Steam Locomotive Development in Argentina—its Contribution to the Future of Railway Technology in the Under-Developed Countries

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (328) ◽  
pp. 205-256
Author(s):  
L. D. Porta
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Future

Infinite Needs–Finite Resources: The Future of Healthcare

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Richard D. Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Tensions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed World

The single greatest challenge facing managers in the developed countries of the world is to raise the productivity of knowledge and service workers. This challenge, which will dominate the management agenda for the next several decades, will ultimately determine the competitive performance of companies. Even more important, it will determine the very fabric of society and the quality of life of every industrialized nation. … Unless this challenge is met, the developed world will face increasing social tensions, increasing polarization, increasing radicalization, possibly even class war.

POTENSI SUMBER BIOGAS BERBASIS TINJA PADA SUATU CLUSTER PERUMAHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
As Zhu Ra ◽  
Sudarti ◽  
Yushardi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
The Future

Abstract: THE POTENTIAL OF BIOGAS SOURCES BASED ON REFERENCE IN A HOUSING CLUSTER. In the future there will be a shortage of fuel oil, as a result developed countries will begin to work on the management of use in replacing the problem of low fuel oil and shortage of LPJ gas in the future, one of which is to produce alternative energy using human waste as the basic material, usually called Bio- Gas / Bio-Fuel. However, the management system and processes still use septic tanks that absorb human waste. So the main material or human waste that can be made to generate alternative energy for general public needs, so that it is not wasted using existing disposal methods. This activity is an explanatory activity to describe the process of disposing of human waste in the process of the exhaust pipe equipment system for each house by accumulating it in the central disposal area for the fermentation process to produce methane gas which is converted into gas power to electricity. This invention is used to find out how to make biogas from human waste. The findings of the present invention show the addition of methane gas and a central septic-tank in several households. Key words: Energy, Alternative, Biogas, Human waste, Fermentation process, Biofuel Abstrak: Pada masa depan akan terjaddi kekurangan bahan bakar minyak, akibatnya wilayah negara maju memulai mengerjakan pengelolaan digunakan dalam menggantikan permasalahan sedikitnya BBM dan kekurangan gas LPJ pada masa depan nanti, salah satu yang dilakukan adalah memproduksi energi alternative dengan bahan dasar kotoran manusia biasanya dinamakan dengan Bio-Gas/Bio-Fuel. Akan tetapi, system pengelolaannya dan prosesnya masih menggunakan septik-tank yang meresap kotoran manusia. Jadi bahan utama atau limbah manusia yang sepatutnya dapat dibuat untuk penghasilan tenaga alternative untuk keperluan umum masyarakat, supaya tidak terbuang sia-sia menggunakan cara pembuangan yang ada. Kegiatan ini merupakan pada kegiatan eksplanatori berbuat untuk mendiskripsikan proses prosedur membuang kotoran manusia dalam proses system perlengkapan pipa pembuangan tiap-tiap rumah dengan dikomulatifkan di wardah pembuangan pusat untuk proses fermentasi untuk menghasilkan gas metana yang dirubah dalam tenaga gas ke listrik. Penemuan ini digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara membuat biogas dari kotoran manusia. Perolehan dari penemuan ini memperlihatkan penambahan gas metana dan sentral septik-tank pada beberapa rumah tangga. Kata kunci: Energi, Alternatif, Biogas, Kotoran manusia, Proses fermentasi, Biofuel

scholarly journals The Application of Principles of Green Building in Traditional Housing in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Maryam Qays Oleiwi ◽  
Ayat Ali ◽  
Nangkula Utaberta ◽  
Mastor Surat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

Green building has become an important issue among architects and urban planners due to the increment in global warming risks and climatic changes which influenced negatively on natural resources. It is also one of measures been put forward to alleviate the significant impacts of the influence of buildings on the environment, society and economy. There have been extensive studies on green buildings, as evidenced in the rapid growing number of papers been published in last decades. These studies have been conducted in both developed countries and developing countries, indicating this is a global issue. However, there is lack of extensive researches on the green buildings in Iraq that is crucial for the future exerts. This paper reports the definition of green building, the environmental, social and economical aspects of green building, and application of green building's principles in traditional housing in Iraq.

Total Factor Productivity Growth in East Asia: Implications for the Future

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-il Kim
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Future Growth

The total factor productivity (TFP) growth controversy and the recent economic crisis raise many questions about the future growth of East Asia. Our analysis of historical experiences shows that low TFP growth in the East Asian newly industrialized economies (NIEs) is a natural pattern of growth at the initial phase of industrialization. Empirical evidence shows that East Asian NIEs in recent decades have been proceeding toward an efficiency-based growth as developed countries did some time ago. The history of Latin America, however, indicates that the reform of old-fashioned institutions is needed if East Asia is to follow the path of the developed countries.

scholarly journals Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2853-2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Future Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
Livestock Products

The livestock sector globally is highly dynamic. In developing countries, it is evolving in response to rapidly increasing demand for livestock products. In developed countries, demand for livestock products is stagnating, while many production systems are increasing their efficiency and environmental sustainability. Historical changes in the demand for livestock products have been largely driven by human population growth, income growth and urbanization and the production response in different livestock systems has been associated with science and technology as well as increases in animal numbers. In the future, production will increasingly be affected by competition for natural resources, particularly land and water, competition between food and feed and by the need to operate in a carbon-constrained economy. Developments in breeding, nutrition and animal health will continue to contribute to increasing potential production and further efficiency and genetic gains. Livestock production is likely to be increasingly affected by carbon constraints and environmental and animal welfare legislation. Demand for livestock products in the future could be heavily moderated by socio-economic factors such as human health concerns and changing socio-cultural values. There is considerable uncertainty as to how these factors will play out in different regions of the world in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Indirect costs associated with deaths of children aged 0–14 years from measles in a weak health system and conflict and fragile zone: the case of Somalia

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Da'ar
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Future

Abstract This study recognises periodic outbreaks of measles continue to affect conflict and fragile zones in the least developed countries. This study set out to provide evidence for the indirect costs or economic loss associated with measles-related deaths among children aged 0–14 years in Somalia. Using epidemiologic and economic data, the indirect cost was calculated based on the framework of the World Health Organisation guide of identifying the economic consequences of disease and injury. The baseline indirect cost was computed as the product of discounted future productive years of life lost (PYLL), non-health gross domestic product per capita (NHGDPPC) and the estimated total measles deaths (ETMD). The model was adjusted for conflict and fragility conditions and further extension considered a finite and stable upper limit growth of the instability-adjusted NHGDPPC. To discount future costs, a rate of 3% was applied. Using a ±20% variability assumption of the epidemiologic and economic factor inputs, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to account for uncertainty. In 2015 values, the ETMD of 3723 measles deaths of children aged 0–14 years could decrease non-health GDP of the country by $23.46 million, a potential loss of $6303 per death over the discounted PYLL. The loss would increase by 5.3% when adjusted for conflict and fragility conditions. Assuming growth, the future adjusted loss is expected to be $35.91 million in 2015 values. Girl-child deaths accounted for 51.2% of the burden. Results are robust to the variations in the model inputs, although sensitivity analyses suggest the proportion of total measles deaths and the discount rate accounted for greater uncertainty of the loss than do the proportion of growth and instability assumption. Conflict and fragility accounted for the least uncertainty, perhaps confirming their relative perpetuity in Somalia. Results show significant indirect cost related to measles deaths of children, exacerbated by conflict and fragility. This is an economic burden, but one which the health system, policy-makers, government and other stakeholders should be prepared to colossally discount by collectively taking measles surveillance and security measures now to reduce further deaths in the future.

scholarly journals Post Occupancy Evaluation of Putra Perdana Park

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Noraini Talib ◽  
Noorizan Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Kher Hussein ◽  
Shureen Faris Abd Shukor
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Performance Challenges

In rapidly developed countries such as malaysia, the importance of urban parks is recognized by development of new parks expecially in Putrajaya. This paper analyses the status of Putra Perdana Parks in Putrajaya in terms of vistors satisfaction towards park setting including people’s needs, accessibility, park safety, parks design and park facilities and mainteanace using Post Occupancy Evalution (POE) method. Data was compiled by meansof a literature review, observation and survey among visitors. Result shows Putra Perdana Parks is the effectiveness of a park’s design with visitors were satisfaction with score 4 out of 5 using 5 rating likert scale performance. Challenges releted to this publication should guide the landscape architects as well as the contractors to see the importance of conducting POE in the future and to upgrade the existing parks in Malaysia.

scholarly journals How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Future ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Economic Position

This paper argues that the main cause of the deteriorating economic position of unskilled workers in the United States and other developed countries has been expansion of trade with developing countries. In the framework of a Heckscher-Ohlin model, it outlines the evidence in support of this view, responds to criticisms of this evidence, and challenges the evidence for the alternative view that the problems of unskilled workers are caused mainly by new technology. The paper concludes with a look at the future and at the implications for public policy.

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