Paper 10: Basic Design—Design for Safety

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
P. M. Wilks ◽  
F. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Clear Picture ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Good Design ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Design Function ◽  
Design For Safety ◽  
Thinking Process

To consider the basis of incorporating safety and reliability into design, it is necessary to understand the design function. We must think in terms of a complete activity, not one concerned only with the safety of automobiles. This is the narrow, present-day popular aspect of safety. It is equally important that safety and reliability shall be of vital concern whether the article being designed is a can-opener or a battleship; both are for the use of people, who must have neither their lives nor their comforts jeopardized by a careless fundamental approach. Good basic design depends on a sound knowledge of the engineering principles, and a clear picture of all available data and facts about the case being considered. It is essential that design begins by giving engineers training in basic principles, and making quite certain that they are able to get at all the relevant facts and knowledge which gives a background to the correct approach. They must also be freely advised of any new methods which may influence the thinking process. The next important aspect of safety and reliability in design is prediction. Without the ability and knowledge to predict how a part will function in practice, even moderately good design is impossible.

scholarly journals PyroMEMS as Future Technological Building Blocks for Advanced Microenergetic Systems

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Jean-Laurent Pouchairet ◽  
Carole Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Function Block ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Electronically Controllable

For the past two decades, many research groups have investigated new methods for reducing the size and cost of safe and arm-fire systems, while also improving their safety and reliability, through batch processing. Simultaneously, micro- and nanotechnology advancements regarding nanothermite materials have enabled the production of a key technological building block: pyrotechnical microsystems (pyroMEMS). This building block simply consists of microscale electric initiators with a thin thermite layer as the ignition charge. This microscale to millimeter-scale addressable pyroMEMS enables the integration of intelligence into centimeter-scale pyrotechnical systems. To illustrate this technological evolution, we hereby present the development of a smart infrared (IR) electronically controllable flare consisting of three distinct components: (1) a controllable pyrotechnical ejection block comprising three independently addressable small-scale propellers, all integrated into a one-piece molded and interconnected device, (2) a terminal function block comprising a structured IR pyrotechnical loaf coupled with a microinitiation stage integrating low-energy addressable pyroMEMS, and (3) a connected, autonomous, STANAG 4187 compliant, electronic sensor arming and firing block.

Basic Principles and New Methods on Emotional Product Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Hong Juan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Shape Design ◽  
Emotional Design ◽  
Kansei Engineering ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Product Technology

Emotional design is one of the most important methods in modern product design. It was highlighted after Donald A. Norman published his book Emotional design: why we love (or hate) everyday things. Emotional design addresses people’s needs and hopes which is in the center of the development of product design and product technology. Due to the lack of strong theoretical basis and quantitative analysis, many products can’t reach the goal of their designers with Emotional feelings, nor can consumer’s emotional understandings be similar to the designers’ emotional expectations. This paper analyzes the concept of emotional design and some difficulties which designers must to be faced in their emotional designing works, discusses on product shape design according to emotional design. On this basis, the Kansei engineering and emotional design methods are described in details.

scholarly journals Application of TOPSIS and AHP in the Multi-Objective Decision-Making Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 05002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
New Methods

The problems of multi-objective decision making are analysed and studied. In order to solve its optimization problems, the basic principles and application steps of TOPSIS and AHP are introduced in this paper. Then some practical examples are given to show how to apply these two new methods in multi-objective decision making problems. Finally, the advantage and feasibility of the TOPSIS and AHP methods are demonstrated by theoretical analysis.

scholarly journals The First and Second Hands Data in Doctoral Research Work

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Hasan Jashari
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Mixed Approach

It is a matter of debate about what a scientific research is. But within this issue we often discuss about the data source. These issues have raised some dilemmas of ethical character on how datas shall be collected, who collects them, and who may use and the way they are used. No doubt those doctorates represent a research but the purpose of this paper is to stimulate debate on some essential criteria which it should have. The first question we put forth is that how much of the data presented by the candidate are of first hand- collected by the candidate himself, his team and how much data are used from other sources or are given from second hand (Mattews, Ross, 2012). From the direct analysis of the doctorate works in SEE University, it turns out that there is a mixed approach of using the data and their presentation. We can freely say that first-hand data are more in number but there is also a great numbers of dissertations without first-hand data, so without source data, collected directly by the author on the determined subject of his paper . So the permanent question that should afflict us is that whether a dissertation should always respect innovation and basic principles of Salzburg Principles? By reviewing of the literature, documents analyzing, statistical analyzing we will be able to give a clear picture of how the of primary and secondary sources in the dissertation work should be used.

scholarly journals Designating the preference of tram shelter as a part of transit-oriented development’s concept within Kota Tua Jakarta using fuzzy logic

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
S Bahri ◽  
AW Purwantiasning
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Good Design ◽  
Relevant Point ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology

Abstract This research is a part of multi-year research, which has been started since last year by conducting some studies, either literature or simulation, for photovoltaic technology used in public transportation. In supporting the primary research of the implementation of Transit-Oriented Development’s concept within Kota Tua Jakarta, this research was also delivering the analysis of preferences through the community to designate the appropriate tram shelter within the historical area of Kota Tua Jakarta. By using fuzzy logic, this research has analysed the relevant point of tram shelter within the historical area of Kota Tua Jakarta. It has proposed together with another result of the study to be a good design. Thus, this research has completed some of the Transit-Oriented Development’s basic principles, such as transiting, connecting, and shifting to support the need within the area of Kota Tua Jakarta.

Whose Criminals Are These? Church, State, and Patronatos and the Rehabilitation of Female Convicts (Buenos Aires, 1890-1940)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila M. Caimari
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
School Crime ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
New Science ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Female Convicts ◽  
European Immigration

Turn-of-the century Argentine political leaders were deeply influenced by new ideas about the origin and treatment of criminality developed by the Italian positivist school of criminology. According to this school, crime was not the fruit of the criminal's wickedness, as classic penology had claimed, but was rather the result of a complex web of social and psycho-biological determinations of which the criminal had been a victim. This pathology called “crime” could be corrected if its origin was scientifically determined and if the new methods of rehabilitation prescribed for criminals and potential criminals were enforced. Although not all of the premises of the criminological school led by Lombroso, Ferri, and Garofalo were accepted uncritically in Argentina, the basic principles of the new science were widely adopted by jurists, doctors, hygienists and psychiatrists. These ideas were received in the context of massive European immigration, accelerated urbanization, and the emergence of a large working class.

Analytic Element Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Separation Of Variables ◽  
Singular Integral Equations ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Analytic Element Method ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Analytic Element ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Element Method

The Analytic Element Method provides a foundation to solve boundary value problems commonly encountered in engineering and science. The goals are: to introduce readers to the basic principles of the AEM, to provide a template for those interested in pursuing these methods, and to empower readers to extend the AEM paradigm to an even broader range of problems. A comprehensive paradigm: place an element within its landscape, formulate its interactions with other elements using linear series of influence functions, and then solve for its coefficients to match its boundary and interface conditions with nearly exact precision. Collectively, sets of elements interact to transform their environment, and these synergistic interactions are expanded upon for three common types of problems. The first problem studies a vector field that is directed from high to low values of a function, and applications include: groundwater flow, vadose zone seepage, incompressible fluid flow, thermal conduction and electrostatics. A second type of problem studies the interactions of elements with waves, with applications including water waves and acoustics. A third type of problem studies the interactions of elements with stresses and displacements, with applications in elasticity for structures and geomechanics. The Analytic Element Method paradigm comprehensively employs a background of existing methodology using complex functions, separation of variables and singular integral equations. This text puts forth new methods to solving important problems across engineering and science, and has a tremendous potential to broaden perspective and change the way problems are formulated.

Using Spreadsheets for Management Tasks

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Cathy Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Complex Information

In this chapter we will see how using spreadsheets can help you with many of the control tasks that we have discussed in the different chapters. We’ll also see how you can use graphs and charts (hand-drawn and by spreadsheet) to help in decision-making and presenting results. We will look at some of the simple techniques that can make spreadsheets easier to use on a frequent basis and at some of the shortcuts you can take. Incorporating some basic design features can help with ongoing usage, and with enabling others to use spreadsheets that you have designed. The use of charts and how they can help with presenting complex information in a simpler way will also be considered. It’s assumed that you have a basic knowledge of spreadsheets. If some of this is boring because you’re at a higher level of competence, then please move on. There’s a refresher exercise to revise skills and perhaps practise some new ones, and some suggestions about using spreadsheets for personal tasks. By the end of this chapter, therefore, you should be able to: - Comprehend the basic principles of spreadsheet design - Practise a range of techniques to improve speed and efficiency - Comprehend the variety of areas where spreadsheets can be used - Draw a chart to scale by hand - Create a chart using a spreadsheet.

Recent advances in biological imaging

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Saibil ◽  
Nicholas White
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent innovations in microscopy and digital image processing have greatly enhanced the power of biological imaging. Basic principles of several new methods in light and electron microscopy will be discussed, and examples presented of their application to cell and molecular biology.

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