Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and the Metabolic Syndrome

Context and Objective: Protective and detrimental associations have been reported between alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome. This may be due to variations in drinking patterns and different alcohol effects on the metabolic syndrome components. This study is designed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption patterns and the metabolic syndrome. Design, Setting, Participants, and Measures: The 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a population-based survey of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. Current drinkers aged 20–84 yr without cardiovascular disease who had complete data on the metabolic syndrome and drinking patterns were included in the analysis (n = 1529). The metabolic abnormalities comprising the metabolic syndrome included having three of the following: impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Measures of alcohol consumption included usual quantity consumed, drinking frequency, and frequency of binge drinking. Results: In multinomial logistic regression models controlling for demographics, family history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and lifestyle factors, increased risk of the metabolic syndrome was associated with daily consumption that exceeded U.S. dietary guideline recommendations (more than one drink per drinking day for women and more than two drinks per drinking day for men (odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.22–2.11) and binge drinking once per week or more [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.51 (1.01–2.29]. By individual metabolic abnormality, drinking in excess of the dietary guidelines was associated with an increased risk of impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and high blood pressure. Conclusion: Public health messages should emphasize the potential cardiometabolic risk associated with drinking in excess of national guidelines and binge drinking.

Download Full-text

Is Drinking Alcohol Really Linked to Cardiovascular Health? Evidence from the Kardiovize 2030 Project

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2848

Author(s):

Andrea Maugeri ◽

Ota Hlinomaz ◽

Antonella Agodi ◽

Martina Barchitta ◽

Sarka Kunzova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Activity Level ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Drinking Alcohol ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

The Relationship

Existing data have described benefits and drawbacks of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but no research has evaluated its association with the cardiovascular health (CVH) score proposed by the American Heart Association. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis on the Kardiovize cohort (Brno, Czech Republic), to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and CVH. We included 1773 subjects (aged 25–64 years; 44.2% men) with no history of CVD. We compared CVD risk factors, CVH metrics (i.e., BMI, healthy diet, physical activity level, smoking status, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol) and CVH score between and within several drinking categories. We found that the relationship between drinking habits and CVH was related to the amount of alcohol consumed, drinking patterns, and beverage choices. Heavy drinkers were more likely to smoke tobacco, and to report diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol at higher level than non-drinkers. Among drinkers, however, people who exclusively drank wine exhibited better CVH than those who exclusively drank beer. Although our findings supported the hypothesis that drinking alcohol was related to the CVH in general, further prospective research is needed to understand whether the assessment of CVH should incorporate information on alcohol consumption.

Download Full-text

High TSH Level within Normal Range Is Associated with Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Inflammation, Hypercoagulability, and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Novel Cardiometabolic Marker

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8060817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 817 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yi-Cheng Chang ◽

Shih-Che Hua ◽

Chia-Hsuin Chang ◽

Wei-Yi Kao ◽

Hsiao-Lin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Reference Group ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Normal Range ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

(1) Background: Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risks. Here we further explore whether thyroid function within normal range is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population-based study. (2) Methods: We screened 24,765 adults participating in health examinations in Taiwan. Participants were grouped according to high-sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (hsTSH) level as: <50th percentile (0.47–1.48 mIU/L, the reference group), 50–60th percentile (1.49–1.68 mIU/L), 60–70th percentile (1.69–1.94 mIU/L), 70–80th percentile (1.95–2.3 mIU/L), 80–90th percentile (2.31–2.93 mIU/L), and >90th percentile (>2.93 mIU/L). Cardiometabolic traits of each percentile were compared with the reference group. (3) Results: Elevated hsTSH levels within normal range were dose-dependently associated with increased body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumferences, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high homeostasis model of assessment of beta-cell (HOMA-β), triglycerides, total cholesterols, fibrinogen, and uric acids (p-for-trend <0.001), but not with fasting glucose levels. The association remained significant after adjustment of age, sex, and lifestyle. As compared to the reference group, subjects with the highest hsTSH percentile had significantly increased risk of being overweight (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR): 1.35), increased body fat (adjOR: 1.29), central obesity (adjOR: 1.36), elevated blood pressure (adjOR: 1.26), high HbA1c (adjOR: 1.20), hyperinsulinemia (adjOR: 1.75), increased HOMA-IR (adjOR: 1.45), increased HOMA-β (adjOR: 1.40), hypertriglyceridemia (adjOR: 1.60), hypercholesterolemia (adjOR: 1.25), elevated hsCRP (adjOR: 1.34), increased fibrinogen (adjOR: 1.45), hyperuricemia (adjOR: 1.47), and metabolic syndrome (adjOR: 1.42), but significant risk of low fasting glucose (adjOR: 0.89). Mediation analysis indicates that insulin resistance mediates the majority of the association between thyroid hormone status and the metabolic syndrome. (4) Conclusion: Elevated hsTSH within the normal range is a cardiometabolic risk marker associated with central obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, inflammation, and hypercoagulability.

Download Full-text

Metabolic syndrome in patients with prostate cancer undergoing intermittent androgen-deprivation therapy

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.3655 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (9-10) ◽

pp. 300 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mohammadali Mohammadzadeh Rezaei ◽

Mohammadhadi Mohammadzadeh Rezaei ◽

Alireza Ghoreifi ◽

Behzad Feyzzadeh Kerigh

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽

Androgen Deprivation ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Blood Pressures

Introduction: The presence of metabolic syndrome in men with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), especially intermittent type, has not been completely evaluated. The aim of this study is to evaluate metabolic syndrome in men with PCa undergoing intermittent ADT.Methods: In this longitudinal study, we studied the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in 190 patients who were undergoing intermittent ADT. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. All metabolic parameters, including lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressures, and waist circumferences of the patients were measured six and 12 months after treatment.Results: Mean age of the patients was 67.5 ± 6.74 years. The incidence of metabolic syndrome after six and 12 months was 6.8% and 14.7%, respectively. Analysis of various components of the metabolic syndrome revealed that patients had significantly higher overall prevalence of hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia in their six- and 12-month followups, but blood pressure has not been changed in the same period except for diastolic blood pressure after six months.Conclusions: Although there was an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in patients receiving intermittent ADT, it was lower than other studies that treated the same patients with continuous ADT. Also it seems that intermittent ADT has less metabolic complications than continuous ADT and could be used as a safe alternative in patients with advanced and metastatic PCa.

Download Full-text

Abstract 3636: Ekg Left Ventricular Hypertrophy And Cardiovascular Events In Patients With Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_825-a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Massimo Salvetti ◽

Maria Lorenza Muiesan ◽

Barbara Stanga ◽

Antonio Cimino ◽

Umberto Valentini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Increased Risk

Background: A large number of studies have demonstrated that LVH detected with standard electrocardiography is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular complications in various subsets of patients. Despite the fact that ECG represents the first cardiovascular test performed in diabetics, few data are available on the prognostic significance of EKG LVH in these patients. Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between EKG LVH and the risk of future cardiovascular events in a wide group of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods A total of 1131 prospectively identified patients with type 1 (n=613, age 36 ± 13 years, 40 % women, BP 127 ± 16/79 ± 8 mmHg, total cholesterol 196 ± 43 mg/dl, HbA1C 7.81 ± 1.67%) and with type 2 DM (n=618, age 53 ± 11 years, 34 % women, BP 137 ± 18/82 ± 8 mmHg, total cholesterol 208 ± 41 mg/dl, HbA1C 7.97 ± 1.72%) were studied. At baseline all subjects underwent baseline clinical examination with blood pressure measurement according to current guidelines, standard laboratory examinations and a 12 leads electrocardiogram. LVH was defined as the presence of a “Sokolow-Lyon” voltage >38 mm and/or a “Cornell voltage QRS duration product” >2440 mm* msec. Treatment was not standardized. Results LVH prevalence was 8.3 % in type 2 DM and 6.4 % in type 1 DM. Patients were followed for 63 ± 27 months (range 1–126). A first non fatal cardiovascular event occurred in 62 patients. Kaplan-Meyer analysis revealed a higher risk of cardiovascular events in patients with LVH both with type 1 and type 2 DM (Log Rank Mantel Cox p<0.01). In Cox analysis, controlling for age, gender, BMI, history of cardiovascular disease, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, total plasma cholesterol, HbA1c, albuminuria and antihypertensive treatment, the presence of LVH was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in all patients (odds ratio 2.96, 95% CI 1.39 to 6.32, p<0.01) and separately in DM type 1 (odds ratio 5.71, 95% CI 1.29 to 25.17, p=0.02) and in type 2 DM (odds ratio 2.92, 95% CI 1.02 to 8.35, p=0.05). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that in patients with DM the detection of LVH by EKG is associated to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, independently of other risk factors and represent the first demonstration of the prognostic significance of EKG-LVH in patients with type 1 diabetes

Download Full-text

Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in 500 Adult Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.3068.3068 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 3068-3068

Author(s):

Marjolein van Waas ◽

Sebastian Neggers ◽

Rob Pieters ◽

M.M. Van Den Heuvel

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Adult Survivors ◽

Cranial Irradiation ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

Abstract Abstract 3068 Poster Board III-5 Introduction Adult survivors of childhood cancer have been reported to have an increased risk of late sequels. A cluster of abnormalities that contribute to the metabolic syndrome may be expressed at a higher level and therefore result in an increased risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Patients and Methods We investigated a single centre cohort of 500 adult survivors (228 females) of childhood cancer, median age 28 years (range 18-59 years) and median follow-up time 19 years (range 6–49 years). This cohort included 164 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) survivors (75 females). We measured total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Data from the Dutch epidemiologic MORGEN-study were used to calculate standard deviation scores as normative values. Results The criteria of the metabolic syndrome were met in 13% of the total cohort. ALL survivors treated with cranial irradiation had an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome compared to ALL survivors not treated with cranial irradiation (23% vs. 7%, P=0.011). ALL survivors who received CRT had higher total cholesterol levels compared to ALL survivors who did not (mean SDS 0.38 vs. mean SDS –0.05, P=0.027), whereas their HDL levels did not differ. Also, ALL survivors treated with CRT were more often hypertensive compared to ALL survivors not treated with CRT (22% vs. 10%, P=0.036) and more often overweight (59% vs. 34%, P=0.003), however they were not more often obese (12% vs. 9%, ns). Conclusions Adult survivors of childhood cancer, especially ALL survivors treated with cranial irradiation, are at increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. This increased risk is probably determined by higher prevalence of overweight and hypertension in ALL survivors. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Download Full-text

Meta-analysis of metabolic syndrome and its individual components with risk of atrial fibrillation in different populations

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-01858-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ying Zheng ◽

Zengshuo Xie ◽

Jiayong Li ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Wenting Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Recent studies have reported the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on atrial fibrillation (AF), but the results remain controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between MetS and AF risk. Methods Studies were searched from the Cochrane library, PubMed, and Embase databases through May 2020. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and then pooled by using a random effects model. Results A total of 6 observational cohort studies were finally included. In the pooled analysis, MetS was associated with an increased risk of AF (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.40–1.77; P < 0.01). And the components of MetS including abdominal obesity (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.36–1.38; P < 0.01), elevated blood pressure (HR 1.56; 95% CI 1.46–1.66; P < 0.01), elevated fasting glucose (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.15–1.21; P < 0.01) and low high density cholesterol (HDL) (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.06–1.32; P < 0.01) was also associated with an increased risk of AF, while high triglyceride (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.87–1.11, P = 0.82) was not. Conclusions Our present meta-analysis suggested that MetS, as well as its components including abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose and low HDL cholesterol were associated with an increase in the risk of AF.

Download Full-text

Associations of ‘Relative corticosterone deficiency’ with genetic variation in CYP17A1 and metabolic syndrome features

10.1101/654269 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Scott D Mackenzie ◽

Andrew A Crawford ◽

Daniel Ackermann ◽

Katharina E Schraut ◽

Caroline Hayward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Health Study ◽

Hydroxylase Activity ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Common Genetic Variants ◽

Dexamethasone Suppression

ABSTRACTContext and objectiveCommon genetic variants in CYP17A1 associate with higher blood pressure, putatively from impaired 17α-hydroxylase activity and mineralocorticoid excess. However, the same variants protect against obesity and insulin resistance. We tested whether CYP17A1 variants that enhance 17α-hydroxylase activity cause ‘relative corticosterone deficiency’. Since corticosterone is thought to contribute disproportionately to negative feedback in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, we also tested whether lower corticosterone associates with higher cortisol and hence with metabolic syndrome.DesignCross-sectional studies within the population-based Orkney Complex Disease Study (ORCADES; n=2018), VIKING Health Study Shetland (VIKING; n=2098), East Hertfordshire study (EHERTS; n=279), Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS; n=903), and the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH; n=888).Outcome measuresCortisol and corticosterone in morning plasma samples in ORCADES, VIKING and ET2DS, and in EHERTS in plasma following overnight dexamethasone suppression (0.25mg) and 30 mins after ACTH1-24 (1µg); cortisol and corticosterone metabolites in day and night urine samples in SKIPOGH. Features of the metabolic syndrome including body mass index, systolic blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR.ResultsIn ORCADES, ET2DS and SKIPOGH, CYP17A1 variants were associated with corticosterone:cortisol ratio. In ORCADES, VIKING and ET2DS there were consistent associations of morning plasma cortisol and corticosterone with BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose and HOMA-IR. In EHERTS, however, after dexamethasone suppression and ACTH1-24 stimulation, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were associated with higher cortisol but lower corticosterone. Similarly, in SKIPOGH, low corticosterone:cortisol metabolite ratios were associated with high BMI and dyslipidemia.Conclusions‘Relative corticosterone deficiency’, due to a primary alteration in adrenal steroidogenesis favouring cortisol over corticosterone, may mediate the associations of genetic variation in CYP17A1 with metabolic syndrome. However, additional determinants of variation in plasma corticosterone are likely to explain its generally positive associations with features of metabolic syndrome.

Download Full-text

OVERVIEW OF MODERN STUDIES OF COMORBIDITY IN PSORIASIS

Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases ◽

10.18821/1560-9588-2018-21-1-45-47 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 45-47

Author(s):

Albina G. Pashinyan ◽

E. V Dontsova

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chronic Neuropathy

Psoriasis is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease associated with various medical conditions. The article presents an overview associations between psoriasis and ulcerative colitis, diabetes, chronic neuropathy, depressions, lymphomas, malignant processes, especially lymphoproliferation, metabolic syndrome. Patients with psoriasis, particularly if disease is severe, are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Have examined the association between psoriasis and glomerulonephritis as well as chronic kidney disease. Factors influencing the course of psoriasis include age, stress, smoking, alcohol, a violation of diet, the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, mental disorders The article presents an overview associations between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. When a subject has three of the five listed criteria, a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome can be made. The criteria listed include glucose intolerance presenting higher fasting glucose 6,1; increased waist circumference or abdominal obesity (≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women); raised triglyceride levels ≥ 1.7 mmol/l; reduced high-density lipoprotein < 1.04 mmol/l for men and < 1.30 mmo/l for women; and elevated blood pressure 130/85 mmHg. In patients with psoriasis found a significantly increased prevalence and severity of coronary artery calcification.

Download Full-text

The role of testosterone in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in men

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-27302009000800002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 901-907 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Farid Saad

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Levels

Over the last three decades, it has become apparent that testosterone plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of risk factors predisposing to diabetes mellitus type 2, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main components of the syndrome are visceral obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, raised blood pressure and dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and a pro-inflammatory and thrombogenic state. Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have reported a direct correlation between plasma testosterone and insulin sensitivity, and low testosterone levels are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dramatically illustrated by androgen deprivation in men with prostate carcinoma. Lower total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) predict a higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome. There is evidence that hypotestosteronemia should be an element in the definition of the metabolic syndrome since low levels of testosterone are associated with or predict the development of the metabolic syndrome and of diabetes mellitus. Administration of testosterone to hypogonadal men reverses part of the unfavorable risk profile for the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis. So far, studies on the effects of normalization of testosterone in hypogonadal men on glucose homeostasis are limited, but convincing, and if diabetes mellitus is viewed in the context of the metabolic syndrome, the present results of testosterone treatment are very encouraging.

Download Full-text

Modeling Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Cognition: The Northern Manhattan Study

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617714000861 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 951-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Bonnie E. Levin ◽

Maria M. Llabre ◽

Chuanhui Dong ◽

Mitchell S.V. Elkind ◽

Yaakov Stern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of vascular risk factors and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Less is known about the relationship between MetS and cognition. We examined component vascular risk factors of MetS as correlates of different cognitive domains. The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) includes 1290 stroke-free participants from a largely Hispanic multi-ethnic urban community. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to model latent variables of MetS, assessed at baseline and an average of 10 years later, at which time participants also underwent a full cognitive battery. The two four-factor models, of the metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, lipid levels, obesity, and fasting glucose) and of cognition (language, executive function, psychomotor, and memory), were each well supported (CFI=0.97 and CFI=0.95, respectively). When the two models were combined, the correlation between metabolic syndrome and cognition was −.31. Among the metabolic syndrome components, only blood pressure uniquely predicted all four cognitive domains. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol, and risk factor treatment variables, blood pressure remained a significant correlate of all domains except memory. In this stroke-free race/ethnically diverse community-based cohort, MetS was associated with cognitive function suggesting that MetS and its components may be important predictors of cognitive outcomes. After adjusting for sociodemographic and vascular risk factors, blood pressure was the strongest correlate of cognitive performance. Findings suggest MetS, and in particular blood pressure, may represent markers of vascular or neurodegenerative damage in aging populations. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)

Download Full-text