scholarly journals The Original Management Incentive Schemes

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T Holden
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Executive Stock Option ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Excessive Risk Taking

During the 1990s, the structure of pay for top corporate executives shifted markedly as the use of stock options greatly expanded. By the early 2000s, as the dot-com boom ended and the Nasdaq stock index melted down, these modern executive incentive schemes were being sharply questioned on many grounds—for encouraging excessive risk-taking and a short-run orientation, for being an overly costly and inefficient method of providing incentives, and even for tempting managers of firms like Enron, WorldCom and Tyco to commit fraud in order to ensure a high stock price at the time of exercise. This article examines executive incentive schemes developed by Du Pont and General Motors in the 1920s —the original incentive schemes linking executive compensation to stock prices. The author argues that these plans were well-designed to pre-empt and address many of the criticisms of modern-day executive stock option plans.

THE VALUE OF BEING LUCKY: OPTION BACKDATING AND NONDIVERSIFIABLE RISK

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150023
Author(s):  
VICKY HENDERSON ◽  
JIA SUN ◽  
A. ELIZABETH WHALLEY
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Executive Stock Option ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Lookback Option ◽  
Utility Indifference ◽  
Option Compensation

The practice of executives influencing their option compensation by setting a grant date retrospectively is known as backdating. Since executive stock options are usually granted at-the-money, selecting an advantageous grant date to coincide with a low stock price will be valuable to an executive. Empirical evidence shows that backdating of executive stock option grants was prevalent, particularly at firms with highly volatile stock prices. Executives who have the opportunity to backdate should take this into account in their valuation. We quantify the value to a risk averse executive of a lucky option grant with strike chosen to coincide with the lowest stock price of the month. We show the ex ante gain to risk averse executives from the ability to backdate increases with both risk aversion and with volatility, and is significant in magnitude. Our model involves valuing the embedded partial American lookback option in a utility indifference setting with key features of risk aversion, inability to diversify and early exercise.

A Sectoral Analysis of the Role of Stock Market Development on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Indian Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Sehrawat ◽  
A.K. Giri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

The present study examines the relationship between Indian stock market and economic growth from a sectoral perspective using quarterly time-series data from 2003:Q4 to 2014:Q4. The results of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach bounds test confirm the existence of a cointegrating relationship between sector-specific gross domestic product (GDP) and sector-specific stock indices. The empirical results reveal that sector-specific economic growth are significantly influenced by changes in the respective sector-specific stock price indices in the long run as well as in the short run. Apart from that, the control variables, such as trade openness and inflation, act as the instrument variables in explaining the variations in the sector-specific GDP of the economy. The results of Granger causality test demonstrate unidirectional long-run as well as short-run causality running from sector specific stock prices to respective sector GDP. The findings suggest that economic growth of the country is sensitive to respective sub-sector stock market investments. The findings highlight the reasons for cyclical and counter-cyclical business phase for the overall economy.

Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, dan BI-Rate terhadap Harga Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Fifi Afiyanti Tripuspitorini
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Monthly Period

Islamic investment is experiencing an upward trend from year to year. Many investors are starting to look at Islamic stocks. One of the Islamic stocks in Indonesia is the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). Investors must have many careful considerations to invest. One of the factors that may influence stock prices is macroeconomic factors. This study aims to determine how macroeconomic variables in the form of inflation, the rupiah exchange rate against the dollar, and Bank Indonesia interest rates can affect the ISSI stock price. This study uses a quantitative data approach. The data is obtained from the Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) in the monthly period January 2016 to December 2018.Meanwhile, data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of WarpPLS. The results showed that inflation and the rupiah exchange rate had no effect on the ISSI stock price. while the BI rate has a significant negative effect on the ISSI stock price.

Can Derivative Information Predict Stock Price Jumps?

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Noe-Keol Kwark ◽  
Hyoung-Goo Kang ◽  
Sang-Gyung Jun
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Put Options ◽  
The Cross

<p>This study examines the predictability of jumps in stock prices using options-trading information, the futures basis spread, the cross-sectional standard deviation of returns on components in the stock index, and exchange rates. A stock price jump was defined as a large fluctuation in the stock price that deviated from the distribution thresholds of the past rates of return. This empirical analysis shows that the implied volatility spread between ATM call and put options was a significant predictor for both upward and downward jumps, whereas the volatility skew was less significant. In addition, the futures basis spread was moderately significant for downward stock price jumps. Both the cross-sectional standard deviation of the rates of return on component stocks in the KOSPI 200 and the won-dollar exchange rates were significant predictors for both upward and downward jumps.</p>

Stock option modification under SFAS 123(R)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Steven Balsam ◽  
Il-woon Kim ◽  
David Ryan ◽  
Hakjoon Song
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Price Performance ◽  
Political Cost

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the motivations for and variations in terms of stock option modifications under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 123(R). Stock options are used to motivate and retain employees. Unfortunately, when stock prices decline, existing options lose their incentive value. In response, firms look for ways to re-incentivize their employees. Their choices include issuing additional options and/or modifying existing grants. Design/methodology/approach – We investigate the economic determinants of stock option modification post SFAS 123(R), such as financial reporting cost, shareholder/political cost and employee incentive and retention. Our analysis is based on 67 sample firms that modify their stock option plans from 2005 to 2008 and 67 control firms constructed based on size, industry, year and stock price performance for the prior five years. Findings – The results show that loss firms are more likely to modify their options, which supports the argument that financial reporting costs influence the decision to modify. We find support for the shareholder/political costs hypothesis, as the overhang ratio is positively associated with the decision to modify. However, we find no evidence that modifications substitute for additional option grants. We find that politically sensitive larger firms are more likely to incorporate more shareholder friendly measures such as excluding executives from modification or providing shareholders the opportunity to vote on modification. Originality/value – This is the first paper examining the economic determinants of stock option modification under SFAS 123(R). Our findings provide some insights regarding economic determinants of SFAS 123(R) for accounting policy-makers and investors.

scholarly journals Executive stock options with a rebate: Valuation formula

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
P.W.A. Dayananda
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Time ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Executive Stock Options ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Executive Stock Option ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Over Time

We examine the valuation of executive stock option award where there is a rebate at exercise. The rebate depends on the performance of the stock of the corporation over time the period concerned; in particular we consider the situation where the executive can purchase the stock at exercise time at discount proportional to the minimum value of the stock price over the exercise period. Valuation formulae are provided both when assessment is done in discrete time as well as in continuous time. Some numerical illustrations are also presented

scholarly journals OPSI SAHAM PADA PASAR MODAL DI INDONESIA (STUDI PASAR OPSI SAAT PASAR OPSI MASIH BERLANGSUNG DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Syanti Dewi ◽  
Ishak Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Option Price ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Strike Price ◽  
Option Trading ◽  
Put Option

Stock option exchange market is not working anymore in the Indonesian Stock Exchange, using the data option exchange market for the running period 2007-2008, we analyzed the effect of stock price, strike price, time to maturity, volatility and risk- free interest rate on the stock option’s price of listed stock call or put option trading at the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2007-2008. The results found that the stock price, strike price, time to maturity, volatility and risk-free interest rate are positive significantly affecting the stock option price either the buying option price or the selling option price in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2007-2008 period. While there were no variables that significantly affected the call option during the periode 2007-2008, furthermore stock prices and strike prices significantly affected the put option prices. Time to maturity, Volatility, and risk free interest rate did not significantly affect the put option prices.That is why the stock option exchange market stop since the investor were not sure to the stock option price versus the risk of the volatility, time to maturity, and riskfree rate.

scholarly journals Financial Ratios and Share Prices of JII70 Indexed Companies for the 2018-2020 Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzan ◽  
Rindang Matoati
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression

  Abstract: The sharia capital market in Indonesia has grown over the last five years. One of the members of the sharia capital market instrument is sharia shares. During the 2015-2020 period, the number of Islamic stock issuers continued to grow. The stock index is used by investors as a tool to choose stocks that suit their needs. IDX has issued three sharia stock indexes, and the most recent one is the JII70 index. A stock index is a collection of statistics about the price movement of a group of stocks that is evaluated periodically. One of the many factors that influence stock prices is the company's financial ratios. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial ratio factors such as Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Assets Turnover (TATO), Return on Equity (ROE) and Earning per Share (EPS) on the stock price of JII70 indexed companies. The data used is secondary data in the form of JII70 indexed company financial statements in the 2018-2020 period. The method of determining the sample using purposive sampling. This research uses panel data regression analysis method. The results of this study show a significant effect of the DER and EPS variables on stock prices, while the CR, TATO and ROE variables do not significantly affect stock prices.Keywords: Share Price, JII70, Financial Ratio, Panel Data Regression, Sharia Shares

scholarly journals The Impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Indonesia Property Stock Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Kevin Ronaldo Gotama ◽  
Njo Anastasia
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

A promising investment in the property sector is due to appreciation in property value. As an economic instrument, the stock market, inseparable from different environmental factors, was triggered by incident in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 and then spread across China. This study is a comparative study on the stock index of the property sector on the stock exchange of countries affected by the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) case, with a purposive sampling technique according to certain criteria for sample selection. The event analysis was performed by analyzing market reaction; with COVID-19 incident effect as one of the event tests, the stock price index. The findings of the study indicate that there is an index response to the incident of COVID-19. The reflected reaction shows in the abnormal return and trade volume activity before and after the incident. Thus, this study is expected to be taken into consideration for stock investors regarding the impact of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on stock prices, by providing an overview of changes in stock prices during the monitoring period, so that they can make investment decisions in the period before and after incident.

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