scholarly journals Inequality, Income Growth, and Mobility: The Basic Facts

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Stable Level ◽  
Total Family Income ◽  
Market Income ◽  
Basic Facts

This essay brings together the factual material on changes in the distribution of labor market income that any of the theories addressed in the other papers in this symposium must address. The broad stylized facts are that the rapid growth and stable level of inequality of both total family income and individual labor market that marked the postwar period came to an end during the 1970s. Real mean earnings grew very little but inequality of earnings rose substantially. This reflected increases both in inequality between education and experience groups and within groups. Mobility showed little change over this period.

Association of Age, Birth order and Family Income with Psycho-social problems in Rural Adolescents

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Noorul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The present age is the age of stress. Everybody is disturbed due to one or the other reason irrespective of their age. However, adolescents are more prone to psychological and sociological disturbances.Objectives:To assess the psychosocial problems in adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted in selected schools of urban and rural areas taking 100 participants each for boys and girls using convenient sampling method. The tool used was youth self report. The data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study revealed that 48.5% adolescents were well adjusted; 47% were having mild psychosocial problems; 4% had moderate psychosocial problems and 0.5% had severe psychosocial problems.Conclusion: Adolescents irrespective of their living places had varying degrees of psychosocial problems. JMS 2017; 20 (2):90-95

Boom-or-Bust Commodities and Industrialization in Pre–World War II Malaya

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Huff
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Pre World War Ii

This article links the terms of trade, money supply, labor market, and money and credit markets to explore a puzzle in Malayan economic history: why, despite rapid growth and high per capita income, did pre–World War II Malaya industrialize so little? A range of data is drawn together to show how for Malayan manufacturers economic boom was accompanied by precipitate deterioration in the real exchange rate, while in a slump credit contracted sharply and with it the size of the Malayan market for manufactures. Analysis of Malayan experience may be relevant for understanding slight industrialization elsewhere in Southeast Asia.

Juárez, Maximilian, and the French Occupation of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hogan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Mexican History ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Benito Juarez

A tumultuous period in Mexican history began with the Reform Movement of President Benito Juárez, followed by the French invasion and installation of Maximillian as emperor, the defeat of his troops by the liberal army, and the restoration of the Mexican Republic in 1877. Although most of the basic facts of these events are not in dispute, the narrowness of the lens used to examine them is. Some data have been systematically ignored by national historians, and there are also contradictory interpretations of the published historical data. One common reflection on this period is the depiction of Maximilian as liberal whom some argue contributed in a positive way to Mexico. However, some Mexican scholars dispute this. The other widely held belief is that Benito Juárez can be credited with the restoration of the republic and the betterment of the working poor and indigenous. Although criticism of Juárez is uncommon in official circles, where he is idolized, some Mexican scholars are more skeptical of these claims. The missing or generally ignored data concern the contribution of the United States to the defeat of the French and Austrian armies, which is not mentioned in any survey texts and is minimized in most articles. The fuller inclusion of these data coupled with a closer look at the contributions and failures of both the Maximilian and Juárez regimes provides a clearer picture of the epoch and generates new insights.

scholarly journals Awareness of fishermen for managing fish sanctuary in some selected areas of Jamalpur District in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
L Akter ◽  
MJ Hoque ◽  
MA Kashem ◽  
TD Nath
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge

The purposes of the study were to determine the extent of awareness of the fishermen in managing fish sanctuary and to find out the relationships between the extent of awareness of the fishermen and their selected characteristics. Data were collected from 90 purposively selected fishermen (out of 105) from Ghosherpara Union of Melandah Upazila Under Jamalpur District. A pre-tested and structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the fishermen during the period of 19 March to 30 March, 2013. The findings indicated that majority of the respondents (74.5 percent) had medium awareness and 25.5 percent having high awareness. Out of ten selected characteristics, the fishermen’s age, level of education, fish culture experience, communication exposure and agricultural knowledge on fish sanctuary showed significant positive relationships with their extent of awareness in managing fish sanctuary. On the other hand, household size, farm size, annual family income, training exposure and credit received had no significant relationships with their extent of awareness in managing fish sanctuary. So, to increase awareness of the fishermen in managing sanctuary, proper guidance and strengthening fisheries extension service should be done by fisheries extension workers/ upazila fisheries officer through arranging different activities including training, field visit or using different communication media etc.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 339-345, 2016

scholarly journals PERANAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN KELUARGA DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SUMBERDAYA PERTANIAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudhy Harini Bertham ◽  
Dwi Wahyuni Ganefianti ◽  
Apri Andani
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Know How ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Total Family Income ◽  
The Family ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

This study aims to find out the reasons women decide to work as a farmer, knowing the understanding of women in the utilization of agricultural resources, and know how big the role of women in the intensification of the family economy. The method to determine the respondent used in this research is census method with numbering 100 persons. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis and qualitative analysis of revenue contribution. The results showed that the reasons women choose to work as farmers because of their desire to help their husbands in contributing family income which is driven by the load factors of family burden.  Looking for experiences and shared responsibility are other reasons for women to work in agricultural activities. Their knowledge and understanding of agriculture, women are only know how to grow crops and produce. Stages how sustainable farming, care for the environment with organic farming systems is not yet implemented. This is caused by the lack of knowledge of owmen. Income contribution of women to family incomes is high, with a range of contribution 40% - 59% of total family income. This condition can be a reason for  women to participate in decision-making within the household. So the presence of women within the family becomes more important and appreciated.Key words: Women role, farmer, revenue contibution

scholarly journals How Robust are Estimates of Intergenerational Income Mobility?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Engzell ◽  
Carina Mood
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Income Mobility ◽  
Model Choice ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Intergenerational Income Mobility ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women's Earnings ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Swedish Data

Rising inequalities in rich countries have led to concerns that the economic ladder is getting harder to climb. It is well established that intergenerational income mobility is lower in countries with high inequality, but research on trends in mobility finds conflicting results. Motivated by this uncertainty, we ask: how important are choices of specification for levels and trends in intergenerational income associations? We use Swedish data on cohorts born 1958–1977 and their parents. Varying how, when and for whom income is measured, we estimate 1,658,880 different associations (82,944 specifications across 20 cohorts). Our results reveal that model choice is an underrecognized source of variation in intergenerational mobility research. The most consistent contributor to trends is the advancement of women in the labor market, which leads to increased persistence in women’s earnings and the family income of both men and women. Depending on specification, it is possible to conclude that income mobility is increasing, decreasing, or remaining flat. Despite variability, our results are broadly consistent with the received view that the level of mobility in Sweden is high in a comparative perspective.

The Financial Cost Incurred by Families of Children on Long-Term Dialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulafeez Bello ◽  
Beauty Sangweni ◽  
Abdullah Mudi ◽  
Tholang Khumalo ◽  
Glenda Moonsamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Family Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Grant

Background Costs of dialysis reported in countries where dialysis is government-funded are often those incurred by the state, and only a few take into account the financial burden to the family of the index patient. This study investigated the financial cost implication to families of pediatric patients on maintenance dialysis and how aid provided by the government alleviates their financial burden. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 24 children on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD), and a structured questionnaire was administered to the parents/caregivers of these patients to obtain information on their family size, total family income, cost of transportation, employment status of attending caregiver, and number of work days missed due to hospital visits. Results Complete data were available for 19 patients (7 on PD and 12 on HD). The mean age was 14 ± 6 years, and there were 11 males and 8 females. The average monthly income of the families recruited was 2,946 ZAR (261 USD). This amount included the contribution of a monthly state-provided social grant of 1,300 ZAR (115 USD) in 16/19 subjects. The average monthly expenditure of the HD and PD groups made up 27.1% and 4.9% of their average income. Conclusion Transport cost for our patients on dialysis significantly impacts on the overall family income, especially for patients on HD, and, without government aid, the families of our patients would have far less money available for their daily needs.

scholarly journals Competências genéricas auto referidas por universitários brasileiros

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Priscila Larangeira Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Ribeiro de Araújo ◽  
Rodolfo Eduardo Scachetti ◽  
María Jesús Freire Seoane ◽  
Nancy Ramacciotti de Oliveira-Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Private University ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethical Commitment ◽  
Planning Ability ◽  
Generic Competences

Although there is no standardization of the notion of competence and for the instruments used in its evaluation, generic competences are associated with employability, and understood as a composition of cognitive and practical abilities, behavioral and social skills, gathering individual characteristics and qualities required for activities of different professions. Education promotes the development of specific competences for the exercise of certain occupations, in addition to opportunities for increasing generic competences, which are also required in the labor market. This study targets to evaluate self-perception of the valuation of generic competences acquired in undergraduate students from nocturnal courses of Brazilian private university, according to area of knowledge and condition of being or not inserted in the labor market. 1,001 of these students were evaluated in the third year of their graduation, using the Generic Competences Scale. The highest value in the global sample was attributed to Responsibility at work, followed by Ethical commitment and, thirdly, by Capacity to learn. At the other end, of lesser value, were Capacity for organization and planning, Ability to manage information and Problem solving. These results were compared with data from other studies, in Latin America and Europe.

New uses of Melatonin as a Drug, a Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Regulation Of Cell Cycle ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

Abstract: Melatonin is a simple compound with a proper chemical name N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine and known as a hormone controlling circadian rhythm. Humans produce melatonin at night which is the reason for sleeping in the night and awakening over the day. Melatonin interacts with melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 but it was also revealed that melatonin is a strong antioxidant and it also has a role in regulation of cell cycle. Currently, melatonin is used as a drug for some types of sleep disorder but the recent research points to the fact that melatonin can also serve for the other purposes including prophylaxis or therapy of lifestyle diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and exposure to chemicals. This review summarizes basic facts and direction of the current research on melatonin. The actual literature was scrutinized for the purpose of this review.

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