scholarly journals Twenty-Four-Hour Profiles of Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Testosterone, and Estradiol Levels: A Semilongitudinal Study throughout Puberty in Healthy Boys*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland ◽  
Sten Rosberg ◽  
Birgitta Lannering ◽  
Leo Dunkel ◽  
Gunnar Selstam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Abstract To follow and correlate gonadotropin and sex steroid changes throughout puberty, 24-h profiles of LH, FSH, testosterone, and estradiol were taken on several occasions for between 2–9.5 yr in 12 healthy boys, aged 8.7–18.2 yr. Serum concentrations of LH and FSH were measured every 20 min, whereas testosterone and estradiol were measured every 2–4 h during the 24-h period. The prepubertal boys (Tanner stage 1) were subdivided into two groups: Pre 1, with a testicular volume of 1–2 mL, and Pre 2, with a testicular volume of 3 mL. Pubertal stages were classified, according to testicular volume, as early puberty (pubertal stage 2; 4–9 mL), midpuberty (pubertal stages 3–4; 10–15 mL), and late puberty (pubertal stage 5; ≥16 mL). Mean levels of LH and FSH increased with pubertal development, although the increase in LH was greater than that in FSH. These increases were due to elevated basal levels of LH and FSH as well as to increases in the number of peaks and the peak amplitudes of LH. No diurnal rhythm was found in boys at stage Pre 1. Thereafter, a clear diurnal rhythm appeared for LH, and later in puberty, an ultradian rhythm was superimposed, as shown by time-sequence analyses. A diurnal rhythm also existed for FSH, but was much less marked than that for LH despite a clear covariation between LH and FSH, as shown from cross-correlation studies. Testosterone also showed diurnal variations from the late prepubertal stage, followed by increasing levels during both day and night in puberty. We conclude that during puberty, gonadotropin levels rise differently for LH and FSH, which may be due to the development of differences in feedback mechanisms. Despite covariation between LH and FSH, only LH showed a clear diurnal variation. In parallel, nocturnal variations in testosterone and estradiol were found. Changes in mean levels of LH, testosterone, and estradiol as well as their mean daytime and nighttime levels follow each other from the prepubertal stages to late puberty.

scholarly journals Signaling between the pituitary gland and the testes: inverse relationship between serum FSH and inhibin B concentrations in boys in early puberty

2000 ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Raivio ◽  
S Saukkonen ◽  
J Jaaskelainen ◽  
J Komulainen ◽  
L Dunkel
Keyword(s):  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Reciprocal Regulation ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Estradiol Levels

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between serum inhibin B and sex steroid concentrations and pituitary FSH responsiveness to GnRH in boys in early puberty, and to examine serum inhibin B levels in prepubertal boys with different timing of the onset of gonadotropin deficiency (GD). DESIGN: Twenty-five boys with constitutional delay of puberty (CDP; 20 in Tanner stage G2 and 5 in G3; age range, 13. 5-16.8 years) and eight prepubertal boys (G1P1) with GD (age range, 10.0-13.2 years) were clinically examined, and serum inhibin B, testosterone and estradiol concentrations were measured from sera obtained immediately before the administration of GnRH (Relefact; 3.5 microgram/kg, maximum 100 microgram i.v.). Thereafter, FSH levels were measured at 30min intervals up to 90min. RESULTS: In the boys with CDP, basal inhibin B and FSH levels did not correlate. However, inhibin B and GnRH-stimulated FSH concentrations (r(S)= -0.43 to -0.45, n=25, P<0.05) and the difference between basal and peak serum FSH levels were inversely related (r(S)= -0.63, n=25, P<0.005). This relationship remained significant in boys at stage G2 (r(S)= -0.66, n=20, P<0.005). Basal testosterone concentrations and GnRH-induced FSH levels did not correlate. Estradiol levels were too low (64% of the boys had estradiol levels below the assay sensitivity) to allow correlation analysis. The boys with GD had low inhibin B concentrations (range, <15.6-53pg/ml); the lowest levels were observed in boys with presumably congenital onset of the disease. Serum inhibin B levels and testis volumes correlated positively (r(S)=0.70, n=8, P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in boys, the reciprocal regulation between inhibin B and FSH is in operation before mid-puberty. Moreover, autonomous inhibin B secretion by the prepubertal human testis is likely to reflect the number of Sertoli cells.

Can we rely on adolescents to self-assess puberty stage? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 2846-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C Campisi ◽  
Josée D Marchand ◽  
Fahad Javaid Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Islam ◽  
Zulfiqar A Bhutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Context Clinicians, researchers, and global health advocates often include pubertal development in outcomes. However, assessments of pubertal stage can be challenging because of the sensitive nature and feasibility of clinical examinations, especially in larger settings. Objective To determine the accuracy of self-assessed Tanner staging when compared with physically assessed Tanner stages by a clinician. Data Sources MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL. Study Selection Studies were included if they reported 5 × 5 tables of self-assessment compared to clinician–assessment for the 5-stage Tanner scale. Data Extraction We extracted data to generate complete 5 × 5 tables for each study, including any subgroup eligible for the analysis, such as overweight/obese youth. Data Synthesis After screening, 22 studies representing 21,801 participants met our inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Overall agreement was moderate or substantial between the 2 assessments, with breast stage 1, female pubic hair 1, male pubic hair 1, and male pubic hair 5 having the highest agreement. When stages were collapsed into pre- (Tanner stage 1), in (stages 2,3), and completing (stages 4,5) puberty, levels of agreement improved, especially for pre- and completing pubertal development. Most included studies comprised Caucasian youth. More studies are needed which include a broader range of geographic and socioeconomic settings, as well as a greater diversity of racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions Self-assessment of puberty is most accurate when identifying Tanner stage 1, Tanner stage 5 and when development is categorized into prepuberty, in, and completing puberty phases. Use of self-assessment data should be structured accordingly. Protocol Registration PROSPERO # CRD42018100205

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in cortisol metabolism throughout pubertal development: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-551
Author(s):  
Britt J van Keulen ◽  
Conor V Dolan ◽  
Bibian van der Voorn ◽  
Ruth Andrew ◽  
Brian R Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cortisol Metabolism ◽  
Pubertal Stages

Objective Sex differences in disease susceptibility might be explained by sexual dimorphism in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, which has been postulated to emerge during puberty. However, studies conducted thus far lacked an assessment of Tanner pubertal stage. This study aimed to assess the contribution of pubertal development to sexual dimorphism in cortisol production and metabolism. Methods Participants (n = 218) were enrolled from a population-based Netherlands Twin Register. At the ages of 9, 12 and 17 years, Tanner pubertal stage was assessed and early morning urine samples were collected. Cortisol metabolites were measured with GC-MS/MS and ratios were calculated, representing cortisol metabolism enzyme activities, such as A-ring reductases, 11β-HSDs and CYP3A4. Cortisol production and metabolism parameters were compared between sexes for pre-pubertal (Tanner stage 1), early pubertal (Tanner stage 2–3) and late-pubertal (Tanner stage 4–5) stages. Results Cortisol metabolite excretion rate decreased with pubertal maturation in both sexes, but did not significantly differ between sexes at any pubertal stage, although in girls a considerable decrease was observed between early and late-pubertal stage (P < 0.001). A-ring reductase activity was similar between sexes at pre- and early pubertal stages and was lower in girls than in boys at late-pubertal stage. Activities of 11β-HSDs were similar between sexes at pre-pubertal stage and favored cortisone in girls at early and late-pubertal stages. Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity did not differ between sexes. Conclusions Prepubertally, sexes were similar in cortisol parameters. During puberty, as compared to boys, in girls the activities of A-ring reductases declined and the balance between 11β-HSDs progressively favored cortisone. In addition, girls showed a considerable decrease in cortisol metabolite excretion rate between early and late-pubertal stages. Our findings suggest that the sexual dimorphism in cortisol may either be explained by rising concentrations of sex steroids or by puberty-induced changes in body composition.

Urinary gonadotropin measurements by enhanced luminometric assays (LIA) for the evaluation of pubertal development

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
And Demir ◽  
Adem Aydın ◽  
Atilla Büyükgebiz ◽  
Ulf-Håkan Stenman ◽  
Matti Hero
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Sensitive Detection Technique ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Objectives Determination of LH in urine has proved to be a reliable method for evaluation of pubertal development. The human LH assay based on time-resolved immunofluorometric (IFMA) technology (AutoDELFIA, PerkinElmer, Wallac) has been found to be suitable for this purpose thanks to its high sensitivity but other assays have not been evaluated. We have analyzed our data obtained by another potentially sensitive detection technique, enhanced luminometric assay (LIA) with the objective of finding a viable alternative to IFMA since these may not be available in the future. Methods LIA was used to measure LH and FSH in serum and urine samples from 100 healthy subjects of each Tanner stage and both genders, whose pubertal development has been determined. Results Urinary gonodotropin concentrations measured by LIA correlated well with Tanner stage [(r=0.93 for girls, r=0.81 for boys; p<0.01 for LH) and (r=0.81 for girls, r=0.73 for boys; p<0.01 for FSH)]. LIA determinations revealed the increase in U-LH concentrations during the transition from Tanner stage 1–2 in both girls and boys (p<0.001), whereas U-FSH and S-LH were able to detect the increase from Tanner stage 1–2 only in boys or girls, respectively (both p<0.001). Conclusions Measurement of urinary gonadotropin concentrations by LIA may be useful for the evaluation of overall pubertal development and also in the detection of transition from prepuberty to puberty.

Iron and Hematological Status among Adolescent Athletes Tracked through Puberty

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Noreen D. Willows ◽  
Susan K. Grimston ◽  
David J. Smith ◽  
David A. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Prepubertal Boys

This study assessed change in hematological status among physically active children as they progressed through puberty. Values for serum ferritin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit at all stages of puberty were within the normal range of reference values. Significant changes in serum ferritin were not detected in the different pubertal stages, although serum ferritin was highest in prepubertal boys and girls. There were no significant differences in marginal or deficient iron stores between the sexes at any pubertal stage, suggesting that gender was not predisposing for iron deficiency; however, girls had a greater overall incidence for both measures. With more children under consideration, these trends may have reached significance. Boys in TS4 and TS5 had higher hemoglobin and hematocrit compared with earlier stages of puberty, and compared with girls at the same stages of puberty. This can be explained by testosterone production in boys. Among girls, pubertal progression had no significant effect on hemoglobin or hematocrit. In the absence of controls, there was no direct evidence that involvement in sports had an adverse effect on iron status.

scholarly journals The Association of Obesity and Hyperandrogenemia during the Pubertal Transition in Girls: Obesity as a Potential Factor in the Genesis of Postpubertal Hyperandrogenism

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1714-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. McCartney ◽  
Kathleen A. Prendergast ◽  
Sandhya Chhabra ◽  
Christine A. Eagleson ◽  
Richard Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Context: Adolescent hyperandrogenemia is considered a forerunner of adult polycystic ovary syndrome, but its etiology remains uncertain. Objective: Our objective was to explore the hypothesis that peripubertal obesity is associated with hyperandrogenemia. Design and Setting: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained at General Clinical Research Centers. Subjects: Subjects were 41 obese [body mass index (BMI) for age, ≥95%] and 35 normal-weight (BMI for age, &lt;95%) peripubertal girls. Intervention: We used pooled blood samples (∼0500–0700 h; n = 64) while fasting or single morning (fasting) samples (n = 12). Main Outcome Measures: We assessed adiposity and androgen concentrations. Results: BMI correlated with total testosterone (T) (rs = 0.59), SHBG (rs = −0.69), and free T (rs = 0.69); free T was three times as great in obese girls compared with normal-weight girls (P &lt; 0.0001 for all). BMI correlated with insulin (rs = 0.52); both insulin and LH correlated with free T (rs = 0.45 and 0.44, respectively; P &lt; 0.001 for all). When analyzing early pubertal girls (pubertal stages 1–3; n = 36) alone, BMI correlated with total T (rs = 0.65), SHBG (rs = −0.74), and free T (rs = 0.75); free T was five times as great in obese early-pubertal girls (P &lt; 0.001 for all). BMI correlated with insulin (rs = 0.65), and insulin correlated with free T (rs = 0.63, P &lt; 0.01 for both). BMI correlated with free T while simultaneously adjusting for age, pubertal stage, insulin, LH, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Conclusion: Peripubertal obesity is associated with marked hyperandrogenemia, which is especially pronounced in early puberty.

scholarly journals Changes in Serum Insulin-Like Factor 3 during Normal Male Puberty

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3426-3431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferlin ◽  
Andrea Garolla ◽  
Franco Rigon ◽  
Lucia Rasi Caldogno ◽  
Andrea Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Stages

Abstract Context: Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is produced by the Leydig cells, and in adults, its secretion is dependent on the state of differentiation of these cells, which, in turn, is dependent on LH. However, the secretion and regulation of INSL3 during puberty is unknown. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate INSL3 concentrations during normal male puberty and the relation of INSL3 to LH, FSH, and testosterone. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional study from January to December 2005 at academic clinics. Patients: Participating in the study were 75 healthy male subjects aged 9.5–17.5 yr, homogeneously distributed into five pubertal groups of 15 according to Tanner stages. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed mean testicular volume and LH, FSH, testosterone, and INSL3 concentrations in relation to age and pubertal stage. Results: We observed an increase of INSL3 and LH levels from Tanner stage 2 to 4, and an increase of FSH from stage 2 to 3. Testosterone levels increased from stage 3 to 4. No differences were seen for all measured hormones between stages 4 and 5. The increase in INSL3 seemed therefore to anticipate the increase in testosterone. However, INSL3 plasma concentrations at pubertal stages 4 and 5 are about one fourth of adult levels, whereas FSH, LH, and testosterone reached adult levels by stage 4. Positive significant correlations were found between INSL3 and LH for all pubertal stages. Conclusions: This study provides information on the physiological dynamics of INSL3, showing that the serum concentrations of this hormone increased progressively throughout puberty under the differentiating action of LH on Leydig cells. INSL3 is therefore confirmed to represent a marker of Leydig cell differentiation and function. However, a prolonged exposure to LH seems to be necessary to reach INSL3 concentrations of adults. A possible use of INSL3 in puberty disorders is promising.

scholarly journals Changes of diurnal rhythm and levels of total and free testosterone secretion from pre to late puberty in boys: testis size of 3 ml is a transition stage to puberty

2004 ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ankarberg-Lindgren ◽  
E Norjavaara
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Serial Sampling ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
Pubertal Boys

OBJECTIVE: To establish levels for comparison for 24-h total and free serum testosterone in prepubertal boys and throughout pubertal development. DESIGN: The study subjects were 55 healthy boys, aged 5.0-18.6 years, who underwent serial sampling one or more times during their pubertal development. METHODS: Testicular volumes were determined by orchidometer. Serum testosterone was measured by a modified RIA (detection limit, 0.03 nmol/l). Free testosterone was calculated (calc-FT) using a formula derived from the law of mass action. RESULTS: Significant increases in testosterone and calc-FT concentrations in boys were found between testis volumes of 1 ml to 2 ml, 2 ml to 3 ml, 6 ml to 8 ml, and 10 ml to 15 ml. No differences were found between testis volumes of 3, 4, 5 and 6 ml neither were there differences between 8 and 10 ml, or between 15, 20 and 25 ml. Boys who had reached their final height had higher calc-FT values than boys who had the same pubertal development but had not reached their final height. Based on the results, puberty was classified into six stages: pre1 (testis, 1 ml), pre2 (testis, 2 ml), early (testis, 3-6 ml), mid (testis, 8-12 ml), late1 (testis,15-25 ml, not reached final height) and late2 (testis, 15-25 ml, reached final height). Serum testosterone was secreted with a diurnal variation in prepuberty and during puberty. The increase of testosterone in the morning hours started earlier in pubertal than in pre-pubertal boys. The most pronounced diurnal rhythm was found in early and in mid puberty. CONCLUSION: Using a sensitive method, and a pubertal reclassification, we have established levels for comparison of testosterone and calc-FT in prepubertal and pubertal boys. The existence of data for comparison forms the basis for future studies on pubertal disorders.

scholarly journals Urinary and salivary endocrine measurements to complement Tanner staging in studies of pubertal development

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251598
Author(s):  
Mandy Goldberg ◽  
Anna J. Ciesielski Jones ◽  
John A. McGrath ◽  
Christie Barker-Cummings ◽  
Deborah S. Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stage 1

Background Many studies investigating pubertal development use Tanner staging to assess maturation. Endocrine markers in urine and saliva may provide an objective, sensitive, and non-invasive method for assessing development. Objective Our objective was to examine whether changes in endocrine levels can indicate the onset of pubertal development prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Methods Thirty-five girls and 42 boys aged 7 to 15 years were enrolled in the Growth and Puberty (GAP) study, a longitudinal pilot study conducted from 2007–2009 involving children of women enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa. We collected saliva and urine samples and assessed pubertal development by self-rated Tanner staging (pubic hair, breast development (girls), genital development (boys)) at three visits over six months. We measured dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva and creatinine-adjusted luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) concentrations in first morning urine. We evaluated the relationships over time between Tanner stage and each biomarker using repeated measures analysis. Results Among girls still reporting Tanner breast stage 1 at the final visit, FSH levels increased over the 6-month follow-up period and were no longer lower than higher stage girls at the end of follow-up. We observed a similar pattern for testosterone in boys. By visit 3, boys still reporting Tanner genital stage 1 or pubic hair stage 1 had attained DHEA levels that were comparable to those among boys reporting Tanner stages 2 or 3. Conclusions Increasing concentrations of FSH in girls and DHEA and testosterone in boys over a 6-month period revealed the start of the pubertal process prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Repeated, non-invasive endocrine measures may complement the more subjective assessment of physical markers in studies determining pubertal onset.

scholarly journals Complex Biological Pattern of Fertility Hormones in Children and Adolescents: A Study of Healthy Children from the CALIPER Cohort and Establishment of Pediatric Reference Intervals

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Konforte ◽  
Jennifer L Shea ◽  
Lianna Kyriakopoulou ◽  
David Colantonio ◽  
Ashley H Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pubertal Stage

BACKGROUND Pediatric endocrinopathies are commonly diagnosed and monitored by measuring hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Because growth and development can markedly influence normal circulating concentrations of fertility hormones, accurate reference intervals established on the basis of a healthy, nonhospitalized pediatric population and that reflect age-, gender-, and pubertal stage–specific changes are essential for test result interpretation. METHODS Healthy children and adolescents (n = 1234) were recruited from a multiethnic population as part of the CALIPER study. After written informed parental consent was obtained, participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic and pubertal development information (assessed by self-reported Tanner stage) and provided a blood sample. We measured 7 fertility hormones including estradiol, testosterone (second generation), progesterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone by use of the Abbott Architect i2000 analyzer. We then used these data to calculate age-, gender-, and Tanner stage–specific reference intervals according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS We observed a complex pattern of change in each analyte concentration from the neonatal period to adolescence. Consequently, many age and sex partitions were required to cover the changes in most fertility hormones over this period. An exception to this was prolactin, for which no sex partition and only 3 age partitions were necessary. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive database of pediatric reference intervals for fertility hormones will be of global benefit and should lead to improved diagnosis of pediatric endocrinopathies. The new database will need to be validated in local populations and for other immunoassay platforms as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.

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