Allatostatin decreases stomatogastric neuromuscular transmission in the crab Cancer borealis.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (23) ◽  
pp. 2937-2946 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Jorge-Rivera ◽  
E Marder
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Cancer Borealis ◽  
High K ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Evoked Contractions ◽  
Stomach Musculature

The effects of insect allatostatins (ASTs) 1-4 were studied on the stomach musculature of the crab Cancer borealis. Of these, Diploptera-allatostatin 3 (D-AST-3) was the most effective. D-AST-3 (10(-6 )mol l-1) reduced the amplitude of nerve-evoked contractions, excitatory junctional potentials and excitatory junctional currents at both cholinergic and glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions. Muscle fiber responses to ionophoretic applications of both acetylcholine and glutamate were reduced by the peptide, but D-AST-3 produced no apparent change in the input resistance of the muscle fiber. D-AST-3 reduced the amplitude of muscle contractures evoked by both acetylcholine and glutamate, but had no effect on contractures induced by a high [K+]. These data suggest that D-AST-3 decreases the postsynaptic actions of both neurally released acetylcholine and glutamate. Because an AST-like peptide is found in peripheral sensory neurons that innervate stomatogastric muscles and in the pericardial organs, we suggest that an AST-like peptide may play a role in controlling the gain of the excitatory neuromuscular junctions in the stomach.

scholarly journals Hyperexcitability of Sensory Neurons in Fragile X Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan-Yue Deng ◽  
Oshri Avraham ◽  
Valeria Cavalli ◽  
Vitaly A. Klyachko
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Sensory Neuron ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Hcn Channels ◽  
Satellite Glial Cells ◽  
Peripheral Sensory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Sensory hypersensitivity and somatosensory deficits represent the core symptoms of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). These alterations are believed to arise from changes in cortical sensory processing, while potential deficits in the function of peripheral sensory neurons residing in dorsal root ganglia remain unexplored. We found that peripheral sensory neurons exhibit pronounced hyperexcitability in Fmr1 KO mice, manifested by markedly increased action potential (AP) firing rate and decreased threshold. Unlike excitability changes found in many central neurons, no significant changes were observed in AP rising and falling time, peak potential, amplitude, or duration. Sensory neuron hyperexcitability was caused primarily by increased input resistance, without changes in cell capacitance or resting membrane potential. Analyses of the underlying mechanisms revealed reduced activity of HCN channels and reduced expression of HCN1 and HCN4 in Fmr1 KO compared to WT. A selective HCN channel blocker abolished differences in all measures of sensory neuron excitability between WT and Fmr1 KO neurons. These results reveal a hyperexcitable state of peripheral sensory neurons in Fmr1 KO mice caused by dysfunction of HCN channels. In addition to the intrinsic neuronal dysfunction, the accompanying paper examines deficits in sensory neuron association/communication with their enveloping satellite glial cells, suggesting contributions from both neuronal intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to sensory dysfunction in the FXS mouse model.

Modulation of μ-opioid receptor desensitization in peripheral sensory neurons by phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ

Neuroscience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. König ◽  
O. Gavrilova-Ruch ◽  
G. Segond von Banchet ◽  
R. Bauer ◽  
M. Grün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Receptor Desensitization ◽  
Peripheral Sensory Neurons ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

scholarly journals A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 coordinates metabotropic glutamate receptor sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons

Pain ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (11) ◽  
pp. 2364-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalina Szteyn ◽  
Matthew P. Rowan ◽  
Ruben Gomez ◽  
Junhui Du ◽  
Susan M. Carlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Peripheral Sensory Neurons ◽  
Anchoring Protein ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Physiological effects of two FMRFamide-related peptides from the crayfish Procambarus clarkii

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
M Skerrett ◽  
A Peaire ◽  
P Quigley ◽  
A Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Synaptic Current ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Neuromuscular Systems ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Measurable Change

The present study examined the effects of two recently identified neuropeptides on crayfish hearts and on neuromuscular junctions of the crayfish deep abdominal extensor muscles. The two peptides, referred to as NF1 (Asn-Arg-Asn-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2) and DF2 (Asp-Arg-Asn-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2), increased the rate and amplitude of spontaneous cardiac contractions and increased the amplitude of excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) in the deep extensors. Both effects were dose-dependent, but threshold and EC50 values for the cardiac effects were at least 10 times lower than for the deep extensor effects. The heart responded equally well to three sequential applications of peptide in any given preparation, but the responses of the deep extensors appeared to decline with successive peptide applications. The results support the hypothesis that these two neuropeptides act as neurohormones to modulate the cardiac and neuromuscular systems in crayfish. Quantal synaptic current recordings from the deep extensor muscles indicate that both peptides increase the number of quanta of transmitter released from synaptic terminals. Neither peptide elicited a measurable change in the size of quantal synaptic currents. NF1 caused a small increase in muscle cell input resistance, while DF2 did not alter input resistance. These data suggest that DF2 increases EJP amplitudes primarily by increasing transmitter release, while the increase elicited by NF1 appears to involve presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Functional subgroups of rat and human sensory neurons: a systematic review of electrophysiological properties

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Körner ◽  
Angelika Lampert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Electrophysiological Data ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractSensory neurons are responsible for the generation and transmission of nociceptive signals from the periphery to the central nervous system. They encompass a broadly heterogeneous population of highly specialized neurons. The understanding of the molecular choreography of individual subpopulations is essential to understand physiological and pathological pain states. Recently, it became evident that species differences limit transferability of research findings between human and rodents in pain research. Thus, it is necessary to systematically compare and categorize the electrophysiological data gained from human and rodent dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGs). In this systematic review, we condense the available electrophysiological data defining subidentities in human and rat DRGs. A systematic search on PUBMED yielded 30 studies on rat and 3 studies on human sensory neurons. Defined outcome parameters included current clamp, voltage clamp, cell morphology, pharmacological readouts, and immune reactivity parameters. We compare evidence gathered for outcome markers to define subgroups, offer electrophysiological parameters for the definition of neuronal subtypes, and give a framework for the transferability of electrophysiological findings between species. A semiquantitative analysis revealed that for rat DRGs, there is an overarching consensus between studies that C-fiber linked sensory neurons display a lower action potential threshold, higher input resistance, a larger action potential overshoot, and a longer afterhyperpolarization duration compared to other sensory neurons. They are also more likely to display an infliction point in the falling phase of the action potential. This systematic review points out the need of more electrophysiological studies on human sensory neurons.

scholarly journals Selective Expression of a SNARE-Cleaving Protease in Peripheral Sensory Neurons Attenuates Pain-Related Gene Transcription and Neuropeptide Release

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8826
Author(s):  
Wanzhi Wang ◽  
Miaomiao Kong ◽  
Yu Dou ◽  
Shanghai Xue ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Nociceptive Neurons ◽  
Neuropeptide Release ◽  
Selective Expression ◽  
Peripheral Sensory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Chronic pain is a leading health and socioeconomic problem and an unmet need exists for long-lasting analgesics. SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) are required for neuropeptide release and noxious signal transducer surface trafficking, thus, selective expression of the SNARE-cleaving light-chain protease of botulinum neurotoxin A (LCA) in peripheral sensory neurons could alleviate chronic pain. However, a safety concern to this approach is the lack of a sensory neuronal promoter to prevent the expression of LCA in the central nervous system. Towards this, we exploit the unique characteristics of Pirt (phosphoinositide-interacting regulator of TRP), which is expressed in peripheral nociceptive neurons. For the first time, we identified a Pirt promoter element and cloned it into a lentiviral vector driving transgene expression selectively in peripheral sensory neurons. Pirt promoter driven-LCA expression yielded rapid and concentration-dependent cleavage of SNAP-25 in cultured sensory neurons. Moreover, the transcripts of pain-related genes (TAC1, tachykinin precursor 1; CALCB, calcitonin gene-related peptide 2; HTR3A, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A; NPY2R, neuropeptide Y receptor Y2; GPR52, G protein-coupled receptor 52; SCN9A, sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9; TRPV1 and TRPA1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 and subfamily A member 1) in pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated sensory neurons were downregulated by viral mediated expression of LCA. Furthermore, viral expression of LCA yielded long-lasting inhibition of pain mediator release. Thus, we show that the engineered Pirt-LCA virus may provide a novel means for long lasting pain relief.

scholarly journals Humoral regulation of neuromuscular transmission and neurotrophic control of skeletal muscle fiber

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
G. I. Poletaev
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Neurotrophic Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Humoral Regulation

The mechanism of nerve-to-muscle transmission, as well as the trophic influence of the nervous system on effector organs, have always been in the focus of attention of scientists of the Kazan physiological school. Suffice it to recall the famous physiologist A.F. Samoilov, who in 1924 for the first time established the chemical nature of neuromuscular transmission.

scholarly journals Back pain is a common cause of treatment to a neurologist

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Svyrydova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Pain - one of the most common reasons for handling to a neurologist. Approximately 80% of the population is plagued at one time or another by back pain, especially lower back pain. Nervous system detects and interprets a wide range of endogenous and environmental irritants. Pain mediated by nociceptors, through the peripheral sensory neurons that signal potential damage to the skin via stimulus conversion into electrical signals that are relayed to higher brain centers.

scholarly journals Voltage-gated Na+ currents in human dorsal root ganglion neurons

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulin Zhang ◽  
Birgit T Priest ◽  
Inna Belfer ◽  
Michael S Gold
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Na Currents ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Available evidence indicates voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) in peripheral sensory neurons are essential for the pain and hypersensitivity associated with tissue injury. However, our understanding of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the channels in sensory neurons is largely based on the study of heterologous systems or rodent tissue, despite evidence that both expression systems and species differences influence these properties. Therefore, we sought to determine the extent to which the biophysical and pharmacological properties of VGSCs were comparable in rat and human sensory neurons. Whole cell patch clamp techniques were used to study Na+ currents in acutely dissociated neurons from human and rat. Our results indicate that while the two major current types, generally referred to as tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive and TTX-resistant were qualitatively similar in neurons from rats and humans, there were several differences that have important implications for drug development as well as our understanding of pain mechanisms.

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