Detection of Insulin Resistance by Simple Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index QUICKI for Epidemiological Assessment and Prevention

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the recently defined simple insulin sensitivity check index QUICKI (Katz et al. 2000) for insulin resistance diagnostics in common clinical and epidemiological practice. Both the QUICKI (1/log insulin + log glycemia in mg/dL) and HOMA (insulin * glycemia in μmol/L/22.5) indexes were calculated from fasting values in 259 adult healthy volunteers and patients, and in 47 healthy and obese children of prepubertal age of both sexes. In adults, a fall in the QUICKI index (mean ± SEM in healthy subjects = 0.366 ± 0.029) as well as an increase in the HOMA index (in healthy subjects 1.57 ± 0.87) corresponded to metabolic and clinical manifestations of insulin resistance in various groups of outpatients. The QUICKI index had lower dispersion variances and the 95% confidence limits displayed a higher discrimination capacity. Patients with glucose intolerance or diabetes, hyperlipidemia typical for insulin resistance, or with combination of these metabolic disorders were characterized by QUICKI index values that were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers. The QUICKI index in healthy prepubertal children indicated a higher insulin resistance compared to adults (mean 0.339 ± 0.020); an increase in the QUICKI index in obese children with BMI over 25 was not significant, although obese children showed a significant increase of serum leptin and triglycerides and a decrease of HDL-cholesterol. Adult patients with QUICKI index below 0.357 (which is at the lower limit of 95% confidence limits in healthy persons) represented a group with typical manifestations of metabolic syndrome, differing in these parameters significantly from the group of patients of comparable age with a QUICKI index greater than 0.357. The present study suggests suitability of the QUICKI index for diagnosis of insulin resistance in clinical and epidemiological practice. However, a normal QUICKI index range needs to be established for each laboratory with an appropriate control group because of significant interlaboratory variations in insulin determinations and/or possible differences in various populations.

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Insulin Sensitizing and Antiatherogenic Role of Adiponectin: A Cross Sectional Study among the Healthy Subjects in Kerala

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i12/1281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 869-874

Author(s):

Dr. Manju K Sudharmadevi ◽

Dr. Leena K Balakumaran ◽

Dr. Vijayalekshmi Lekshminarayan ◽

Dr. Shenoy K Trivikrama

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Calculated Data ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Serum Adiponectin ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Positive Correlation

Background of the study and objectives: Adiponectin, the most abundantly secreted adipokine plays a central role in energy homeostasis. Different studies have reported the protective role of adiponectin in obesity related complications such as insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis etc. Since not much studies were conducted to analyze the role of adiponectin in the metabolic homeostasis among the healthy population in Kerala, we designed this study. Materials and methods: This study included 170 healthy subjects of both gender in the age group of 20-60 years. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded. BMI, WHR and BF% were calculated. Fasting blood sample was used to measure glucose, lipid profile, insulin and adiponectin. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and QUICKI were calculated. Data was analyzed by student’s ‘t’ test and pearson’s correlation analysis. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum adiponectin showed a negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.583) and body fat percentage (r=-0.369). An inverse significant correlation of adiponectin with serum triglycerides (p=0.01), fasting glucose (p=0.01) and HOMA-IR (p=0.001) was observed. But insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) (p=0.001) and serum HDL-cholesterol (p=0.01) showed a significant positive correlation with adiponectin. Analysis of the study subjects based on BMI showed a significant decrease in serum adiponectin (p=0.001) among obese group in comparison with normal weight subjects. Hypoadiponectinemia among obese subjects was also found to be associated with insulin resistance and decreased insulin sensitivity expressed as QUICKI. Conclusion: Serum adiponectin showed a positive correlation with insulin sensitivity and HDL-cholesterol. Adiponectin retains a significant role as a mediator of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.

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Some psychological characteristics of children and adolescents with vitiligo: Our results

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0606265p ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 (5-6) ◽

pp. 265-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sonja Prcic ◽

Dusanka Djurovic ◽

Verica Djuran ◽

Dusan Vukovic ◽

Zorica Gajinov

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Relations ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Physical Appearance ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Control Group ◽

Risk Scale ◽

Prepubertal Age

Introduction. Numerous studies have characterized patients with chronic skin disease as psychologically vulnerable, mainly due to the fact that their condition affects their social relations and all other aspects of life. The purpose of this work was to determine whether there are significant differences in the level of anxiety, severity of depressive symptoms, and presence of stressful life events between adolescent patients with vitiligo and healthy peers. Material and methods. 33 patients with vitiligo aged 10-15 years, and a control group of 60 healthy subjects of the same age, were included in this prospective study. A clinical examination was performed to determine the clinical types of vitiligo, estimate depressive symptoms using the Birleson Depression Scale, and anxiety was evaluated by the Spielberger's scale (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). For determination of the frequency of stressful events, the Risk Scale was used. Results. Adolescents with vitiligo did not show more pronounced signs of anxiety or depression than healthy subjects; differences were not apparent in the Risk Scale either, considering stressful events. Discussion and conclusion. The lack of differences between the two examined groups might be due to prepubertal age of the majority of subjects. 63.63% of all children included in this study were in the prepubertal age (10-12 years), which is the period when they are still not focused on their own body and changes to physical appearance. It is possible that early onset of vitiligo is a "protective factor", enabling the child to attain compensatory mechanisms to solve the problem of vitiligo through various interests and aspirations, which do not depend on physical appearance. .

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Susceptibility to oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and insulin secretory response in the development of diabetes from obesity

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0706391k ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 391-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Radivoj Kocic ◽

Dusica Pavlovic ◽

Gordana Kocic ◽

Milica Pesic

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Critical Role ◽

Secretory Response ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Apparent Difference ◽

Insulin Secretory Response

Background/Aim. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recent reports indicate that obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to potentiate oxidative stress as a factor which may aggravate peripheral insulin sensitivity and insulinsecretory response in obesity in this way to potentiate development of diabetes. The aim of the study was also to establish whether insulin-secretory response after glucagonstimulated insulin secretion is susceptible to prooxidant/ antioxidant homeostasis status, as well as to determine the extent of these changes. Methods. A mathematical model of glucose/insulin interactions and C-peptide was used to indicate the degree of insulin resistance and to assess their possible relationship with altered antioxidant/prooxidant homeostasis. The study included 24 obese healthy and 16 obese newly diagnozed non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (NIDDM) as well as 20 control healthy subjects, matched in age. Results. Total plasma antioxidative capacity, erythrocyte and plasma reduced glutathione level were significantly decreased in obese diabetic patients, but also in obese healthy subjects, compared to the values in controls. The plasma lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyl groups were significantly higher in obese diabetics, more than in obese healthy subjects, compared to the control healthy subjects. The increase of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation at basal state was shown to be more pronounced in obese daibetics, but the apparent difference was obtained in both the obese healthy subjects and obese diabetics, compared to the control values, after exposing of erythrocytes to oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Positive correlation was found between the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and index of insulin sensitivity (FIRI). Conclusion. Increased oxidative stress together with the decreased antioxidative defence seems to contribute to decreased insulin sensitivity and impaired insulin secretory response in obese diabetics, and may be hypothesized to favour the development of diabetes during obesity.

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Insulin resistance caused by amylin in conscious rats is independent of induced hypocalcemia and fades during long-term exposure

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1290360 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 360-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Clemens Fürnsinn ◽

Peter Nowotny ◽

Michael Roden ◽

Madeleine Rohac ◽

Thomas Pieber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Short Term ◽

Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

To compare the effect of short- vs long-term amylin infusion on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and serum calcemia, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (26 pmol·kg−1·min−1) and glucose tolerance tests (2.4 mmol/kg over 30 min) were performed in lean Zucker rats. Three infusion protocols were employed: control group: 24 h of iv saline; short-term amylin exposure: 22 h of iv saline followed by 2 h of iv amylin (20 μg/h); long-term amylin exposure: 24 h of iv amylin (20 μg/h). Insulin resistance was induced by short-term amylin infusion during euglycemic clamping, as shown by a 41% decrease in space-corrected glucose infusion rates (μmol·kg−1·min−1; control group, 106.0±15.0; short-term iv amylin, 62.7±15.0; p<0.00 5). After long-term amylin exposure, insulin sensitivity was identical to control values (109.9±6.7). This fading action of amylin was confirmed by data from the glucose tolerance test, demonstrating glucose intolerance after short- but not after long-term amylin exposure. Serum calcium concentration decreased during short-term (2 h) amylin infusion (from 2.52±0.15 to 2.09±0.12 mmol/l; p<0.01) and hypocalcemia of a similar extent also was present after 22 h and 24 h of amylin exposure (2.10±0.09 and 2.04±0.14 mmol/l, respectively). The data demonstrate that short-term amylin infusion induces insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, both of which vanish during long-term (>22 h) amylin exposure, being apparently independent of induced hypocalcemia.

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Insulin sensitivity and big ET-1 conversion to ET-1 after ETA- or ETB-receptor blockade in humans

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00477.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 2112-2121 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gunvor Ahlborg ◽

Jonas Lindström

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Receptor Blockade ◽

Receptor Stimulation ◽

Renal Vasoconstriction ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Etb Receptor

Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by insulin resistance and elevated endothelin (ET)-1 levels. Furthermore, ET-1 induces insulin resistance. To elucidate this mechanism, six healthy subjects were studied during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp during infusion of (the ET-1 precursor) big ET-1 alone or after ETA- or ETB-receptor blockade. Insulin levels rose after big ET-1 with or without the ETB antagonist BQ-788 ( P < 0.05) but were unchanged after the ETA antagonist BQ-123 + big ET-1. Infused glucose divided by insulin fell after big ET-1 with or without BQ-788 ( P < 0.05). Insulin and infused glucose divided by insulin values were normalized by ETA blockade. Mean arterial blood pressure rose during big ET-1 with or without BQ-788 ( P < 0.001) but was unchanged after BQ-123. Skeletal muscle, splanchnic, and renal blood flow responses to big ET-1 were abolished by BQ-123. ET-1 levels rose after big ET-1 ( P< 0.01) in a similar way after BQ-123 or BQ-788, despite higher elimination capacity after ETA blockade. In conclusion, ET-1-induced reduction in insulin sensitivity and clearance as well as splanchnic and renal vasoconstriction are ETA mediated. ETA-receptor stimulation seems to inhibit the conversion of big ET-1 to ET-1.

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Sucralose decreases insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 485-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Alonso Romo-Romo ◽

Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas ◽

Griselda X Brito-Córdova ◽

Rita A Gómez-Díaz ◽

Paloma Almeda-Valdes

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Acute Insulin Response ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose

ABSTRACT Background Recently, the absence of metabolic effects from nonnutritive sweeteners has been questioned. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sucralose consumption on glucose metabolism variables. Design We performed a randomized controlled trial involving healthy subjects without comorbidities and with a low habitual consumption of nonnutritive sweeteners (n = 33/group). Methods The intervention consisted of sucralose consumption as 15% of Acceptable Daily Intake every day for 14 d using commercial sachets. The control group followed the same procedures without any intervention. The glucose metabolism variables (insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response to glucose, disposition index, and glucose effectiveness) were evaluated by using a 3-h modified intravenous-glucose-tolerance test before and after the intervention period. Results Individuals assigned to sucralose consumption showed a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity with a median (IQR) percentage change of −17.7% (−29.3% to −1.0%) in comparison to −2.8% (−30.7% to 40.6%) in the control group (P= 0.04). An increased acute insulin response to glucose from 577 mU · L-1· min (350–1040 mU · L-1· min) to 671 mU · L-1· min (376–1010 mU · L-1· min) (P = 0.04) was observed in the sucralose group for participants with adequate adherence. Conclusions Sucralose may have effects on glucose metabolism, and our study complements findings previously reported in other trials. Further studies are needed to confirm the decrease in insulin sensitivity and to explore the mechanisms for these metabolic alterations. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02589002.

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Subcutaneous adipocytes from obese hyperinsulinemic women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit normal insulin sensitivity but reduced maximal insulin responsiveness

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02027 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 153 (6) ◽

pp. 831-835 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Erika Lystedt ◽

Hanna Westergren ◽

Jan Brynhildsen ◽

Lotta Lindh-Åstrand ◽

Johanna Gustavsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Insulin Effect

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has a high prevalence in women and is often associated with insulin resistance and hence with aspects of the so-called metabolic syndrome. Methods: Ten women diagnosed with PCOS were consecutively included (aged 21–39 years, average 30.2 ± 1.9 years; body mass index 28.4–42.5 kg/m2, average 37.5 ± 1.7 kg/m2 (mean ± s.e.)). Adipocytes were isolated from the subcutaneous fat and, after overnight incubation to recover from insulin resistance due to the surgical cell isolation procedures, they were analyzed for insulin sensitivity. Results: The patients with PCOS exhibited marked clinical hyperinsulinemia with 3.6-fold higher blood levels of C-peptide than a healthy lean control group (1.7 ± 0.2 and 0.5 ± 0.02 nmol/l respectively, P < 0.0001). The patients with PCOS also exhibited 2.4-fold higher concentrations of serum triacylglycerol (2.1 ± 0.3 and 0.9 ± 0.06 mmol/l respectively, P < 0.0001), but only slightly elevated blood pressure (118 ± 12/76 ± 6 and 113 ± 7/72 ± 6 mmHg respectively, P = 0.055/0.046). However, insulin sensitivity for stimulation of glucose transport in the isolated adipocytes was indistinguishable from a non-PCOS, non-diabetic control group, while the maximal insulin effect on glucose uptake was significantly lower (2.2 ± 0.2- and 3.8 ± 0.8-fold respectively, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Subcutaneous adipocytes from patients with PCOS do not display reduced insulin sensitivity. The findings show that the insulin resistance of PCOS is qualitatively different from that of type 2 diabetes.

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Effect of the rs997509 Polymorphism on the Association between Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase Phosphodiesterase 1 and Metabolic Syndrome and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Childhood Obesity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2008-1659 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 300-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Nicola Santoro ◽

Grazia Cirillo ◽

Maria Grazia Lepore ◽

Alfonsina Palma ◽

Alessandra Amato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Rare Allele ◽

Common Allele ◽

Obese Children

Abstract Context: Variants on the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP-1) gene have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Because insulin resistance is a pivotal factor in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), we aimed to test the association between the K121Q and rs997509 ENPP-1 variants with obesity, MS and IGT in obese children and adolescents. Methods: We screened 809 children, 409 obese and 400 lean controls. Obese subjects underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test, whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were calculated. Results: No difference in prevalence for K121Q and rs997509 polymorphisms between obese and controls (P > 0.05) were observed. Obese children carrying the rs997509 rare allele showed higher insulin (P = 0.001), HOMA (P < .001) and lower WBISI values (P = 0.04) compared with common allele homozygous. A similar observation was done for K121Q variant, with 121Q allele carriers showing higher insulin (P = 0.03) and HOMA (P = 0.04) values than 121K homozygotes. Moreover, subjects carrying the rs997509 rare allele had higher risk of MS (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.3) and IGT (odds ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–11.4) than common allele homozygotes. Evaluating combined effects of both polymorphisms, which are in strong linkage disequilibrium, we showed that the effect on insulin sensitivity was due to the rs997509 T variant. Conclusion: We conclude that the ENPP1 rs997509T allele can predispose obese children to MS and IGT and that this variant might drive the association between the ENPP1 121Q allele and insulin resistance.

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The Resistance Training Reverses Insulin Resistance in Rats with Periodontitis

Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes ◽

10.46642/efd.v25i273.2371 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (273) ◽

pp. 97-113

Author(s):

Max Sander de Oliveira da Mota ◽

Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera ◽

Thaís Verônica Saori Tsosura ◽

Fernando Yamamoto Chiba ◽

Renato Felipe Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Disease Group ◽

Western Blot Method ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

The present study, aimed to evaluate the effects of resistance training (RT) on glycemia, insulinemia, insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling (IS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in rats with periodontitis. 40 male Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: sedentary control group (SCN), exercised control group (ExCN), sedentary ligature-induced periodontal disease group (SPD), and exercised ligature-induced periodontal disease group (ExPD). 28 days after inducing periodontitis the RT started (14-week). Glycemia, insulin, TNF-α levels, and insulin sensitivity were analyzed using various methods. IS was evaluated by measuring tyrosine phosphorylated pp185 in insulin-sensitive tissues (western blot method). Higher levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α, and a decrease in insulin sensitivity were observed in the SPD group, which also had decreased levels of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylated pp185 in muscle and adipose tissue, when compared to the other groups. The ExPD group had increased levels of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylated pp185 compared to the SPD group, but showed no significant difference when compared to the SCN and ExCN groups. RT reversed both the insulin resistance (IR) and the IS alterations in rats with induced periodontitis, and decreased the insulin and TNF-α levels. Therefore, the results of show the importance of RT in preventing or reversing IR in rats with periodontitis.

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An Exercise Intervention to Unravel the Mechanisms Underlying Insulin Resistance in a Cohort of Black South African Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Baseline Characteristics of Participants (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.9098 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Julia H Goedecke ◽

Amy E Mendham ◽

Louise Clamp ◽

Pamela A Nono Nankam ◽

Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

South African ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

African Women ◽

Control Group ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Black South African ◽

Causal Pathways

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in black African women is complex and differs from that in their white counterparts. However, earlier studies have been cross-sectional and provide little insight into the causal pathways. Exercise training is consistently used as a model to examine the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and risk for T2D. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in obese black South African (SA) women. METHODS A total of 45 obese (body mass index, BMI: 30-40 kg/m2) black SA women were randomized into a control (n=22) or experimental (exercise; n=23) group. The exercise group completed 12 weeks of supervised combined aerobic and resistance training (40-60 min, 4 days/week), while the control group maintained their typical physical activity patterns, and both groups were requested not to change their dietary patterns. Before and following the 12-week intervention period, insulin sensitivity and secretion (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and its primary and secondary determinants were measured. Dietary intake, sleep quality and quantity, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were measured every 4 weeks. RESULTS The final sample included 20 exercise and 15 control participants. Baseline sociodemographics, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, physical activity, and diet did not differ between the groups (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The study describes a research protocol for an exercise intervention to understand the mechanisms underlying insulin sensitivity and secretion in obese black SA women and aims to identify causal pathways underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and risk for T2D in black SA women, targeting specific areas for therapeutic intervention. CLINICALTRIAL Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201711002789113; http://www.pactr.org/ATMWeb/ appmanager/atm/atmregistry?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=portals_app_atmregistry_portal_page_13 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xLEFqKr0)

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