scholarly journals Education Research: Flipped classroom in neurology

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. e106-e111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Sandrone ◽  
Jimmy V. Berthaud ◽  
Chad Carlson ◽  
Jacquelyne Cios ◽  
Neel Dixit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Curricular Implementation ◽  
Patient Complexity ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Faculty Time

How to most effectively deliver a large amount of information in an engaging environment that encourages critical thinking is a question that has long plagued educators. With ever-increasing demands on both resident and faculty time, from shrinking duty hours to increased patient complexity, combined with the exponential growth of medical knowledge and unequal access to the spectrum of neurologic subspecialties around the country, this question has become especially pertinent to neurology residency training. A team of educators from the American Academy of Neurology's A.B. Baker Section on Neurological Education sought to review the current evidence regarding the implementation of the flipped classroom format. This educational model has only recently been applied to health care education along the training continuum, and a small collection of articles has, so far, used disparate methods of curricular implementation and assessment. While the feedback from learners is generally positive, a number of obstacles to implementation exist, most notably learner time commitments. These are presented with discussion of potential solutions along with suggestions for future studies.

Factors affecting assignment completion in higher education

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuttiporn Suamuang ◽  
Surachai Suksakulchai ◽  
Elizabeth Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Assignment Completion

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to simultaneously investigate a variety of factors related to assignment completion (AC) (i.e. task orientation, cooperation, teacher feedback, time management and time spent on AC).Design/methodology/approachThe study relied on a self-report survey to assess students' perceptions in relation to six variables. Participants included 1,106 undergraduate students from six public Thai universities. Analysis involved structural equation modeling.FindingsThis study provided new results related to task orientation as the strongest predictor of AC and time management. Cooperation and feedback improved AC with time management as an intervening variable. Time management and feedback did not predict time spent on AC.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies might explore the potential range of assignments that, for example, count for a higher portion of the grade versus those that are less or unimportant in terms of the course. Future studies might also look at the role of group assignments in relation to completion. Semi-structured interviews or observations might provide insights into how students manage their time and why task orientation has the most effect on AC. Future research might investigate more specifically at what point time management does or does not affect completion. In general, given the growth of online learning and contexts in which students may be increasingly called on to complete assignments independently, factors such as those investigated in this study will require more attention in varying countries and contexts, generically and for individual subjects.Practical implicationsInstructional designers and instructors can promote task orientation through reliance on strategic scaffolding. For designing a task-oriented environment, instructors need to offer challenging assignments. Instructors should also assign work that encourages motivation, effort and achievement. To ensure that cooperative learning positively affects time management, instructors and designers can allot specific in-class time for completion of tasks, reliance on flipped classroom activities and student conversations regarding time restrictions and time-management skills. Instructors can be supported to help them provide appropriate types of feedback, as well as ideas for implementing the feedback in practice.Originality/valueLittle research has been conducted on AC in higher education. Those studies that have been conducted have focused on the elementary and secondary levels. Furthermore, studies have not always taken into account the complex relationships between different factors that can potentially influence AC.

Home telehealth for chronic disease management: A systematic review and an analysis of economic evaluations

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Polisena ◽  
Doug Coyle ◽  
Kathryn Coyle ◽  
Sarah McGill
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Provider Perspectives ◽  
Healthcare Decision Making ◽  
Home Telehealth ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Objectives:The research objectives were two-fold: first, to systematically review the literature on the cost-effectiveness of home telehealth for chronic diseases, and second to develop a framework for the conduct of economic evaluation of home telehealth projects for patients with chronic diseases.Methods:A comprehensive literature search identified twenty-two studies (n= 4,871 patients) on home telehealth for chronic diseases published between 1998 and 2008. Studies were reviewed in terms of their methodological quality and their conclusions.Results:Home telehealth was found to be cost saving from the healthcare system and insurance provider perspectives in all but two studies, but the quality of the studies was generally low. An evaluative framework was developed which provides a basis to improve the quality of future studies to facilitate improved healthcare decision making, and an application of the framework is illustrated using data from an existing program evaluation of a home telehealth program.Conclusions:Current evidence suggests that home telehealth has the potential to reduce costs, but its impact from a societal perspective remains uncertain until higher quality studies become available.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and Functions of Mycothiol, the Unique Protective Thiol of Actinobacteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Newton ◽  
Nancy Buchmeier ◽  
Robert C. Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Mercapturic Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Disulfide Reductase ◽  
Reducing Environment

SUMMARY Mycothiol (MSH; AcCys-GlcN-Ins) is the major thiol found in Actinobacteria and has many of the functions of glutathione, which is the dominant thiol in other bacteria and eukaryotes but is absent in Actinobacteria. MSH functions as a protected reserve of cysteine and in the detoxification of alkylating agents, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antibiotics. MSH also acts as a thiol buffer which is important in maintaining the highly reducing environment within the cell and protecting against disulfide stress. The pathway of MSH biosynthesis involves production of GlcNAc-Ins-P by MSH glycosyltransferase (MshA), dephosphorylation by the MSH phosphatase MshA2 (not yet identified), deacetylation by MshB to produce GlcN-Ins, linkage to Cys by the MSH ligase MshC, and acetylation by MSH synthase (MshD), yielding MSH. Studies of MSH mutants have shown that the MSH glycosyltransferase MshA and the MSH ligase MshC are required for MSH production, whereas mutants in the MSH deacetylase MshB and the acetyltransferase (MSH synthase) MshD produce some MSH and/or a closely related thiol. Current evidence indicates that MSH biosynthesis is controlled by transcriptional regulation mediated by σB and σR in Streptomyces coelicolor. Identified enzymes of MSH metabolism include mycothione reductase (disulfide reductase; Mtr), the S-nitrosomycothiol reductase MscR, the MSH S-conjugate amidase Mca, and an MSH-dependent maleylpyruvate isomerase. Mca cleaves MSH S-conjugates to generate mercapturic acids (AcCySR), excreted from the cell, and GlcN-Ins, used for resynthesis of MSH. The phenotypes of MSH-deficient mutants indicate the occurrence of one or more MSH-dependent S-transferases, peroxidases, and mycoredoxins, which are important targets for future studies. Current evidence suggests that several MSH biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes are potential targets for drugs against tuberculosis. The functions of MSH in antibiotic-producing streptomycetes and in bioremediation are areas for future study.

Benefits of the Flipped Classroom Model

2015 ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Larcara
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Faculty Time ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Quality Learning

With the advent of new technologies and the move for faculty to implement these into their teaching practice, a new model for course design and delivery has developed called the flipped classroom model. As more instructors investigate this model, the benefits, which include classroom management, active learning, critical thinking, and maximum use of student-faculty time together, become obvious. With classroom sizes increasing, more instruction moving online, and resources dwindling, the flipped classroom model can be an improved model for both instruction and quality learning. Research supports the benefits of the flipped classroom, but the change from a traditional classroom model to a flipped model requires a pedagogical shift on the part of both teacher and learner.

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and the Pathogenesis of Delirium: A Review of Current Evidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Adamis ◽  
David Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Medically Ill ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Igf I

Delirium is a frequent complication in medically ill elderly patients that is associated with serious adverse outcomes including increased mortality. Delirium risk is linked to older age, dementia, and illness that involves activation of inflammatory responses. IGF-I is increasingly postulated as a key link between environmental influences on body metabolism with a range of neuronal activities and has been described as themaster regulatorof the connection between brain and bodily well-being. The relationships between IGF-I and ageing, cognitive impairment and inflammatory illness further support a possible role in delirium pathogenesis. Five studies of IGF-I in delirium were identified by a systematic review. These conflicting findings, with three of the five studies indicating an association between IGF-1 and delirium occurrence, may relate to the considerable methodological differences in these studies. The relevance of IGF-I and related factors to delirium pathogenesis can be clarified by future studies which account for these issues and other confounding factors. Such work can inform therapeutic trials of IGF-I and/or growth hormone administration.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Chalklin ◽  
Elizabeth G. Ryan Harper ◽  
Andrew J. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Metabolic And Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Comorbidity Resolution

Abstract Purpose of Review The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all age groups. Following its success in adults, and with limited success using conservative therapies, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is increasingly being utilized in adolescents. This review highlights the current evidence and guidelines supporting its use. Recent Findings Safety and efficacy mirror results seen in adults. The most recent evidence, as outcomes enter the long term, suggests that comorbidity resolution, including diabetes and hypertension, can even outperform that of adults. Mental health problems persist despite good weight loss. Overall, the positive early weight and comorbidity outcomes are well sustained into the long term. Summary There is a growing need to prevent and treat adolescent obesity. Current evidence supports the use of MBS in adolescents. Ongoing and future studies will provide 10-year outcomes and assist in the refinement of multimodal pathways incorporating MBS for the treatment of severe childhood obesity.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy on Alleviating Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Liu ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yifan Lou ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Feng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Reminiscence Therapy ◽  
Group Reminiscence

Objective: Depression is one of the most common problems faced by older adults. Reminiscence therapy, defined as using the recall of past events, feelings, and thoughts facilitating pleasure, is one type of psychotherapy that could alleviate depressive feelings among older adults, improve their quality of life, and help them live independently. Reminiscence therapy originated from geriatric psychiatry, and is an effective non-pharmacological intervention that could be structured or unstructured and be conducted individually or in a group. The current systematic review was designed to summarize and review existing evidence on the effect of reminiscence therapy on depression in older adults.Methods: We conducted a systematic review from January 2000 to Mar 2021 using 10 electronic databases in English and Chinese languages, including Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsychInfo, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, CNKI, and WANFANG. We excluded studies that didn't use randomized controlled trials (RCT) from the meta-analysis. The selected studies were scored using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The RevMan 5.0 was used in subgroup analysis depending on how the interventions were classified.Results: We extracted 527 studies based on keyword searches, of which 10 RCTs met inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis yielded high heterogeneity, and the analyses of significant subgroups showed that reminiscence therapy has a significant effect on relieving depressive symptoms in older adults. Reminiscence therapy benefits older adults with chronic illness and those on antidepressants as well. The effect and cost-effectiveness of group reminiscence therapy were higher than individual reminiscence therapy. And some specific types of group reminiscence therapy have a significant effect on improving depression and secondary outcomes, including life satisfaction. Although the effectiveness of structured and unstructured group reminiscence on depression has no significant differences according to current evidence, the structured therapy is more replicable, generalizable, and user-friendly due to its detailed protocol for new therapists. Furthermore, reminiscence therapy is more effective for older women and older adults with more severe depressive symptoms.Conclusion: Reminiscence therapy significantly increased older adults' remission from depression and quality of life immediately after the intervention. However, the evidence-based protocol and implementation of reminiscence interventions need to be further developed and standardized to facilitate global use. Moreover, it remains unclear on the long-term effect of reminiscence therapy. Based on the limitations of the current study, more rigorous evidence is needed from studies with large sample sizes, RCT design, and longer follow-up periods. Future studies could also explore the effect of different types of reminiscence therapy. Furthermore, qualitative data should be included to better understand older adults' narrative and experiences with reminiscence therapy. Future studies could also investigate the impact of reminiscence therapy on older relatives as a part of outcome measure to explore the efficacious mechanism of reminiscence therapy in alleviating older adults' depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Flipped Classroom: Success with First Year Mathematics Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Nehal J. Shukla ◽  
Elizabeth Mcinnis
Keyword(s):  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Course Satisfaction ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Post Test ◽  
University Level ◽  
Modern Era

In the modern era of internet and social media, teachers are pursuing new methods to integrate online resources and techniques into their curriculum and flipped classroom instruction model has been their response to this heightened digital migration. Despite this high amount of interest, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of classroom flipping in mathematics on student academic outcomes. Specifically, no rigorous studies of the effects of flipping a mathematics course on students’ mathematical understandings, course satisfaction and student’s success appear in the literature. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of flipped classroom in first year undergraduate mathematics students at university level by measuring student’s success via (1) students’ overall course satisfaction (2) students’ pre and post-test grade and (3) student’s pass rate. Our study showed improved student’s perception of course satisfaction and improved final grades (post-test compared to pre-test). We noticed some improvement in pass rate of flipped classroom students compared to non-flipped classroom students, but it was not statistically significant. We recommend future studies to see if this student’s success transforms into improvement in student’s attrition, retention, progression and graduation rate.

scholarly journals Effect of Interprofessional Clinical Debates on Attitudes of Interprofessional Teams

PRiMER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor D. Steuber ◽  
Miranda R. Andrus ◽  
Bradley M. Wright ◽  
Nancy Blevins ◽  
Haley M. Phillippe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Collaborative Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Interprofessional Teams ◽  
Interprofessional Teamwork ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Current evidence supports the notion of debates as a pedagogical method to teach literature evaluation skills in health care education; however, there are no reports of this method as an interprofessional approach and its potential benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of interprofessional clinical debates on attitudes toward interprofessional teamwork and perceived literature evaluation skills. Methods: We invited third-year family medicine residents and fourth-year pharmacy students to complete a survey before and after participating in an interprofessional clinical debate. The anonymous survey was composed of the Students' Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education—Revised (SPICE-R2) instrument to evaluate perceptions of interprofessional teamwork, literature evaluation, and other skills gained through the process. We evaluated matched responses for change in attitudes toward interprofessional teams. Results: We evaluated 41 matched responses, which indicated improvement in attitudes toward interprofessional teams and was statistically significant (P<.001). This finding held true for subscales of roles/responsibilities for collaborative practice and patient outcomes from collaborative practice (P<.001). Participants also perceived improvements in literature evaluation, problem-solving, critical thinking, teamwork, and communication skills. Conclusion: The interprofessional clinical debate activity positively impacted medical residents and pharmacy students, and improved attitudes toward interprofessional teams.

What Is the Role of Steroids for Septic Shock in 2021?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 726-734
Author(s):  
Wagner Nedel ◽  
Thiago Lisboa ◽  
Jorge I.F. Salluh
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Vascular Responsiveness ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Strong Body

AbstractCorticosteroids have been used for decades in the adjunctive treatment of severe infections in intensive care. The most frequent scenario in intensive care is in septic shock, where low doses of glucocorticoids appear to restore vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine. There is a strong body of evidence suggesting that hydrocortisone reduces time on vasopressor, and may modulate the immune response. In this review, we explore the current evidence supporting the use of corticosteroids in septic shock, its benefits, and potential harms. In addition to landmark clinical trials, we will also describe new frontiers for the use of corticosteroids in septic shock which should be explored in future studies.

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