scholarly journals Sex Differences in Performance of a Clinically-Relevant Dual-Task Assessment in Healthy College Students

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S33.2-S34
Author(s):  
Nicholas Erdman, AT ◽  
Juliana Jimenez ◽  
David Howell ◽  
Thomas Buckley ◽  
Joseph Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Word List ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Clinical Measures

ObjectiveTo determine if biological sex influenced performance on a novel dual-task (DT) assessment which consisted of commonly used clinical measures of sport concussion (SC) in healthy college students.BackgroundDT assessments consist of motor and cognitive tasks administered simultaneously and show promise as clinical measures of SC.Design/MethodsOur cross-sectional study included 60 (53.3% female) healthy, recreationally active college students (age = 20.5 ± 1.34 years, height = 171.7 ± 9.33 cm, mass = 69.25 ± 12.23 kg). Participants completed the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) and timed tandem gait (TTG) test independently (single task [ST]) and concurrently (DT). The revised SAC (45 points) which included a 10-word list was utilized. The TTG composite score was a sum of the average time to completion for each SAC task (3 trials for immediate memory [10-word list], up to 5 trials for the digits-backwards task, and one trial for the months in reverse order and delayed recall tasks). Independent t-tests were used to assess for sex differences for SAC and TTG performance during ST and DT administration. 2 × 2 factorial analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess for sex (male, female) by task (ST, DT) interaction effects with effect sizes calculated using Cohen’s d. All analyses were assessed at α = 0.05.ResultsNo sex differences were observed for ST performance of the SAC (males = 37.1 ± 3.45 points, females = 37.4 ± 3.74 points; t[58] = 0.28, p = 0.78) or TTG (males = 44.3 ± 7.09 seconds, females = 46.1 ± 8.88 seconds; t[58] = 0.88, p = 0.38). No sex differences were observed for DT performance of the SAC (males = 39.7 ± 4.50 points, females = 39.2 ± 3.12 points; t[58] = 0.46, p = 0.64) or TTG (males = 52.1 ± 8.56 seconds, females = 52.1 ± 10.28 seconds; t[58] = 0.02, p = 0.98). No sex by task interaction effects were observed for SAC (F = 0.74, p = 0.39, d = 0.23) or TTG (F = 1.1, p = 0.30, d = 0.28) performance for ST or DT assessment.ConclusionsOur results indicate that our novel DT assessment was robust to sex differences in healthy college students which supports the utilization of our DT assessment across sexes without adjustment for interpretation.

scholarly journals Knowledge, training and willingness to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e046694
Author(s):  
Jiani Mao ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Dianguo Xing ◽  
Huixian Zhou ◽  
Ling Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Cpr Training

ObjectiveTo evaluate knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among Chinese college students and their attitude towards participating in CPR training and willingness to perform bystander CPR.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 1128 college students were selected through a multistage stratified random sampling method from 12 universities in Chongqing, China.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcomes included CPR knowledge and willingness to participate in training and perform bystander CPR; secondary outcomes included CPR training experience and obstacles to training and performing CPR.ResultsThe average score on CPR knowledge was 2.078 (±1.342). Only 45.5% of the respondents were willing to participate in CPR training. Women, respondents who were postgraduate or above, with liberal arts as major and with high CPR knowledge level were more willing to participate in CPR training. A total of 47.2% of the respondents were willing to provide simple assistance, such as checking the consciousness and breathing of the patient and dialling 120 (medical emergency call). Only 34.1% indicated their willingness to perform bystander CPR on strangers. Perceived behavioural control, behavioural attitudes and subjective norms are positive predictors of willingness to provide bystander CPR.ConclusionsCPR knowledge and training rate were low among Chongqing college students. Willingness to participate in training and perform bystander CPR was also low. Improving legislation, strengthening training programmes, incorporating CPR training into the school curriculum and reshaping the social and public culture of offering timely help to those in need are recommended strategies to improve bystander CPR performance.

scholarly journals Impact of Birth Control Use on Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Female College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
Lilah Chase ◽  
Jesse Morrell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
College Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female College

Abstract Objectives Research suggests birth control (BC) use alters blood lipids in women. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in metabolic syndrome risk between birth control users vs. nonusers in a sample of female college students, 18–24 years old. Methods Data were collected between 2005–18 from the College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey, an ongoing, cross-sectional study conducted at a midsized, northeastern university. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measures were obtained in the fasted state and used to determine metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence. BC use was self-reported. Proportional differences between BC vs. non-BC users of MetS and individual MetS components were evaluated via chi-square tests. Results Forty-five % of the final sample (n = 6456) reported using BC. MetS (≥3 MetS criteria) was present in 3.9% of students; 16.7% of students had ≥ 2 MetS criteria. BC users vs. nonusers were more likely to have at-risk triglyceride levels (22.4 vs. 11.0%, P < .001) but less likely to have at-risk HDL levels (21.2 vs. 27.7%, P < .001) and abdominal obesity (14.3% vs. 16.4, P < .05). No significant differences were observed in prevalence of elevated blood pressure or glucose between BC users vs. nonusers. Overall, MetS prevalence did not differ between groups (3.8 vs. 3.9%, P = .85). Conclusions Our findings suggest BC use is common and impacts different MetS criteria in college females. College health providers and nutrition educators can utilize research findings to tailor information for female students at risk for MetS and chronic disease. Funding Sources New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1,010,738.

Evaluating the Association Between Artificial Sweetener Intake and Indicators of Stress and Anxiety

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110221
Author(s):  
Benjamin Miller ◽  
Paul Branscum
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) consumption and stress and anxiety, among a sample of college students. Two-hundred and twenty-seven students from a large mid-western university participated in this cross-sectional study. Students completed an online survey that evaluated NNS using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Stress and anxiety were evaluated using previously validated instruments. Most students reported very low/low/average concern for stress (63.9%), and had low/moderate anxiety (82.3%). Participants experiencing high and very high levels of stress had significantly higher NNS consumption compared to those with a very low and low risk, and concern for stress ( p < .046; d = 0.28). There was no difference however for NNS intake and anxiety. Reduction of artificial sweetener intake may be associated with stress levels among college students. However, more research is needed to examine any causal relationship between artificial sweetener intake and stress.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Restrained Eating, Body Image, and Dietary Intake among University Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Cuiting Yong ◽  
Hanmei Liu ◽  
Qiping Yang ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Yufeng Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese College Students

This study aims to explore the association between restrained eating, body image, and dietary intake among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study included 1301 college students at two universities in Hunan Province. Electronic questionnaires were used to collect information including students’ demographic characteristics, restrained eating, perception of body weight, body satisfaction, and dietary intake. Anthropometric measurements were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of high restrained eating was 52.8%. Students who were dissatisfied with their bodies or overestimated their body weight showed a higher tendency toward high restrained eating (p < 0.05). Students with high restrained eating tended to eat fruits and eggs more frequently, while the frequency of eating domestic animals and poultry, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast food were the opposite. Moreover, high restrained eating was a risk factor for low dietary diversity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.384, 95% confidence interval: 1.002~1.912). The high incidence of restrained eating among Chinese college students and its energy-restricted diets that may lead to possible health implications require attention. Further studies are needed to investigate the characteristics of college students’ restrained eating to tailor appropriate interventions for forming positive body images and promoting healthy eating behaviors, thus, improving dietary quality.

scholarly journals Does social support matter? The mediating links with coping strategy and anxiety among Chinese college students in a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Jun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Coping

Abstract Background The provision of public adaptive coping strategies to reduce psychological tension during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is critical. We sought to provide evidence-based guidance for psychological intervention, exploring the potential mediating roles of three sources of social support (i.e., subjective support, family support and counselor support) between coping strategies (i.e., cognitive coping, emotional coping and behavioral coping), and anxiety among college students at the height of the pandemic in China. Methods Using the Coping Strategy Questionnaire, Social Support Questionnaire, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, this large-scale online study analyzed the levels of social support, coping, and anxiety among 2640 college students in China from February 21st to 24th, 2020, when the students had been isolated at home for 1 month since the lockdown of Wuhan city. Results Students reported high levels of cognitive coping, behavioral coping, and social support. They also experienced low levels of anxiety and emotional coping. Anxiety was significantly and negatively related to coping and social support. The mediating roles of three sources of social support were found between cognitive coping, behavioral coping, and anxiety, respectively. However, the effect of emotional coping on anxiety was not found to be mediated by social support. Conclusions Adopting positive coping strategies may enhance social support that in turn relieves anxiety. The effect of social support, especially family and counselor support, should arouse greater awareness in coping with the pandemic cognitively and behaviorally.

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