly journals High HOMA-IR Index in Healthcare Shift Workers

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Ledda ◽  
Diana Cinà ◽  
Serena Matera ◽  
Nicola Mucci ◽  
Massimo Bracci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers

Background and objectives: Evidence shows that shift work may be correlated with insulin resistance (IR). Therefore its estimation in clinical and prevention practice is of great significance. A cross-sectional study was performed to examine the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Index among healthcare shift workers (HCSW). Materials and Methods: A total of 272 healthcare workers (HCWs) were invited to participate in the study within an occupational surveillance framework, 137 were HCSW while 135 were healthcare non-shift workers (HCNSW). Fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR Index were evaluated in each participant and correlated with shift workers. Results: Indicators of glucose metabolism were significantly higher in HCSW p < 0.001, and logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant positive association between increased values of HOMA-IR Index and shift workers (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Shift work could be a risk factor in developing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Optimal Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Cut-Offs: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Czech Population

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Horáková ◽  
Ladislav Štěpánek ◽  
Vladimír Janout ◽  
Jana Janoutová ◽  
Dalibor Pastucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Czech Population

Background and Objectives: The key pathogenetic mechanism of glucose metabolism disorders, insulin resistance (IR), can be assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). However, its application in clinical practice is limited due to the absence of cut-offs. In this study, we aimed to define the cut-offs for the Czech population. Methods: After undergoing anthropometric and biochemical studies, the sample of 3539 individuals was divided into either nondiabetics, including both subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 1947) and prediabetics (n = 1459), or diabetics (n = 133). The optimal HOMA-IR cut-offs between subgroups were determined to maximize the sum of the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. The predictive accuracy was illustrated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between a target variable (presence/absence of T2DM) depending on the HOMA-IR score as well as on the age and sex. Results: The HOMA-IR cut-off between nondiabetics and diabetics for both sexes together was 3.63, with a sensitivity of 0.56 and a specificity of 0.86. The area under the ROC curve was 0.73 for T2DM diagnosing in both sexes. The HOMA-IR cut-off between the NGT subjects and prediabetics was 1.82, with a sensitivity of 0.60 and a specificity of 0.66. Logistic regression showed that increased HOMA-IR is a risk factor for the presence of T2DM (odds ratio (OR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.28, p < 0.0001). The predictive ability of HOMA-IR in diagnosing T2DM is statistically significantly lower in females (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.98). The results are valid for middle-aged European adults. Conclusions: The results suggest the existence of HOMA-IR cut-offs signaling established IR. Introduction of the instrument into common clinical practice, together with the known cut-offs, may contribute to preventing T2DM.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kadar Plasma Chemerin dengan Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance pada Remaja Obesitas

Sari Pediatri ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Silvy Dioni ◽  
Eka Agustia Rini ◽  
Eti Yerizel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elisa Data

Latar belakang. Obesitas pada anak berhubungan dengan meningkatnya risiko sindrom metabolik, seperti resistensi insulin. HOMA-IR merupakan marker yang sering digunakan untuk menilai resistensi insulin. Chemerin merupakan protein 18 kDa yang dihasilkan jaringan adiposa, berfungsi sebagai chemoatractant memegang peran penting berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan inflamasi dan resistensi insulin. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar chemerin dengan HOMA-IR pada remaja obesitas.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 3 sekolah menengah umum (SMU) di kota Padang. Jumlah sampel berjumlah 28 remaja obesitas dan 28 remaja dengan IMT normal. Obesitas ditentukan berdasarkan nilai IMT, HOMA-IR dihitung berdasarkan rumus yang menggunakan nilai glukosa dan insulin puasa. Glukosa diukur dengan metode glucose hexokinase fotometrik, insulin diperiksa dengan metode chemiluminessence immunoassay dan kadar plasma chemerin dengan metode ELISA. Data dianalisis dengan sistem komputerisasi dengan uji korelasi.Hasil. Kadar plasma chemerin lebih tinggi pada kelompok obesitas dibandingkan kontrol 121,52 (SD 2,09) ng/ml vs 97,23(SD 2,41) ng/ml, p: 0,001 dan pada kelompok obesitas dengan resistensi insulin dibandingkan non resistensi insulin 133,1(SD 19,24) vs 115,09 (SD 19,52), p=0,001. Terdapat hubungan lemah kadar chemerin dengan nilai HOMA-IR pada obesitas(r=0,382;p=0,045) dan hubungan lemah kadar chemerin dengan nilai HOMA-IR pada obesitas resistensi insulin (r=0,297;p=0,405).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan lemah kadar chemerin dengan nilai HOMA-IR pada remaja obesitas, dan hubungan lemah kadar chemerin dengan nilai HOMA-IR pada obesitas resistensi insulin.

Association of Resting Heart Rate With Arterial Stiffness and Low-Grade Inflammation in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Angiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Vargas-Hitos ◽  
Alberto Soriano-Maldonado ◽  
Josefa Martínez-Bordonado ◽  
Isabel Sánchez-Berná ◽  
Daniel Fernández-Bergés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with arterial stiffness, inflammation, and cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality in the general population and in patients at high CV risk. We assessed the association of RHR with arterial stiffness and low-grade inflammation (LGI) in a cross-sectional study that included 101 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without a history of CV disease or arrhythmia or who were under treatment that may cause bradycardia. Pulse wave velocity (PWV; a measure of arterial stiffness), RHR, and markers of LGI (ie, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment index) were measured. The patients with the highest RHR (quartile 4; mean RHR = 87.2 bpm) had a PWV 0.61 m/s (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-1.14; P = .024) greater than patients with the lowest RHR (quartile 1; RHR = 63.0 bpm), independent of age, systolic blood pressure, disease activity, smoking, and being physically inactive. Similarly, patients with the highest RHR (quartile 4) showed a significantly less favorable clustered LGI index than patients in quartile 1 ( b = .58; 95% CI: 0.212-0.948; P = .002). Higher RHR is associated with greater arterial stiffness and LGI in women with SLE. Further research to determine the prognostic value of RHR in this population is warranted.

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