scholarly journals Internal Labor Migration as a Shock Coping Strategy: Evidence from a Typhoon

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gröger ◽  
Yanos Zylberberg
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
New Members ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Household Panel Data

We analyze how internal labor migration facilitates shock coping in rural economies. Employing high-precision satellite data, we identify objective variations in the inundations generated by a catastrophic typhoon in Vietnam and match them with household panel data before and after the shock. We find that, following a massive drop in income, households cope mainly through labor migration to urban areas. Households with settled migrants ex ante receive more remittances. Nonmigrant households react by sending new members away who then remit similar amounts than established migrants. This mechanism is most effective with long-distance migration, while local networks fail to provide insurance. (JEL J61, O15, P25, P36, Q54, R23)

scholarly journals Rainfall Forecasts, Weather, and Wages over the Agricultural Production Cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Rosenzweig ◽  
Christopher Udry
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
District Level ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Agricultural Wages ◽  
Household Panel Data

We look at the effects of rainfall forecasts and realized rainfall on equilibrium agricultural wages over the course of the agricultural production cycle. We show theoretically that a forecast of good weather can lower wages in the planting stage, by lowering ex ante out-migration, and can exacerbate the negative impact of adverse weather on harvest-stage wages. Using Indian household panel data describing early-season migration and district-level planting- and harvest-stage wages over the period 2005-2010, we find results consistent with the model, indicating that rainfall forecasts improve labor allocations on average but exacerbate wage volatility because they are imperfect.

scholarly journals Income Diversification and Income Inequality: Household Responses to the 2013 Floods in Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Shaikh M. S. U. Eskander ◽  
Sam Fankhauser
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Household Panel Data ◽  
Household Responses

In this paper we investigate the economic response of rural households to the 2013 floods in Pakistan. The case study illustrates the important roles of labor supply adjustments and income diversification in coping with climate-related risks. Using detailed household panel data that were collected before and after the 2013 floods, we find that the exposure to flood results in lower participation in farm activities. The overall effects are decreased diversification in the sources of income and ambiguous reduction in inequality which is associated with overall declines in incomes. These changes could be locked in if affected households do not have sufficient assets to resume farming. The results suggest intervention points for public policy, related to labor mobility and access to capital.

scholarly journals Variations in Levels and Sources of Atmospheric VOCs during the Continuous Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in the Urban Area of Beijing: A Case Study in Spring of 2019

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Lihui Zhang ◽  
Xuezhong Wang ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Nianliang Cheng ◽  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Source Contributions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Haze Days

To better evaluate the variations in concentration characteristics and source contributions of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during continuous haze days and non-haze days, hourly observations of atmospheric VOCs were conducted using a continuous on-line GC-FID (Airmo VOC GC-866) monitoring system during 1–15 March 2019, in urban areas of Beijing, China. The results showed that the total VOC concentrations during haze days and non-haze days were 59.13 ± 31.08 μg/m3 and 16.91 ± 7.19 μg/m3, respectively. However, the average O3 concentrations during the two haze days were lower than those of non-haze days due to the extremely low concentrations at night instead of the reported lower photochemical reaction in daytime. The ratio of OH radical concentration during haze and non-haze days indicating that the rate of photochemical reaction during haze days was higher than those of non-haze days from 13:00–19:00. The stable air conditions and the local diesel emission at night were the main reasons for the decreased O3 concentrations during haze days. Six major sources were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF), namely, diesel exhaust, combustion, gasoline evaporation, solvent usage, gasoline exhaust, and the petrochemical industry, contributing 9.93%, 25.29%, 3.90%, 16.88%, 35.59% and 8.41%, respectively, during the whole observation period. The contributions of diesel exhaust and the petrochemical industry emissions decreased from 26.14% and 6.43% during non-haze days to 13.70% and 2.57%, respectively, during haze days. These reductions were mainly ascribed to the emergency measures that the government implemented during haze days. In contrast, the contributions of gasoline exhaust increased from 34.92% during non-haze days to 48.77% during haze days. The ratio of specific VOC species and PMF both showed that the contributions of gasoline exhaust emission increased during haze days. The backward trajectories, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) showed that the air mass of VOCs during haze days was mainly affected by the short-distance transportation from the southwestern of Hebei province. However, the air mass of VOCs during non-haze days was mainly affected by the long-distance transportation from the northwest.

scholarly journals Ageism Kills Brands

2021 ◽  
pp. 183933492110173
Author(s):  
Zachary William Anesbury ◽  
Steven Bellman ◽  
Carl Driesener ◽  
Bill Page ◽  
Byron Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Household Panel Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Availability

Market share growth requires building mental and physical availability among all category buyers. However, if younger category buyers are more likely to purchase new-to-market products, then perhaps younger buyers are, relatively speaking, more important for growth. This research investigates the relationship between category buyer age, brand buyer age, and brand failure. When sub-brand buyer age is younger than category buyer age, the sub-brand is likely to be (a) new-to-market or (b) growing in market share. Older-than-category sub-brand-buyer age is likely for sub-brands that are (a) declining or (b) dead. Results from 17 years (1998–2014) of U.K. household panel data, including 5,913 sub-brands from 101 categories, show that age skews were uncommon (only 18% of sub-brands), and second, that growing, stable and declining sub-brands appealed equally to all ages. Finally, we identified that new launches and dead brands tend to skew to younger consumers, suggesting that new launches need to appeal to all ages to avoid failure.

Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of patients operated on at the Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carlos Mena Canata ◽  
Rebeca Noemí Ruiz Vallejos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of postoperative patients.The study is observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The files of all postoperative adenotonsillectomy patients in Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo Paraguay. The Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire (OSA 18) was applied, asking patients about symptoms before and after surgery. An effective sample of 143 postoperative patients was obtained. The average age was 6.05 ± 2.08 years, 55.10% (81) were male and 44.89% (66) were female, 65.30% (96) were from urban areas and 34.69% (51) from the rural areas. The t test was performed for means of two paired samples, comparing the results of the Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire surveys before and after surgery which presented a significant difference (p <0.05) with a tendency to improve the quality of life after surgery. It has been shown that there is a significant difference, a considerable improvement in the quality of life of patients after adenotonsillectomy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Reinforcement on the Stress and Strain Field Around Underground Square-Shaped Areas and its Internal Lining Efforts in Urban Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Darvishpour ◽  
Asadollah Ranjbar ◽  
Amirmohammad Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Structure ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Before And After

The passage of underground structures from the bottom of the structures on the ground causes a change in the stresses and strains created in the structure as well as the soil environment surrounding the tunnel due to the existence of an interaction between these two sides. In this way, the existence of the surface structure leads to a change in the strain and stress conditions around the tunnel, and in contrast, the tunnel also leads to a change in the stress and settlement around the structures. Therefore, such a reciprocal behavior is very important. In this research, with the help of Abaqus finite element software, two main possible conditions are considered: the creation of an underground structure in the presence of the superstructure, as well as the reverse state of the concept of constructing a building in the state in which the underground structure already exists. One of the subjects studied in this research is the physical modelling effect of the structure, rather than the effect of its wide load on the ground. Other parameters considered in this research are the number of story, the depth of the tunnel, the width of the tunnel, the thickness of the lining, the effect of changes in the soil parameters in the depth and the horizontal distance of the tunnel center from the building center. The results of this research are validated based on the results obtained by other researchers. According to the results obtained in this research, by the increase of the distance between the tunnel center and structure center and depending on the stiffness of the tunnel lining, significant asymmetric stresses are created in the superstructure. The construction of the structure before and after the tunnel construction can affect the unsymmetrical settlement of the structure The stress and strain created in the lining of the tunnel and the surrounding area are also different due to the amount of mobilized force in the reinforcements.

scholarly journals The Unemployment of Today and Tomorrow in Romania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Mictat Garlan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
State Enterprises

For any political regime the employment and unemployment of active population represents the most pressing social and economic obligation. in Romania, any comparative study before and after 1990, on 2 x 2 decades of different economic policies, can observe the damaging effects which they had forced privatization of state enterprises on the labor market, with over 1,000,000 declared unemployed in 1999, compared to zero unemployed in 1989. After this disaster, and after a short economic rehabilitation, it followed another crisis, with a further increase in unemployment of ANOFM, from 445,000 persons in 2009 to 626,960 persons in 2010 to 740,000 in 2011 of 674,000 in November 2012 , 512 333 persons in December 2013 to 724,000 persons in March 2014. These data indicate that in Romania the crisis is not over yet. in parallel to these developments there have been published the analyzes of the National Commission for Prognosis, but with some significant deviations in two directions. On the one hand, the calculations are made on the formula BIM records, and on the other hand, they are in the direction of a lower estimates. So, in the estimates of performed forecasts for the years 2014 -2017, with trend analysis and analysis of previous years, the total number of unemployed in 2011 was to be of 730 200 persons. in 2012 the total number of unemployed was to be of 701,200 persons, in 2013 of 726,000 persons, of 705,000 persons in 2014, of 690,000 in 2015 and of 685,000 in 2016. Without contesting the effort to accuracy of this Commission and the fact that any forecast includes a dose of risk too, there are obviously immeasurable variables that were not taken into account. We refer to the quality of business environment, revenues polarization, with decreasing trends in wages, to labor migration especially medium and high qualified. We refer to the existing difficulties in the allocation of development credits, to the corruption of officials from the local councils the excess of electoral concerns of governments, with the necessity of different approaches for each of them. With this supplement of fren factors we can say that on prospective 2 years, the registered unemployment from National Institute of Statistics, will not fall below 740.000 persons. To these things, it must be added the volume of more than twice unregistered persons, which means a total of approx. two million persons, this being the actual estimation of the non-employed population, to which has reached in Romania today.

scholarly journals Dealing with Incomplete Household Panel Data in Inequality Research

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim R. Frick ◽  
Markus Grabka ◽  
Olaf Groh-Samberg
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Household Panel Data
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