Rationing as a Determinant of Immigrant Composition and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Edward P. Lazear
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Excess Supply

Willingness to migrate is a necessary but not sufficient condition for migration from an origin to destination country. For the United States and other countries with an excess supply of immigrants, the slot-rationing rule is a key determinant of immigrant composition not captured by supply-based models. A stylized rationing-based model better explains the attainment of immigrants in both the United States and Sweden with the model's two variables explaining over 50 percent of the variation in origin country education attainment and earnings.

Can increases in Twitter posts predict increases in cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the United States? Evidence that social media can inform epidemic surveillance. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyan Sun ◽  
Henna Budhwani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Per Capita

BACKGROUND Though public health systems are responding rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes from publicly available, crowd-sourced big data may assist in helping to identify hot spots, prioritize equipment allocation and staffing, while also informing health policy related to “shelter in place” and social distancing recommendations. OBJECTIVE To assess if the rising state-level prevalence of COVID-19 related posts on Twitter (tweets) is predictive of state-level cumulative COVID-19 incidence after controlling for socio-economic characteristics. METHODS We identified extracted COVID-19 related tweets from January 21st to March 7th (2020) across all 50 states (N = 7,427,057). Tweets were combined with state-level characteristics and confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine the association between public commentary and cumulative incidence. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases varied significantly across states. Ratio of tweet increase (p=0.03), number of physicians per 1,000 population (p=0.01), education attainment (p=0.006), income per capita (p = 0.002), and percentage of adult population (p=0.003) were positively associated with cumulative incidence. Ratio of tweet increase was significantly associated with the logarithmic of cumulative incidence (p=0.06) with a coefficient of 0.26. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the prevalence of state-level tweets was predictive of an increase in COVID-19 diagnoses, providing evidence that Twitter can be a valuable surveillance tool for public health.

scholarly journals Race, Education Attainment, and Happiness in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Race And Education ◽  
The Us ◽  
Main Independent Variable ◽  
Independent Variable

Background and aims: As suggests by the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDR) theory, education attainment and other socioeconomic status (SES) indicators have a smaller impact on the health and well-being of non-White than White Americans. To test whether MDR also applies to happiness, in the present study, Blacks and Whites were compared in terms of the effect of education attainment on the level of happiness among American adults. Methods: General Social Survey (1972-2016) is a series of national surveys that are performed in the United States. The current analysis included 54785 adults (46724 Whites and 8061 Blacks). The years of schooling (i.e., education attainment) and happiness were the main independent variable and the main dependent variable of interest, respectively. In addition, other parameters such as gender, age, employment status, marital status, and the year of the survey were the covariates and race was the focal effect modifier. Finally, the logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. Results: Based on the results, high education attainment was associated with higher odds of happiness in the pooled sample. Further, a significant interaction was found between race and education attainment on the odds of happiness, showing a larger gain for Whites compared to Blacks. Racespecific models also confirmed this finding (i.e., a larger magnitude of the effect of education for Whites compared to Blacks). Conclusion: Overall, the MDR theory also applies to the effect of education attainment on happiness. Blacks’ disadvantage in comparison to the Whites in gaining happiness from their education may be due to the structural, institutional, and interpersonal racism and discrimination in the US. Therefore, there is a need for economic and public policies that can minimize the Blacks’ diminished returns of education attainment and other SES resources.

scholarly journals REMITTANCES, MIGRATION, AND POVERTY. A STUDY FOR MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (318) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Roy Nuñez ◽  
María Isabel Osorio-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
The Poor ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Poor Population

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>In the last two decades, remittances have acquired great importance as a source of external income for various developing economies. In the particular case of Latin America, the United States represents the most important destination, with 62.1 million Latinos living there according to U.S. Census Bureau. This paper analyses the effect that migration and remittances have on poverty in Mexico and Central America. The results show that a 10% increase in migration to the United States (as a percentage of the population in the destination country) translates into an 8.6% reduction in the population living on less than US$ 1.90 a day, while the poverty gap is reduced by 12.8%. With regard to remittances, a reduction of 6.7% is observed in the poor population and 10% in relation to the poverty gap.</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">REMESAS, MIGRACIÓN Y POBREZA. UN ESTUDIO PARA MÉXICO Y CENTROAMÉRICA</p><p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>Recientemente, las remesas han adquirido gran importancia como fuente de ingresos externos de diversas economías en desarrollo. En el caso particular de América Latina, Estados Unidos representa el destino más importante, con 62.1 millones de latinos viviendo en ese país según el U.S. Census Bureau. El presente trabajo analiza el efecto que tienen la migración y el envío de remesas en la pobreza de México y Centroamérica. Los resultados muestran que un incremento del 10% en la migración hacia Estados Unidos (como porcentaje de la población en el país de destino) se traduce en una reducción de 8.6% de la población que vive con menos de US$ 1.90 al día; mientras que la brecha de pobreza se reduce en 12.8%. Con relación al envío de remesas, se observa una reducción de 6.7% en la población pobre y de 10% respecto a la brecha de pobreza.</p>

scholarly journals Optimal Positive Capital Taxes at Interior Steady States

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-150
Author(s):  
Jess Benhabib ◽  
Bálint Szoőke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Neoclassical Model ◽  
Equilibrium Trajectory ◽  
Endogenous Labor

We generalize recent results of Bassetto and Benhabib (2006) and Straub and Werning (2019) in a neoclassical model with endogenous labor-leisure choice where all agents are allowed to save and accumulate capital. We provide a sufficient condition under which optimal redistributive capital taxes remain at their allowed upper bound forever, even if the resulting equilibrium trajectory converges to a unique steady state with positive and finite consumption, capital, and labor. We then provide an interpretation of our sufficient condition. Using recent evidence on wealth distribution in the United States, we argue that our sufficient condition is empirically plausible. (JEL D31, E21, H21, H23, H25, J22)

scholarly journals The Determinants of Indonesian Textile’s and Clothing Export to the Five Countries of Export Destination

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizal Irvansyah ◽  
Hermanto Siregar ◽  
Tanti Novianti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Export Destination

Indonesian textile and clothing products (TPT) is the second-largest export product after oil palm product. There are five biggest export destination countries, that is the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Turkey. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect TPT exports to the five biggest export destination countries. The factors that affect TPT exports examined by using time series and panel data analysis. Using panel data analysis finds that GDP per capita of the destination country, the exchange rate of the Rupiah, the price of textiles in the destination country, and import tariffs stipulate in the destination country affect TPT exports. Then, using time series analysis finds that GDP per capita and import tariffs affected TPT export to the United States, China, and Turkey. Meanwhile, the factors influencing Indonesian textile exports to Japan and South Korea are textile prices, rupiah exchange rates, and import tariffs.JEL Classification: F14, F43How to Cite:Irvansyah, F., Siregar, H., & Novianti, T. (2020). The Determinants of Indonesian Textile’s and Clothing Export to the Five Countries of Export Destination. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(1), 19 – 30. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.14845.

scholarly journals Progress of African Americans in higher education attainment: The widening gender gap and its current and future implications.

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadu J. Kaba
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Black Males ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Political Contributions ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Higher Education Attainment

This research argues that despite all of the obstacles that African Americans have confronted in the history of the United States, they have made substantial progress in higher education attainment from the 1970s to the beginning of the 21st century. It reveals that the rise in attainment of college and university degrees has resulted in a substantial increase in living standards and that African Americans are making important economic, social and political contributions to the United States. I present several reasons why black males are not performing as well as black females in higher education attainment. Analyses are also presented regarding the current and future implications of the growing gap between black males and black females.

Exploring Student Achievement Gaps in School Districts Across the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Hung ◽  
William A. Smith ◽  
Maren W. Voss ◽  
Jeremy D. Franklin ◽  
Yushan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Achievement Gaps ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
High Resource

This study examined factors contributing to achievement gaps between White and African American students in 2,868 diverse school districts across the United States. Using pooled data across five school years (2008-2013), six grade levels (grades third to eighth, which typically include students aged 8 years-14 years) and two different subjects (math and English language), descriptive, correlational, and multiple linear regressions were used to identify relevant factors in predicting an achievement gap. Achievement gaps were largest in the south and southwest United States. In addition, results indicate that economic inequality, racial inequality, and household adult education attainment are strongly associated with Black/White student achievement gaps. School-based factors such as per pupil expenditures and teacher/student ratios were not significant predictors. Household adult education attainment was the most significant contributor to achievement gaps, with higher levels of adult education associated with larger achievement gaps, implying that high resource communities may create additional barriers for minority students.

Rival Visions of Equality in American Political Culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
American Political Culture ◽  
Process Oriented

This article distinguishes between a competitive individualist process-oriented vision of equality and an egalitarian results-oriented vision of equality, and examines the changing relationship between these visions of equality in the American past. What is “exceptional” about the United States is not, as is often claimed, that it lacked a tradition of equal results but that those who favored equalizing results believed that equal process was a sufficient condition for realizing equal results. This study contends that these rival visions of equality, once believed to be mutually supportive, have become increasingly divorced in 20th century America.

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