scholarly journals Disclosure and Subsequent Innovation: Evidence from the Patent Depository Library Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-270
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Furman ◽  
Markus Nagler ◽  
Martin Watzinger
Keyword(s):  
Technical Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Library System ◽  
Library Program ◽  
Cumulative Innovation ◽  
Patent Documents

How important is access to patent documents for subsequent innovation? We examine the expansion of the USPTO Patent Library system after 1975. Patent libraries provided access to patents before the Internet. We find that after patent library opening, local patenting increases by 8–20 percent relative to similar regions. Additional analyses suggest that disclosure of technical information drives this effect: inventors increasingly take up ideas from outside their region, and the effect is strongest in technologies where patents are more informative. We thus provide evidence that disclosure plays an important role in cumulative innovation. (JEL D83, K11, O31, O34, R11)

scholarly journals The Holy Grail of energy? A content and thematic analysis of the presentation of nuclear fusion on the Internet

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. A01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Oltra ◽  
Ana Delicado ◽  
Ana Prades ◽  
Sergio Pereira ◽  
Luisa Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Nuclear Fission ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Documents ◽  
The Web

The Internet is increasingly considered as a legitimate source of information on scientific and technological topics. Lay individuals are increasingly using Internet sources to find information about new technological developments, but scientific communities might have a limited understanding of the nature of this content. In this paper we examine the nature of the content of information about fusion energy on the Internet. By means of a content and thematic analysis of a sample of English-, Spanish- and Portuguese-language web documents, we analyze the structural characteristics of the webs, characterize the presentation of nuclear fusion, and study the associations to nuclear fission and the main benefits and risks associated to fusion technologies in the Web. Our findings indicate that the information about fusion on the Internet is produced by a variety of actors (including private users via blogs), that almost half of the sample provided relevant technical information about nuclear fusion, that the majority of the web documents provided a positive portrayal of fusion energy (as a clean, safe and powerful energy technology), and that nuclear fusion was generally presented as a potential solution to world energy problems, as a key scientific challenge and as a superior alternative to nuclear fission. We discuss the results in terms of the role of Internet in science communication.

Art librarianship in Denmark

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Lollesgaard
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library System ◽  
Library Staff ◽  
Art Departments

Art libraries in Denmark mostly fall into one of two categories: art departments’ in public libraries, and research libraries attached to colleges, universities, and museums. Librarians in research libraries are in many cases scholars in their own right, while library staff at the Kunstakademiets Bibliotek are responsible for the Bibliografi over dansk kunst (sadly not published since 1981) and for Danish contributions to the BHA. The Royal Library and some art libraries hold collections of visual resources and of archival materials; in addition, there is an autonomous national archive of Danish artists, Weilbachs arkiv. An art librarians’ section of Bibliotekarforbundet (the Union of Danish Librarians), Kunstfaggruppen, was initiated by art librarians in public libraries, but is open to other art librarians too; Danish art librarians also work together within ARLIS/Norden. Professional training in Denmark is largely confined to general librarianship; art librarians in public libraries tend to be trained librarians with a personal enthusiasm for art, whereas librarians in research libraries are in some cases graduates but are not necessarily trained librarians. While the public library system took advantage of standardization, automation, and networking, the research libraries could not so readily embrace change, but two recent initiatives are beginning to bring libraries of all kinds together — DanBib, the Danish online union catalogue, formed in 1995 by merging the two separate databases for public and research libraries which both originated in the 1980s, and Kulturnet Danmark, a government-sponsored scheme involving the Internet.

The Growing Support Crisis in Federal STI

2011 ◽  
pp. 238-262
Author(s):  
R. David Lankes
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Virtual Reference ◽  
Reference Services ◽  
Digital Reference ◽  
Digital Reference Services ◽  
United States Federal Government

Federal agencies in the United States federal government that provide Scientific and Technical Information (STI) face a growing support crisis brought on by the Internet. As these organizations use the Internet to provide increased access to databases and automated resources they are finding more users from the general public are asking more questions. These organizations need to be prepared to support an increasingly diverse user group via the Internet. Projects of the National Library of Education (AskERIC and Virtual Reference Desk) are reviewed and used to raise and discuss issues in supporting STI applications in a government setting. Finally a set of recommendations is presented to help plan digital reference services in this context.

scholarly journals A Patent Analysis on Big Data Projects

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Gustavo Grander ◽  
Luciano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Ernesto D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Studies concerning Big Data patents have been published; however, research investigating Big Data projects is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct an exploratory analysis of a patent database to collect information about the characteristics of registered patents related to Big Data projects. We searched for patents related to Big Data projects in the Espacenet database on January 10, 2021, and identified 109 records.. The textual analysis detected three word classes interpreted as (i) a direction to cloud computing, (ii) optimization of solutions, and (iii) storage and data sharing structures. Our results also revealed emerging technologies such as Blockchain and the Internet of Things, which are utilized in Big Data project solutions. This observation demonstrates the importance that has been given to solutions that facilitate decision-making in an increasingly data-driven context. As a contribution, we understand that this study endorses a group of researchers that has been dedicated to academic research on patent documents.

scholarly journals Systematization of scientific and technical information in electronic databases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (134) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Ihnatieva
Keyword(s):  
Technical Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Document Delivery ◽  
Scientific And Technical Information ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Optical Disks ◽  
And Storage

It is important to maintain a balance between respecting the rights of authors and meeting the needs of society.The author analyzed studies related to the problem of observing the rights of authors when organizing information in electronic resources. It was found that some points related to the use of scientific and technical information in electronic resources of organizations require more detailed consideration regarding com-pliance with the law.The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for systematizing scientific and tech-nical information in electronic databases of organizations.It was found that when systematizing scientific and technical information in electronic databases of organizations, four main areas of activity using electronic resources can be distinguished, in which issues of copyright compliance are the most controversial:- collection, use and storage of electronic documents;- use of information received from the Internet and other computer networks;- digitization of documents by the organization itself to create backups or for use of documents by electronic document delivery services;- copying of documents from databases, optical disks and other electronic media.Unfortunately, by simply scanning the necessary publications and placing electronic copies of documents on their network to provide readers with access to them, organizations, in particular libraries, violate the law three times: 1) placing a work on its network without the consent of the copyright holders, because the reproduction of any copyrighted material without the consent of the copyright holders is a violation of copyright; 2) providing readers with access to them; 3) transferring documents in electronic form via networks without mak-ing payments to authors.A detailed analysis of the use of scientific and technical information by organizations, consideration and study of current legislation made it possible to develop an algorithm for systematizing scientific and technical information in electronic databases. The library is considered as an organization that systematizes scientific and technical information.The first part of the algorithm points to the traditional ways of using scientific and technical information as objects of copyright and ways of using it for systematization in electronic databases. The algorithm shows work in three directions:1. Formation and preservation of objects of copyright, that is, the formation of the li-brary fund.2. Providing information in the traditional way and through systematization in electronic databases.3. When creating electronic resources, libraries widely use the works of authors.When librarians create databases, they should be mindful of copyrights and act in ac-cordance with applicable laws. When creating electronic resources, the Regulation of the Library is developed, which regulates the basic principles of the formation and use of electronic resources.All three directions of using objects of copyright must be accompanied by copyright agreements.The last part of the algorithm indicates what measures will be taken if the libraries do not comply with the provisions of the copyright agreement and current legislation.The developed algorithm for systematizing scientific and technical information in elec-tronic databases allows organizations to place objects of copyright in the developed electronic databases without violating the rights of authors.

scholarly journals Blocking Access to Information and Ideas: The Use of Internet Filtering Software and Levels of Satisfaction in North American Schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Ken Haycock
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
School Library ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Internet Filtering ◽  
Library Program ◽  
American Schools ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Use Of Internet

A primary purpose of the school library program is to enable young people to access and make effective use of information and ideas. This role has been enhanced through access to electronic resources. The Internet, however, is not a pre-selected menu of information sources deemed appropriate for children and young adults. Therefore, some libraries employ software to block or filter unfettered access to information. The purpose of this study was to measure the penetration of this filtering software in North America, to ascertain which types of software are used, and to determine librarians' levels of satisfaction.

scholarly journals The experience of using IRBIS-based Community Dates Calendar in Tomsk Municipal Information Library System

2016 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Alexander Karaush ◽  
Galina Pavlyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Web Technology ◽  
Database Search ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Library System ◽  
Advanced Search

The technology of designing routine for IRBIS64 LAS based on web-technology and enabling users to access Community Dates Calendar is examined. The experience of using this database in Tomsk Information Library System libraries is discussed. The database search options, including standard and advanced search, dictionary search, are discussed, the database promotion on the Internet is discussed, too.

scholarly journals The Federal Dopository Library Program: Anachronism or Necessity

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
David Durant
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Government Printing ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Government Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Library Program ◽  
Informed Citizenry ◽  
The Government

The rise of the Internet has had an enormous impact on library collections and services, and nowhere has this impact been more apparent than to the 1,250 libraries that participate in the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP). The FDLP has provided the public with free access to government information since the nineteenth century, playing a vital role in helping to maintain the informed citizenry that is essential to our democracy. The underlying principle behind the FDLP is relatively simple:  documents are distributed by the Government Printing Office (GPO) to participating libraries, on the condition that the public is allowed free access to those materials. Just 10 years ago, the FDLP distributed 100% of its items in tangible format (print, microfiche, and CD-ROMs).

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