scholarly journals Adiposity is related to cerebrovascular and brain volumetry outcomes in the RUN DMC study

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. e864-e878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse A.C. Arnoldussen ◽  
Deborah R. Gustafson ◽  
Esther M.C. Leijsen ◽  
Frank-Erik de Leeuw ◽  
Amanda J. Kiliaan
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Brain Volumetry ◽  
Total Brain

ObjectiveAdiposity predictors, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and blood leptin and total adiponectin levels were associated with components of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and brain volumetry in 503 adults with CSVD who were ≥50 years of age and enrolled in the Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cohort (RUN DMC).MethodsRUN DMC participants were followed up for 9 years (2006–2015). BMI, WC, brain imaging, and dementia diagnoses were evaluated at baseline and follow-up. Adipokines were measured at baseline. Brain imaging outcomes included CSVD components, white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, microbleeds, gray and white matter, hippocampal, total brain, and intracranial volumes.ResultsCross-sectionally among men at baseline, higher BMI, WC, and leptin were associated with lower gray matter and total brain volumes, and higher BMI and WC were associated with lower hippocampal volume. At follow-up 9 years later, higher BMI was cross-sectionally associated with lower gray matter volume, and an obese WC (>102 cm) was protective for ≥1 lacune or ≥1 microbleed in men. In women, increasing BMI and overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or WC >88 cm) were associated with ≥1 lacune. Longitudinally, over 9 years, a baseline obese WC was associated with decreasing hippocampal volume, particularly in men, and increasing white matter hyperintensity volume in women and men.ConclusionsAnthropometric and metabolic adiposity predictors were differentially associated with CSVD components and brain volumetry outcomes by sex. Higher adiposity is associated with a vascular-neurodegenerative spectrum among adults at risk for vascular forms of cognitive impairment and dementias.

scholarly journals Decreased White Matter Integrity in Neuropsychologically Defined Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Independent of Cortical Thinning

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki H. Stricker ◽  
David H. Salat ◽  
Jessica M. Foley ◽  
Tyler A. Zink ◽  
Ida L. Kellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
White Matter Changes

AbstractImproved understanding of the pattern of white matter changes in early and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) states such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is necessary to support earlier preclinical detection of AD, and debate remains whether white matter changes in MCI are secondary to gray matter changes. We applied neuropsychologically based MCI criteria to a sample of normally aging older adults; 32 participants met criteria for MCI and 81 participants were classified as normal control (NC) subjects. Whole-head high resolution T1 and diffusion tensor imaging scans were completed. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was applied and a priori selected regions of interest were extracted. Hippocampal volume and cortical thickness averaged across regions with known vulnerability to AD were derived. Controlling for cortical thickness, the MCI group showed decreased average fractional anisotropy (FA) and decreased FA in parietal white matter and in white matter underlying the entorhinal and posterior cingulate cortices relative to the NC group. Statistically controlling for cortical thickness, medial temporal FA was related to memory and parietal FA was related to executive functioning. These results provide further support for the potential role of white matter integrity as an early biomarker for individuals at risk for AD and highlight that changes in white matter may be independent of gray matter changes. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–13)

scholarly journals Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging and intellectual outcomes in spina bifida

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Ambika Sankar ◽  
Christopher Halphen ◽  
Larry A. Kramer ◽  
Linda Ewing-Cobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Volumes

Object Patients with spina bifida (SB) have variable intellectual outcomes. The authors used diffusion tensor (DT) imaging to quantify whole-brain volumes of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and perform regional quantitative microstructural assessments of gray matter nuclei and white matter tracts in relation to intellectual outcomes in patients with SB. Methods Twenty-nine children with myelomeningoceles and 20 age- and sex-matched children with normal neural tube development underwent MR imaging with DT image acquisition and assessments of intelligence. The DT imaging–derived metrics were the fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (parallel), and transverse (perpendicular) diffusivities. These metrics were also used to segment the brain into white matter, gray matter, and CSF. A region-of-interest analysis was conducted of the white and gray matter structures implicated in hydrocephalus. Results The amount of whole-brain gray matter was decreased in patients with SB, with a corresponding increase in CSF (p < 0.0001). Regional transverse diffusivity in the caudate nucleus was decreased (p < 0.0001), and the corresponding FA was increased (p < 0.0001), suggesting reduced dendritic branching and connectivity. Fractional anisotropy in the posterior limb of the internal capsule increased in the myelomeningocele group (p = 0.02), suggesting elimination of some divergent fascicles; in contrast, the FA in several white matter structures (such as the corpus callosum genu [p < 0.001] and arcuate fasciculus) was reduced, suggesting disruption of myelination. Diffusion tensor imaging–metrics involving gray matter volume and the caudate nucleus, but not other structures, predicted variations in IQ (r = 0.37–0.50; p < 0.05). Conclusions Diffusion tensor imaging–derived metrics provide noninvasive neuronal surrogate markers of the pathogenesis of SB and predict variations in general intellectual outcomes in children with this condition.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele-Based Differences in Brain Volumes Are Largely Uniform Across Late Middle Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino- and Non-Hispanic/Latino Whites Without Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana M. Stickel ◽  
Andrew C. McKinnon ◽  
Stephanie Matijevic ◽  
Matthew D. Grilli ◽  
John Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes

Hispanics/Latinos are at an equal or a greater risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet risk factors remain more poorly characterized as compared to non-Hispanic/Latino Whites. Among non-Hispanic/Latino White cohorts, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is one of the strongest risk factors for AD with subtle declines in episodic memory and brain volumes detectable in the preclinical stages. We examined whether the APOE ε4 status had a differential impact on cognition and brain volumes among cognitively healthy and mild cognitively impaired Hispanics/Latinos (n = 86; ε4 n = 23) compared to a well-matched group of non-Hispanic/Latino Whites (n = 92; ε4 n = 29). Neither the APOE ε4 status nor the interaction between the ε4 status and ethnicity was associated with cognitive performance. The APOE ε4 status was associated with white matter and not with gray matter volumes. APOE ε4 carriers had a significantly smaller total brain white matter volumes, as well as smaller right middle temporal and left superior temporal volumes. The Hispanics/Latinos had significantly smaller left middle frontal gray matter volumes, yet marginally larger overall white matter volumes, than the non-Hispanic/Latino Whites. Exploratory analysis within the Hispanic/Latino sample found that those people whose primary language was Spanish had larger total brain white matter volumes compared primarily to the English speakers. Importantly, primary language differences only held for Hispanic/Latino ε4 carriers and did not differentiate Hispanic/Latino non-carriers, underscoring the need for further investigation into the impacts of language and acculturation on cognitive aging among the fastest growing ethnic minority group in the United States.

scholarly journals 646Coffee, Brain Volume and Risk of Dementia and Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty Pham ◽  
Anwar Mulugeta ◽  
Ang Zhou ◽  
John T O'Brien ◽  
David J Llewellyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Volumetric Mri ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Analyses

Abstract Background Coffee is a highly popular beverage worldwide, containing caffeine which is a central nervous system stimulant. The aim was to examine whether habitual coffee consumption is associated with differences in brain volumes or the risk odds of dementia or stroke. Methods Prospective analyses of habitual coffee consumption were conducted in 398,646 participants (age 37-73 years) within the UK Biobank, including 17,702 participants with volumetric MRI information. We examined associations between coffee consumption and brain volume using covariate adjusted linear regression, and with odds of dementia and stroke using logistic regression. All participants were free of dementia and stroke at baseline. We obtained 4,333 incident dementia and 6,181 incident stroke cases. Results There were inverse linear associations between coffee consumption and total brain (β per cup -1·42, p = 1·4x10-8), grey matter (-0·92, p = 5·2x10-10), white matter (-0·50, p = 0·002) and hippocampal volumes (-0·01, p = 0·009), but no evidence to support associations with white matter hyperintensity volume (-0·01, p = 0·72). After full covariate adjustment, consumption of &gt; 6 cups/day of coffee was associated with 53% higher odds of dementia compared to consumption of 1-2 cups/day (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28, 1.83), with less evidence for an association with stroke (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.00, 1.37, p = 0.055). Conclusions High coffee consumption was associated with smaller total brain volumes and increased odds of dementia. Key messages The findings suggest caution at higher levels of coffee consumption, however further studies are required to establish causality, and to explore the clinical relevance of brain volume changes.

scholarly journals Postnatal Decrease in Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Low Brain Volumes in Very Preterm Infants

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Hansen-Pupp ◽  
Holger Hövel ◽  
Ann Hellström ◽  
Lena Hellström-Westas ◽  
Chatarina Löfqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igfbp 3

Abstract Context: IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are essential for growth and maturation of the developing brain. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between postnatal serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and brain volumes at term in very preterm infants. Design: Fifty-one infants with a mean (sd) gestational age (GA) of 26.4 (1.9) wk and birth weight (BW) of 888 (288) g were studied, with weekly blood sampling of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 from birth until 35 gestational weeks (GW) and daily calculation of protein and caloric intake. Magnetic resonance images obtained at 40 GW were segmented into total brain, cerebellar, cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and unmyelinated white matter volumes. Main Outcome Measures: We evaluated brain growth by measuring brain volumes using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Mean IGF-I concentrations from birth to 35 GW correlated with total brain volume, unmyelinated white matter volume, gray matter volume, and cerebellar volume [r = 0.55 (P &lt; 0.001); r = 0.55 (P &lt; 0.001); r = 0.44 (P = 0.002); and r = 0.58 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively]. Similar correlations were observed for IGFBP-3 concentrations. Correlations remained after adjustment for GA, mean protein and caloric intakes, gender, severe brain damage, and steroid treatment. Protein and caloric intakes were not related to brain volumes. Infants with BW small for GA had lower mean concentrations of IGF-I (P = 0.006) and smaller brain volumes (P = 0.001–0.013) than infants with BW appropriate for GA. Conclusion: Postnatal IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations are positively associated with brain volumes at 40 GW in very preterm infants. Normalization of the IGF-I axis, directly or indirectly, may support normal brain development in very preterm infants.

Abstract P622: Racial Variation in White Matter Hyperintensity Progression in the ACCORDION MIND Study

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L Herman ◽  
Adam H De Havenon ◽  
Guido J Falcone ◽  
Shadi Yaghi ◽  
Shyam Prabhakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patient Race ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
White Patients

Introduction: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are linked to cognitive decline and stroke. We hypothesized that Black race would be associated with greater WMH progression in the ACCORDION MIND trial. Methods: The primary outcome is WMH progression in mL, evaluated by fitting linear regression to WMH volume on the month 80 MRI and including the WMH volume on the baseline MRI. The primary predictor is patient race, with the exclusion of patients defined as “other” race. We also derived predicted probabilities of our outcome for systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels. Results: We included 276 patients who completed the baseline and month 80 MRI, of which 207 were white, 48 Black, and 21 Hispanic. During follow-up, the mean number of SBP, LDL, and A1c measurements per patient was 21, 8, and 15. The mean (SD) WMH progression was 3.3 (5.4) mL for blacks, 2.5 (3.2) mL for Hispanics, and 2.4 (3.3) mL for whites. In the multivariate regression model (Table 1), Black, compared to white, patients had significantly more WMH progression (β Coefficient 1.26, 95% CI 0.45-2.06, p=0.002). Hispanic, compared to white, patients did not have significantly different WMH progression (p=0.392), nor was there a difference when comparing Hispanic to Black patients (p=0.162). The predicted WMH progression was significantly higher for Black compared to white patients across a mean SBP of 117 to 139 mm Hg (Figure 1). Conclusions: Black diabetic patients in ACCORDION MIND have a higher risk of WMH progression than white patients across a normal range of systolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Trial of remote ischaemic preconditioning in vascular cognitive impairment (TRIC-VCI): protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e040466
Author(s):  
Aravind Ganesh ◽  
Philip Barber ◽  
Sandra E Black ◽  
Dale Corbett ◽  
Thalia S Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Ischaemic Brain

IntroductionCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) accounts for 20%–25% of strokes and is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). In an animal VCI model, inducing brief periods of limb ischaemia-reperfusion reduces subsequent ischaemic brain injury with remote and local protective effects, with hindlimb remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) improving cerebral blood flow, decreasing white-matter injury and improving cognition. Small human trials suggest RIC is safe and may prevent recurrent strokes. It remains unclear what doses of chronic daily RIC are tolerable and safe, whether effects persist after treatment cessation, and what parameters are optimal for treatment response.Methods and analysisThis prospective, open-label, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with blinded end point assessment and run-in period, will recruit 24 participants, randomised to one of two RIC intensity groups: one arm treated once daily or one arm twice daily for 30 consecutive days. RIC will consistent of 4 cycles of blood pressure cuff inflation to 200 mm Hg for 5 min followed by 5 min deflation (total 35 min). Selection criteria include: age 60–85 years, evidence of cSVD on brain CT/MRI, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 13–24 and preserved basic activities of living. Outcomes will be assessed at 30 days and 90 days (60 days after ceasing treatment). The primary outcome is adherence (completing ≥80% of sessions). Secondary safety/tolerability outcomes include the per cent of sessions completed and pain/discomfort scores from patient diaries. Efficacy outcomes include changes in cerebral blood flow (per arterial spin-label MRI), white-matter hyperintensity volume, diffusion tensor imaging, MoCA and Trail-Making tests.Ethics and disseminationResearch Ethics Board approval has been obtained. The results will provide information on feasibility, dose, adherence, tolerability and outcome measures that will help design a phase IIb RCT of RIC, with the potential to prevent VCI. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, organisations and meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04109963.

Abstract P191: Association Between Blood Pressure And Brain Volumes Vary By Sex And Age.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawlah Alateeq ◽  
Erin Walsh ◽  
Walter Abhayaratna ◽  
Nicolas Cherbuin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes

Objective: To quantify the association between blood pressure (BP) across its full range and brain volumes and white matter lesions (WMLs) while investigating the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antihypertensive medication, and other risk factors. Methods: UK Biobank participants ( N =36,260) aged 40 to 70 years were included and stratified by sex and age into four groups (age ≤ 45, 46-55, 56-65 and > 65 years old). Multi-level regression analyses were used to assess the association between mean arterial (MAP), systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and brain volumes segmented using the FreeSufer software (gray matter [GMV], white matter [WMV], left [L] and right hippocampal volume [RHCV]) and WMLs. We also investigated the interaction effects between body mass index (BMI) and antihypertensive medication and BP in predicting brain volumes and WMLs. Results: Every 10-mmHg higher DBP was associated with lower brain volumes (GMV: -1300– -2800) [SE=34–90]; WMV: -903.44– -1171.7[SE=34.66–53.03]; LHCV: -7.7– -14.26 [SE=0.44–0.57]; RHCV: -6.25– -22.64[SE=0.32–0.95]) across all age groups. A similar pattern was detected in both sexes, although it was weaker, in men. Also, every 10-mmHg higher MAP was associated with larger WMLs across all age groups but peaked > 65 years (0.1 [SE=0.002]). Both lower BMI and anti-hypertensive medication appeared to afford a protective effect. Conclusion: Higher BP is associated with worse cerebral health across the full BP range from middle adulthood and across the life course. Therefore, it is important that prevention efforts be directed at younger adults with focus on achieving optimal BP to decrease future risk of developing dementia.

Abstract P420: Alcohol Consumption and Longitudinal Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-defined Brain Abnormalities: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Traci M Bartz ◽  
Giovanni de Gaetano ◽  
Augusto F Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Licia Iacoviello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Total Brain

Introduction: Alcohol intake has been related with a complex group of associations with brain structure in cross-sectional analyses, but to our knowledge, its prospective relationship with structural brain abnormalities detected by MRI has never been reported. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that consumers of 1-<7 drinks/week would have slower progression of leukoaraiosis (white matter abnormalities) but more rapid progression of brain atrophy than longer-term abstainers. Methods: As part of the Cardiovascular Health Study, 1 996 adults aged ≥65 years underwent MRI scanning in 1991-94 and again in 1997-99, having excluded 120 participants with a history of cerebrovascular disease before the initial scan. Alcohol consumption was assessed at each annual visit by self-reported intake of wine, beer and liquor. A 10-point white matter grade (WMG) and ventricular grade (VG) were assessed in a standardized and blinded manner in both scans; hippocampal and total brain volumes were also quantified on the second scan. We estimated the associations of alcohol intake in categories (as reported closest to the date of initial scan), with MRI findings at follow-up with multinomial ordered logistic regression (WMG ≤ 3 ref and ≥ 4; VG ≤ 3 ref , =4 and ≥5) using inverse probability weighting to account for attrition. Results: We observed a U-shaped association with WMG, with significantly lower risk among participants consuming 1-<7 drinks/week (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.17-0.82, table) than long-term abstainers (P quadtrend = 0.01). For VG, the association was inverse (P trend = 0.06), with significantly less progression among drinkers of 1-<7 drinks/week than long-term abstainers (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.40-0.97). We identified no significant associations of alcohol intake with quantitative mean hippocampal or total brain volumes at the second scan. Conclusions: Compared with long-term abstention, consumption of 1-<7 drinks/week of alcohol was generally associated with less progression of leukoaraiosis and some measures of brain atrophy in older adults.

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