Concussion History Does Not Adversely Affect Trail Making Test Performance

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S12.2-S12
Author(s):  
Zarek Fasoranti ◽  
Alexander Enrique ◽  
Katie Hunzinger ◽  
Kelsey Bryk ◽  
Thomas Kaminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Concussion History

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of concussion history on the electronic version of the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and TMT-B performance.BackgroundThe effects of concussion history on cognitive performance when the individual is still young has received limited attention. There are inconsistent results in prior studies using computerized neurocognitive tests however the TMT assesses divergent neurologic systems including working memory, horizontal and vertical saccades, attention, cognitive processing, and executive function. While the TMT has routinely identified deficits acutely post-concussion, the long-term effect of prior concussions has not been established.Design/MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional design of 50 current intercollegiate division I athletes (56% female, age: 19.8 ± 1.3 y.o.). Participants completed a reliable concussion history questionnaire as well as the TMT-A and TMT-B on an iPad at baseline. The independent variable was concussion history and the dependent variables were total time on TMT-A and TMT-B which were compared by independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsOf the 50 student athletes 26 (52%) reported at least one previously diagnosed concussion. There was no significant difference between groups for the TMT-A (No prior concussion: 22.9 + 6.1 sec and Concussion history: 19.7 + 4.1, U = 227.0, p = 0.10) or TMT-B (No prior concussion: 42.1 + 13.2 sec and concussion history: 38.1 + 11.3, t = 1.17, p = 0.25).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that while still in college, a history of one or more prior concussions, did not adversely affect neurocognitive performance on either the TMT-A or B test. As concussion history is sometimes associated with later life neurocognitive performance, future studies should assess TMT-A and B across the lifespan.

scholarly journals B-70 The Effect of Bilingualism on Trail Making Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1018
Author(s):  
P Litvin ◽  
R Rugh-Fraser ◽  
W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
J Knight ◽  
R Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a number of cognitive deficits. Language factors also impact neurocognitive performance. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on a test of attention and executive functioning (Trail Making Test; TMT). Method The sample (N = 96) consisted of 36 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 17 monolingual), 34 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 21 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on TMT part A and B. Results Main effects were found between groups (i.e., control and TBI groups) on TMT A, p < .001, ηp² = .17 and TMT B, p < .05, ηp² = .09. Pairwise comparisons revealed a difference only between the control group and the 6-month TBI group, with the latter performing worse. Main effects were found for bilingualism/monolingualism on TMT A, p < .05, ηp² = .04 and TMT B, p < .05, ηp² = .05; monolingual participants performed better than bilingual participants. No interactions emerged. Conclusion Relative to monolinguals, bilingual participants demonstrated worse attention and executive functioning performances 6 months post-TBI; however, 12 months post-TBI, the difference was negligible.

Trail Making Test Performance in Relation to Certain Experimenter, Test and Subject Variables

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Parsons ◽  
Harriet I. Maslow ◽  
Freda Morris ◽  
J. Peter Denny
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Order Of Administration

The Trail Making Test, previously reported highly effective in differentiating brain-damaged from non-brain-damaged Ss, was administered to 21 brain-damaged Ss and 63 non-brain-damaged Ss. Since the latter Ss performed at a level indistinguishable from that of the brain-damaged Ss, several studies were designed in an attempt to “explain” the poor performance of the non-brain-damaged Ss. The possible effects of behavioral agitation, anxiety, examiner differences, facility with letters of the alphabet, order of administration, and ego-involvement were investigated. Only anxiety was found to be significantly related to performance. However, in other analyses age, education, vocabulary, and degree of psychiatric disturbance were significantly related to performance. Until these variables are considered in the scoring system, it seems unlikely that the TMT will be effective as a general screening test for brain-damage.

Diagnostic Efficiency of the Trail Making Test as a Function of Cut-off Score, Diagnosis, and Age

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman G. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Administration Hospital ◽  
Cutoff Scores ◽  
The Brain

This study is a reinvestigation of the effectiveness of the Trail Making Test in discriminating between brain-damaged ( n = 51) and pseudoneurologic ( n = 72) subjects. All subjects were hospitalized male veterans at the Allen Park Veterans Administration Hospital. An analysis of covariance showed that the pseudoneurologic subjects performed at a significantly higher level than the brain-damaged subjects. Further analysis with two different cutoff scores exhibited unequal discriminatory power throughout the whole range of Trail Making Test scores. These results suggested diagnosing only when the scores were 9 or lower and 13 or higher. This use of extreme scores resulted in an over-all hit rate of 87% in the study. Comparisons with five major subgroupings of the pseudoneurologic subjects yielded only one significant difference: more accurate discrimination with the 12 cut-off score between 10 general-medical and peripheral nerve-damaged subjects (100% correct) and 18 psychotic subjects (39% accuracy).

scholarly journals Assessment of in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Sarah Alaa Mohsen ◽  
Fatma Ahmed El Deeb ◽  
Ehab Sayed Ramadan ◽  
Mai Abd El-Raouf Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and potentially debilitating disorder. Neuropsychological assessment provides unique complementary information that is critical for evaluating higher cortical abilities. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological functions in OCD patients which can then point to the brain structures or pathways and to study the correlation between these assessments and different clinical variables. Methods: This cross-sectional case control study had included sixty patients who were divided into two groups, Group I: thirty OCD patients diagnosed by DSM-IV and Group II: thirty healthy controls who were recruited from the community, matched with patients’ age, gender, and education. Results: The age of onset in our study was 19.13 ± 0.35 years, the mean duration was 7.44 ± 3.88 years, 40% of the studied cases had severe OCD symptoms and 33.3% of them were compulsive cleaners. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding WCST in favor of the control group. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding ROCF where the control group showed better results than the OCD patients. Conclusions: Neuropsychological test performance remains an informative and objective means of investigation, especially when applied to psychiatric disorders. The executive functions in OCD patients were impaired in comparison to the normal study subjects.

scholarly journals Is Postural Control Different in Boys and Girls? Comparison Between Sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Jessica Caroliny de Jesus Neves ◽  
Aryane Karoline Vital Souza ◽  
Dirce Shizuko Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lateral Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pressure Area

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to compare the postural control between eight-year-old boys and girls, considering the nutritional classification and level of physical activity. This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 346 participants, classified by the WHO AnthroPlus software, evaluated on the force platform and the Questionnaire Physical Activity for Children. The results demonstrated that girls showed lower values in relation to the opposite sex (p<0.001), in the center of pressure area (COP) (girls: 11.88 vs boys: 15.86cm2), Antero-posterior Amplitude (girl: 5.40 vs boy: 6.05cm), Medial-lateral Amplitude (girl: 3.97 vs boy: 4.40cm), Antero-posterior velocity (girl: 3.98 vs boy: 4.94cm/s), Medial-lateral velocity (girl: 3.98 vs boy: 4.59cm/s), Antero-posterior frequency (girl: 0.70 vs boy: 0.84Hz). Physical activity was associated with male sex (p=0.001; X2=11.195; odds ratio=0.372). In relation to the center of pressure of sedentary children, girls showed better postural control (p<0.001), but when we analyzed the center of pressure of both sexes who were active there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.112). The Z score of both sexes presented no difference in the center of pressure area (p=0.809 and p=0.785 respectively). Girls showed better postural control, while boys are more active; when both sexes performed physical activity COP area was similar. Therefore, special care should be taken when assessing postural control in boys and girls due to their differences in test performance and stage of development. As for interventions, exercise should be considered for better performance of the COP.

Performance of Older Japanese American Adults on Selected Cognitive Instruments

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Kemmotsu ◽  
Yurika Enobi ◽  
Claire Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Fluency Test

AbstractThis study examined cognitive test performance of second- and third-generation Japanese American (JA) adults, a relatively homogeneous Asian American subgroup. Sixty-five JA and 65 non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, ages between 45 and 91, were administered the Boston Naming Test-2 (BNT), Letter Fluency Test, Semantic Fluency Test, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), and Trail Making Test. Levels of acculturation, quality of educational attainment, and generation status in the United States, were also collected. There were no significant differences in the scores between the two groups on the tests administered. JA and NHW groups, however, differed in the patterns of the associations between some of the test performance and demographic variables. JA adults showed a stronger age-score relationship on BNT, CVLT, and the BVMT-R. Furthermore, second-generation JA adults performed lower than the third-generation adults even after controlling for basic demographic variables on CVLT and Trail Making Test. Acculturation on the other hand did not explain score differences once demographic variables were considered. Our results suggest the importance of considering unique history and characteristics of ethnic groups, and interactions of the aging process and culture on tasks with different cognitive demands. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)

Heritability of Trail Making Test performance in multiplex schizophrenia families: implications for the search for an endophenotype

2009 ◽  
Vol 259 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Mendoza Quiñones ◽  
Yuranny Cabral Calderín ◽  
Mayelin Domínguez ◽  
Tania M. Bravo ◽  
Adnelys Reyes Berazaín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

scholarly journals Late contributions of repetitive head impacts and TBI to depression symptoms and cognition

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. e793-e804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Alosco ◽  
Yorghos Tripodis ◽  
Zachary H. Baucom ◽  
Jesse Mez ◽  
Thor D. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
History Of

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that repetitive head impacts (RHIs), like those from contact sport play and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive consequences, we compared middle-age and older adult participants who reported a history of RHI and/or TBI with those without this history on measures of depression and cognition.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 13,323 individuals (mean age, 61.95; 72.5% female) from the Brain Health Registry who completed online assessments, including the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the CogState Brief Battery and Lumos Labs NeuroCognitive Performance Tests. Inverse propensity-weighted linear regressions accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education tested the effects of RHI and TBI compared to a non-RHI/TBI group.ResultsA total of 725 participants reported RHI exposure (mostly contact sport play and abuse) and 7,277 reported TBI (n = 2,604 with loss of consciousness [LOC]). RHI (β, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.36–2.12), TBI without LOC (β, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31–0.54), and TBI with LOC (β, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59–0.91) corresponded to higher GDS-15 scores. While TBI with LOC had the most neuropsychological associations, TBI without LOC had a negative effect on CogState Identification (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.001–0.01) and CogState One Back Test (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.0002–0.01). RHI predicted worse CogState One Back Test scores (β, 0.02; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.05). There were RHI × TBI interaction effects on several neuropsychological subtests, and participants who had a history of both RHI and TBI with LOC had the greatest depression symptoms and worse cognition.ConclusionsRHI and TBI independently contributed to worse mid- to later-life neuropsychiatric and cognitive functioning.

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