Plagiarism and Authorship in Turn-of-the-Century Venezuela

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-417
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bouzaglo
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Madame Bovary ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Manuel Diaz Rodriguez ◽  
Venezuelan Literature ◽  
American Authors ◽  
Epistolary Exchange

Abstract This article explores the connection between modernismo, a literary movement that relied heavily on imitation and intertextuality, and accusations of plagiarism, copying, and appropriation. It contextualizes the analysis within a nineteenth-century legal moment in which intellectual property protections were just beginning to take hold at the international level. It examines claims of authorship in the absence of meaningful intellectual property legislation, and in an asymmetrical context in which European authors were widely reprinted and read in Latin America but Latin American authors were barely read in Europe. And it considers performances of plagiarizing and of being plagiarized—that is, the unease expressed by one who suspects his work has been copied. Specifically, the article analyzes an accusatory epistolary exchange between Enrique Gómez Carrillo and Manuel Díaz Rodríguez; the novel El hombre de hierro (The Iron Man; 1907) by Rufino Blanco Fombona, which was interpreted as a copy of Flaubert’s Madame Bovary but justified by its local character; and the very curious case of Rafael Bolívar Coronado, whose writing implodes the category of authorship that underlies intellectual property legislation. Taken together, the three cases demonstrate the development of the notions of authorship and plagiarism in Venezuelan literature at the turn of the century.

An attempt to relieve oppression through the difficult paths of translation between Catalan and Spanish: The case of Avel·lí Artís-Gener

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Galera
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
American Authors

In the uneasy context of the Francoist regime, some authors tried to alleviate the difficult cultural situation through creation and translation. This is the case of Avel·lí Artís-Gener, commonly known as Tísner, a Catalan writer who was exiled to Mexico for more than twenty years. Translation from Spanish into Catalan played a major role in Tísner’s efforts to keep Catalan culture alive, and this article presents the major translation initiatives in this language combination throughout the twentieth century in order to provide enough context to give Artís-Gener’s endeavours their real weight. In Mexico, he wrote his most famous novel, Paraules d’Opoton el Vell (‘Words of Opoton the elder’), which describes the imagined ‘discovery’ of Europe by the Aztecs and creates a bond between the fate of the Nahuatl and the Catalan people under the yoke of Spanish imperialism. In 1992 Artís-Gener decided that the novel had to be retranslated into Spanish and undertook that task himself. In addition, Tísner translated major Latin American authors from Spanish into Catalan, an experience that gave him the chance to regain control of the language imposed by the Francoist regime and use it as a form of relief from the political oppression.

scholarly journals Gordimer’s rendition of the picaresque in A Sport of Nature

Literator ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
M. Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Isabel Allende ◽  
Elena Poniatowska ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
American Authors

The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to explore the picaresque elements present in Nadine Gordimer’s A Sport of Nature and secondly, to relate them to her more pronounced stance on feminism which has evolved since the 1980s. I suggest that an appropriate reading strategy would not only foreground these issues but also highlight A Sport of Nature as one of her most underrated novels. Following the example of the Latin American authors Isabel Allende and Elena Poniatowska, Cordimer has appropriated the picaresque tradition as an ideal vehicle to depict the elements of social critique and feminist assertion which characterize A Sport of Nature. The ironic retrospective stance on society, conventionally represented by a picaro as a social outcast, is reinforced by the introduction of a picara, thereby underlining the double marginalization of women as subjects and sexual objects. I propose that a feminist-oriented reading of the text which recognizes this subversive quality, would lend a different dimension to its interpretation. The character of Hillela serves as an implicit example of female ingenuity which attains political equality through devious means despite, and as a result of, the constraints of a hypocritical society and an entrenched patriarchal system. Seen from this perspective, the seemingly disparate elements of the novel coalesce to present a damning picture of contemporary society.

scholarly journals The Good Life: Rodolfo Fogwill’s La introducción

Anclajes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Fermín A. Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

The Latin American literature of the last thirty years is crossed by displacement of bodies through plots that do not have the stability of the social and cultural borders that shape the nation-state. In a society where the ideal of well-being, happiness and longevity acquires a political status, Rodolfo Fogwill’s latest novel, La introducción (2016) constitutes a formal inquiry into the new spatializations of culture and new mechanisms of subjectivation and control that emerge in the novel of our turn of the century as indexes of transformations of power and forms of exploitation without which 24/7 capitalism could not function.

Publish the Picture at Your Peril: Visual Ideas and the Commercial Apparatus of Life Magazine

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-324
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Life Magazine ◽  
Advertising Revenue ◽  
Manufacturing Company

AbstractIn the early years of the twentieth century, Life magazine had only approximately one hundred thousand subscribers, yet its illustrated images (like the Gibson Girl) significantly influenced fashion trends and social behaviors nationally. Its outsized influence can be explained by examining the magazine’s business practices, particularly the novel ways in which it treated and conceptualized its images as intellectual property. While other magazines relied on their circulation and advertising revenue to attain profitability, Life used its page space to sell not only ads, but also its own creative components—principally illustrations—to manufacturers of consumer goods, advertisers, and consumers themselves. In so doing, Life’s publishers relied on a developing legal conception of intellectual property and copyright, one that was not always amenable to their designs. By looking at a quasi-litigious disagreement in which a candy manufacturing company attempted to copy one of the magazine’s images, this article explores the mechanisms behind the commodification and distribution of mass-circulated images.

Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): The Case of Latin American & Caribbean Developing Economies

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

The growing share of knowledge-intensive products in international trade and the increasing sensitivity of multinational firms to intellectual property theft make it imperative to analyse the effect of IPR promulgation on their FDI decision. In this perspective the current article gauge the importance of Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement under World Trade Organisation (WTO) in increasing a Latin American & Caribbean (LAC) developing economy’s appeal for investors from abroad. Infrastructure and skilled labour availability, market size, macroeconomic stability, economic development, and trade liberalization are also considered. Time-invariant phenomena such as access to the sea, regional affiliations/proximities, income groupings and ability to speak one of the international languages, though desirable were not done because fixed effect panel estimation technique does not permit the use of dummy variables. Due to the 2008-2009 recession in the developed economies, the available investment funds withered, making the investors’ sceptic apropos the safety of their tangible and intangible property, especially in the developing world, causing a decrease in FDI to these nations in general. However, LAC countries were somewhat resilient and received a steadily increasing flow of foreign investment. Thus, it demands to analyse the factors that overcame the overseas investors’ scepticism and prompted them to invest in the LAC region. By utilizing annual data for 28 years that is 1989-2016 from 24 LAC developing nations it is found that infrastructure and human capital availability, macroeconomic stability, economic development, strengthening and worldwide harmonization of intellectual property right standards through TRIPS positively effects the overseas investor's investment decision. The host population used to measure market size is found to be insignificant when tested with other conventional FDI location pull factors. Similarly, liberalization, consistent with horizontal FDI theory, exerts a significant negative effect on inward FDI.

Hearth and Home and Horror: Gothic Trappings in early C20th Latin American Short Fiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Megan DeVirgilis
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
To Receive ◽  
American Authors ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The Gothic short form in Latin America has yet to receive focused scholarly attention. Yet, despite no early Gothic novel tradition to speak of, the Gothic mode emerged in poetry and short fiction, representing particular anxieties and colonial/postcolonial realities specific to the region owing in part to a significant increase in periodicals. Focusing on two case studies – Clemente Palma's ‘La granja blanca’ (Peru, 1904) and Horacio Quiroga's ‘El almohadón de plumas’ (Uruguay, 1917) – this article will explore how Latin American authors classified as modern, modernista, and criollista were experimenting with Gothic forms, adapting the design of the traditional Gothic novel to intensify its effect and reach a wider readership. Demonstrating a particular influence of Poe, a unity of effect is created, one that suggests that the home is a place of horrors, not comfort, and the uniquely horrifying settings and plot ultimately challenge established moral codes and literary tendencies.

scholarly journals Voices of Mexican history in Sophia Segovia's novel «The Murmur of Bees»

2021 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Liudmila Okuneva
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Magical Realism ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mexican History

The article examines the novel by the Mexican writer Sofia Segovia «The Murmur of Bees», published in Russian in 2021. The novel, written in the genre of Latin American "magical realism", describes the dramatic events of the period of "revolutionary caudillism" that followed the Mexican revolution of 1910—1917. The novel, which is a literary discovery of the year, provides an interpretation of revolutionary events that is unusual for official historiography.

scholarly journals América Latina: cidades, memórias e esquecimentos sob o olhar da literatura

REVISTA PLURI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Yvone Dias Avelino
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
The Real ◽  
American Novels ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
America Latina ◽  
American Authors

Este artigo formula algumas reflexões sobre a associação da história com a literatura. Estabelecemos alguns nexos com trabalhos literários de autores latino-americanos do século XX. Nas páginas desses romances latino-americanos desfilam os expoentes de toda uma estrutura de dominação: políticos, velhos aristocratas, oportunistas recém-chegados, fazendeiros truculentos, funcionários públicos subservientes, advogados venais, representantes do capitalismo local, dominados e dominantes. Mostram-nos os vários escritores latino-americanos as ditaduras na sua insanidade grotesca, as repressões cruentas que fazem emergir os movimentos sociais populares. Estão presentes as turbulências do real e imaginário, utilitário e mágico, da dúvida e perplexidade, memória e esperança, do esquecimento e da desesperança, do espelho e labirinto.Palavras-chave: História, Literatura, Espelho, Labirinto, América Latina.AbstractThis article proposes some reflections about the association between history and literature. We have established some links with literary works written by Latin American authors of the twentieth century. In the pages of these Latin American novels the exponents of a whole structure of domination are paraded: politicians, old aristocrats, opportunist newcomers, truculent farmers, subservient civil servants, venal lawyers, representatives of local capitalism, dominated and dominant ones. The various Latin American writers show us dictatorships in their grotesque insanity, the bloody repressions that allow popular social movements to emerge. They outline the turbulences of the real and imaginary, utilitarian and magical, doubt and perplexity, memory and hope, forgetfulness and hopelessness, mirror and labyrinth.Keywords: History, Literature, Mirror, Labyrinth, Latin America.

scholarly journals Yo el Supremo, de Roa Bastos. Sobre el poder y el derecho en el mito del Doctor Francia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Jesús Antonio de la Torre Rangel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The Novel ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Literature And Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

The importance of the relationship between literature and law, in general, is highlighted; and it is pointed out through examples set by some novels and their treatment of Rights. The text is dedicated, especially, to show how the law is manifested in Roa Bastos’s Yo el supremo, a masterpiece of Latin American letters. The famous and enigmatic Doctor Francia —theologian and jurist—, in his Perpetual Dictatorship in Paraguay, dictates and practices the Law. It expresses what the novel says about the Law and offers historic data that support what is said.

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