Prevalence of and risk factors for cerebral microbleeds in a general Japanese elderly community

BackgroundWe investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in a cross-sectional study of a general population of Japanese elderly.MethodsIn 2012, brain MRI scanning at 1.5T and comprehensive health examination were conducted for 1281 residents aged 65 years or older. CMBs were defined as ovoid hypointensity lesions less than 10 mm in diameter on T2*-weighted images and classified into deep/infratentorial or lobar CMBs. Age- and sex-specific and overall prevalence of CMBs were estimated, and the associations of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and APOE polymorphism with the presence of CMBs were examined using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe crude prevalences of total, deep/infratentorial, and lobar CMBs were 18.7% (n = 240), 13.5% (n = 173), and 9.6% (n = 123), respectively. The prevalence of total CMBs was 23.0% in men and 15.5% in women and increased with aging in both sexes (both p for trend <0.01). Hypertension was significantly associated with the presence of both deep/infratentorial and lobar CMBs. Lower serum total cholesterol was a significant risk factor for deep/infratentorial CMBs, but not for lobar CMBs, while APOE ε4 carriers had a significantly higher likelihood only of lobar CMBs compared with noncarriers.ConclusionsOur study suggests that approximately 1 of 5 Japanese elderly people have CMBs, and that risk factors for deep/infratentorial and lobar CMBs are different, indicating the distinct pathologic backgrounds of these lesions.

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A study on prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among adults in selected slums of Chennai

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 504

Author(s):

K. Kokila ◽

K. Chellavel Ganapathi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽

Adult Males ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Slum Population

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent epidemic. The true prevalence of CKD with in a population are very difficult to estimate, since early to moderate CKD were usually asymptomatic. ESRD in the consequence of CKD is one of the most expensive diseases to treat.Only way is to prevent it and Hence this was conducted to estimate the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors among adults in selected slums of Chennai.Methods: This is a cross sectional study done from May 2013 to June 2014 in selected slums of Chennai. The study population includes adult males and females. Multi stage sampling method used. Sample size covered was 400. A semi structured questionnaire used as tool. Based on the serum creatinine eGFR calculated using modified MDRD study equation and CKD prevalence was identified. The data was entered in MS excel and analyzed using SPSS version 21.Results: Total of 400 participants involved. Females were predominant in the study. Among them, 67 (16.8%) were diagnosed as CKD patients and Stage 1, 4.0% had stage 2, 3.6% had stage 3, 1.3% had stage 4 and 0.5% had stage 5 at the time of diagnosis.Conclusions: This study revealed prevalence of CKD among slum population was 16.8%. This study showed that old age, uncontrolled hypertension, uneducated, Diabetes with poor control, overuse of analgesics, H/o smoking, obesity, alcoholism, passive smoking, family H/o CKD and proteinuria were significant risk factor for CKD among study subjects. Slum population with risk factors should be regularly screened for CKD.

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Risk Factors for Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Children Enrolled in Preschools in Kafue District, Zambia

Epidemiology Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/906520 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joyce Siwila ◽

Annette Olsen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths

Intestinal parasitic infections are common among children worldwide. This study was aimed at determining risk factors for infection with soil transmitted helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis, among children in preschools. The study was in two parts: a cross-sectional study in which data were collected from 403 children from 10 preschools and a longitudinal study in which 100 children from four preschools from the previous 10 were selected. Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 12.0%, while that of hookworm was 8.3%. Overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis was 28.0% and 29.0%, respectively. Low education level of parent/guardian was a significant risk factor for A. lumbricoides (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.02–5.41; P=0.04), while roofing types other than corrugated iron sheets were found to be protective for G. duodenalis infection in both bivariate and multivariate analyses (multivariate: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99; P=0.04). Low socioeconomic level was found to be protective for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–0.99; P=0.04). In the longitudinal study, none of the factors were associated with either infection. These findings may have implications for other preschools in other districts in Zambia.

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Incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia: a pr

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi50.1.2010.31-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Nila Kusumasari ◽

Rinawati Rohsiswatmo ◽

Djajadiman Gatot ◽

Darlan Darwis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Late Onset ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neonatal Thrombocytopenia ◽

Complete Blood Counts

Background Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological abnormality in the neonatal period. Hemorrhagic manifestations are found in 10% cases of thrombocytopenia. Neonatal thrombocytopenia commonly assumed due to sepsis, despite many risk factors that may caused thrombocytopenia.Objective To obtain incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in April 2009. Complete blood counts investigation was performed before age of 24 hours, medical conditions and risk factors of mothers and subjects were noted, as well as hemorrhagic manifestations. Subjects with thrombocytopenia were followed for 2 weeks. The risk factors consisted of hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus, perinatal infection, asphyxia, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.Results Neonatal thrombocytopenia was found 17 (12.1%) of 140 subjects, consisted of 88.2% early onset and 11.8% late onset. Significant risk factor of mother was pre-eclampsia (PR 3.97, 95%CI 1.70 to 9.25), while significant risk factors of neonates were asphyxia (PR 5.66, 95%CI 2.49 to 12.86), sepsis (PR 5.33, 95%CI 2.33-12.19) and necrotizing enterocolitis (p=0.014; PR 9.2 95% CI 5.17 to14.84). We found 29.4% hemorrhagic cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia (i.e.,. skin, gastrointestinal, intracranial hemorrhage).Conclusions The incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 12.2%. Significant risk factor of mother that caused thrombocytopenia was pre-eclampsia, while risk factors of neonates were asphyxia, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis.[Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:31-7].

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Evaluation of individual awareness of diabetes, related risk factors and complications in urban and rural people of Noakhali region, Bangladesh: a population-based study

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjmed.v27i1.28069 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

Md Khorshed Alam ◽

Md Ariful Islam ◽

Abhijit Das ◽

Palash Karmakar ◽

Pankaj Chandra Debnath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Risk ◽

Secondary Study ◽

The Individual

This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the individual awareness, related risk factors and complications of diabetes with socio-demographic profiles of the study individuals in Noakhali region, Bangladesh during June to December, 2013. A total 250 participants were selected randomly and data were collected using structured questionnaire. Among the respondents 47.20% were found male and 52.80% were female and majorities (52.00%) of the respondents were urban people. Respondents completed secondary study level or below were the dominant group. 9.20%, 27.20%, 12.80% and 34.40% respondents were agriculturist, businessman and housewives respectively. Women showed better knowledge about overall diabetes (20.00%) and blood glucose level (9.60%), in case of causes, symptoms and management men (12.80%, 23.20% and 18.40% respectively) were found dominant than women (10.00%, 16.00% and 12.00% respectively). It was found that 13.20% respondents were suffering from impaired glucose tolerance and 79.20% had diabetes mellitus where female were more vulnerable than male. Family history was found the significant risk factor (p= 0.016; Ç2 = 5.849) for diabetes (total 62%, male 40.65% and female 59.35%), Other risk factors like age (67.20%), obesity (46.40%), hypercholesterolemia (82.00%), excess triglyceride (78.00%) and hypertension (29.60%) remained insignificant respectively and in every cases female were found more vulnerable than men. Study revealed that knowledge regarding diabetes was not up to the mark to the respondents though it is now one of the most pandemic diseases in the world.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2016; 27(1) : 8-15

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Asthma and Keratoconus: An analysis of the risk factors association with the severity of keratoconus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19388/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Srujana Sahebjada ◽

Elsie Chan ◽

Jing Xie ◽

Grant Snibson ◽

Mark Daniel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Range ◽

Multivariable Regression

Abstract Background: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Australia to explore a wide range of risk factors associated with keratoconus. A questionnaire addressing age, gender, educational background, ocular and medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption, and physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements was collected; eye examination was undertaken. The associations between a range of risk factors and keratoconus was determined using univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses.Main Text: A total of 260 keratoconus subjects were included in this study. Mean age of subject was 35.5 (SD= 14.8) years and the majority of the subjects were European 171 (68.2%). Initial univariate regression analysis identified the following risk factors at the p<0.1 level with keratoconus: higher body mass index, smoking cigarettes, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma were associated with increased severity of keratoconus, whereas eczema was associated with less severe keratoconus. Following multivariable regression analysis, only asthma remained as a significant risk factor associated with 2.2 diopters (D) steeper average mean keratometry compared to keratoconus subjects having no asthma [p = 0.03; β= 2.18; 95% confidence intervals: 1.22, 4.14].Conclusion: Our study describes the comprehensive assessment of all the known risk factors in a large keratoconus cohort recruited in Australia. Our study has reported asthma as the only risk factor found to be significantly associated with keratoconus. The results of this study allow us to better understand the aetiology of keratoconus and such a knowledge could be useful in instigate systemic management of patients to slow or prevent keratoconus.

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RISK FACTORS OF MORTALITY IN CHILDREN WITH WILMS’ TUMOR AT SOETOMO HOSPITAL SURABAYA

Indonesian Journal of Urology ◽

10.32421/juri.v26i2.469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Christina Shanty ◽

Sherly Yuniarchan ◽

Mia Ratwita Andarsini ◽

I Dewa Gede Ugrasena ◽

Bambang Permono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Wilms Tumor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio

Objective: Wilms’ tumor is the most common childhood renal tumor for about 6% of pediatric malignant disease. The 5-year survival rate in United States increased from approximately from 70% (1970-1973) to 92% (1989-1996). This study was aim to analyze the risk factors of mortality in children with Wilms’ tumor. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with Wilms’ tumor at Soetomo Hospital during 2006-2011. The data of demographic, clinical profile, complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate, histological type, disease stage, metastases and relapse were analyzed as risk factors of mortality using logistic regression. Results: There were 37 Wilms’ tumor children and 5 children were excluded because of incomplete data. The mean age was 3.0 (SD 2.6) years, and male-to-female ratio was 2.5 : 1. There were 5/32 children in stage I, 7/32 children in stage II, 8/32 children in stage III, 11/32 children in stage IV, and 1/32 children in stage V. There were 15/32 children underwent operation. Complete remission occurred in 12/32 children and 1/32 children relapsed. There were 20/32 children died, associated with anemia (P=0.033, OR=6.111, 95% CI=1.056-35.352) and advanced stage (P=0.021, OR=8.000, 95% CI=1.575-40.632). The risk of mortality increased 3.284 folds with every increased stage (P=0.007, 95% CI=1.338-7.775). Conclusion: Disease stage is the significant risk factor of mortality in children with Wilms’ tumor.

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PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI Toxocara cati PADA KUCING PELIHARAAN DI KOTA BOGOR (Prevalence and Risk Factors of Toxocara cati Infection in Bogor Pet Cats)

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v10i2.5044 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 139-142

Author(s):

Murniati Murniati ◽

Etih Sudarnika ◽

Yusuf Ridwan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Care Management ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pet Owner

The aims of this research were to estimate the prevalence and to determine the risk factors related to Toxocara cati (T. cati) infection in pet cats in Bogor. This study was cross sectional study using two types of data; laboratory examination results of feces samples and interview results of the cat owner using a structured questionnaires including characteristics of pet owner and pet care management. The data obtained from this study was analyzed using chi-square test. The results showed that 85 of 243 cats were positively infected by T. cati with 35% prevalence. The significant risk factor associated with the T. cati infection were: sex, sand provided, deworming and type of feed. Pet care management in Kota Bogor were well managed, however the prevalence of T. cati infection was still high. Therefore it can be a potential public health problem especially on cat owners.

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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Milk of Goats with Subclinical Mastitis in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya

Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/3801479 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Precious Mahlangu ◽

Naomi Maina ◽

John Kagira

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Staphylococcus Intermedius

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Further the bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram were investigated. Farm level data on risk factors were obtained from 41 farmers using questionnaires. Milk was obtained from 110 lactating dairy goats and tested for submastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was estimated to be at 50.9% using CMT, out of which 86.5% yielded bacteria on culture. The significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis were cleaning schedule (p=0.022, OD=1.047) and parity of the goat (p=0048, OD=1.37). Higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed for goats residing in houses cleaned at least once a fortnight. Does in the first parity were least affected. 169 bacterial isolates were obtained from culture, of which 52 isolates from major classes of isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to six antibiotics. Fourteen different bacteria were isolated and identified from the milk samples. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (20.7%), Serratia spp. (19.5%), Citrobacter spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%), Enterobacter spp. (6.5%), Escherichia coli (5.9%), Proteus spp. (3%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Morganella spp. (1.8%), Streptococcus spp. (1.2%), Providencia spp. (0.6%), Micrococcus spp. (0.6%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (0.6%) were isolated and identified from the samples. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, while 98% of the isolates were sensitive to Streptomycin. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of goats were affected by subclinical mastitis, with the main bacteria being Staphylococci spp. and coliforms, and that most of the tested antibiotics can be used in the treatment of mastitis. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis through adoption of good dairy husbandry and milking practices.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-208721/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuling Chen ◽

Hao Li ◽

Shu Li ◽

Zhou Xu ◽

Shen Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Examination ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract BackgroundMetabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new definition for liver disease associated with known metabolic dysfunction. Based on new diagnostic criteria, we aim to investigate its prevalence and risk factors in Chinese.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was implemented on 139170 subjects who participated in health examination.Results Among 139170 subjects, prevalence of MAFLD was 26.1% (males: 35.4%; females: 14.1%), and it was significantly higher before 65-year-old in males than that in females (36.2% vs. 12.2%, P<0.001), however significantly lower after 65 (28.2% vs. 33.0%, P<0.001). The prevalence in different female menopausal status (premenopause, perimenopause, postmenopause) was 6.1%,16.8%, and 30.2%, in BMI groups (underweight, normal, overweight and obese), it was 0.1%, 4.0%, 27.4% and 59.8%. Proportions of abnormal metabolic features in MAFLD group were significantly higher than those in non-MAFLD group, so as the proportion of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (42.5% vs. 11%, P<0.001). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia in MAFLD group (53.2%, 80.0%, and 45.0%) was significantly higher than that in non-MAFLD group (10.1%, 41.7%, and 16.8%). Logistic regression revealed that age, BMI, waist circumference, ALT, triglyceride, fasting glucose, uric acid and platelet count were associated with MAFLD.ConclusionsMAFLD is prevalent in China, its prevalence varies among different groups of age, gender, BMI, and female menopausal status. MAFLD was related to metabolic disorders especially obesity. People with MAFLD suffer high prevalence of MS, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and elevated liver enzymes. Metabolic disorders should be paid attention to improve management of MAFLD.

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Socioeconomic, Psychiatric and Materiality Determinants and Risk of Postpartum Depression in Border City of Ilam, Western Iran

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2013/653471 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Pegah Taherifard ◽

Ali Delpisheh ◽

Ramin Shirali ◽

Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh ◽

Yousef Veisani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Western Iran ◽

Border City ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) is considered as one of the mood disturbances occurring during 2-3 months after delivery. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and its associated risk factors in border city of Ilam, western Iran.Methods. Through a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2011, overall, 197 women who attended Obstetrics & Gynecology clinics postpartumly in the border city of Ilam, western Iran, were randomly recruited. A standard questionnaire that was completed by a trained midwife through face to face interviews was used for data gathering.Results. Mean age ± standard deviations was 27.9 ± 5.2 years. Prevalence of PPD was estimated to be 34.8% (95% CI: 27.7–41.7). A significant difference was observed among depression scores before and after delivery (P≤0.001). Type of delivery (P=0.044), low socioeconomic status (P=0.011), and women having low educational level (P=0.009) were the most important significant risk factors associated with PPD. The regression analysis showed that employed mothers compared to housekeepers were more at risk for PPD (adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.22–2.28,P=0.003).Conclusions. Prevalence of PPD in western Iran was slightly higher than the corresponding rate from either national or international reports.

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