HIV testing in Swedish STD clinics 1986-1994

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Anagrius ◽  
A K Ruden ◽  
E Sandstrom
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Specific Reason

In 1986 Swedish STD clinicians decided on a national policy of offering HIV tests routinely to all their patients. During the period July 1986 through December 1994, 224,722 tests were performed. HIV tests for one or more specific reasons were carried out on 7 of the patients, and 20 requested the test solely because of anxiety. The remaining 73 , accepted the test as part of the clinical routine without giving any specific reason. Of those offered a test, 54 had been tested at least once before. Twenty three per cent did not accept the test. Among those tested, 373 persons 0.2 were found to have a newly detected HIV infection. Contact tracing was the reason for testing in 11 , whilst 32 were tested for other specific reasons, 29 requested testing for no stated specific reason and 28 had been tested as a routine. Of all the tested men who reported sex with men, 7 proved to be HIV positive. The 373 persons with newly detected HIV infection constituted 14 of the total newly detected cases in Sweden during the period in question.

scholarly journals HIV testing uptake and yield among sexual contacts of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Zhejiang Province, China, 2014-2016: a cross-sectional pilot study of a choice-based partner tracing and testing package

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Luo ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
Guomin Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Pan ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Patient Referral ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Measures to effectively expand tracing and testing to identify undiagnosed HIV infections are significant for the control of HIV/AIDS epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM). We piloted a combination tracing and testing package aimed at improving contact tracing and uptake and yield of HIV testing for sexual contacts of newly diagnosed HIV positive MSM. We describe the package components and outcomes. Methods The choice-based tracing and testing package was piloted in Hangzhou and Ningbo cities, June 2014 to June 2016. The package adopted four modes, including couples HIV counselling and testing (CHCT), information-driven assisted partner notification (IDAPN), peer-assisted HIV self-testing (HIVST), and patient referral. If sexual contacts tested positive, they were invited to enroll in the pilot. Contact tracing continued through selected modes until inability to contact, refusal to test, or positive test results exhausted all contacts. Socio-demographic factors, sexual behaviors between HIV-positive MSM and their sexual contacts were collected, as well as tracing and testing outcomes of each mode. Results Among 2,495 newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM, 446(18%) were enrolled as index cases (ICs) through two rounds of contact tracing. The ICs disclosed a total of 4,716 sexual contacts, of whom 548 (12%) were reachable. The pilot resulted in a testing uptake of 87%(478/548) and a yield of 16% (74/478) among sexual contacts. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of a reachable sexual contact enrolled in information-driven mode taking an HIV test were 90% more than that of one enrolled in patient referral (95%CI:0.8, 4.4). Conclusions Choice-based tracing and testing package is feasible in expanding HIV-testing uptake among sexual contacts of HIV-positive MSM and are feasible for case-finding among a high-risk population. IDAPN may be an acceptable option to reach sexual contacts for whom limited contact information is available.

Time trends in the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Chiang Mai, Thailand: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110213
Author(s):  
Amaraporn Rerkasem ◽  
Nuntisa Chotirosniramit ◽  
Pongpun Saokhieo ◽  
Antika Wongthanee ◽  
Kittipan Rerkasem
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptive Anal Sex ◽  
Sex With Men

A cross-sectional study on men who have sex with men (MSM) for the HIV prevention project was conducted to assess the prevalence of HIV infection–related behaviors among 551 MSM recruited in 2008–2009 and 1910 MSM in 2014–2018 for voluntary counseling and testing at a HIV clinic in Chiang Mai. Overall, the study found that the prevalence of HIV infection was significantly decreased from 12.9% (71/551) in the earlier study (2008–2009) to 8.2% (157/1910) in the recent study (2014–2018) ( p = 0.001). By comparison, in 2008–2009 and 2014–2018, there was no statistically significant difference in consistent condom use (39.0% [186/477] vs. 38.9% [591/1512], p = 0.969), while unprotected anal sex with casual partners significantly increased (44.5% [159/357] vs. 51.9% [645/1242], p = 0.014) and receptive anal sex significantly increased (37.7% [180/477] vs. 45.1% [860/1905], p = 0.004). However, previous HIV testing within 1 year increased significantly from 64.6% (197/305) to 74.7% (677/906, p = 0.001). In exploratory multivariate analysis, the factors associated with HIV infection included gay men, age below 20 years, being self-employed, being an employee, having only receptive anal sex, having both receptive/insertive anal sex, being a former substance user, using online dating, having a history of sexually transmitted infection symptoms, self-perception as being at high risk for HIV, last HIV testing >1 year, and never previously testing for HIV. The data represent the trend of health-seeking behavior improvements. The findings demonstrated the need for a novel sexual health service in an endemic setting and health promotion for online partner-seeking.

Constitutional Challenges to the Compulsory HIV Testing of Prisoners and the Mandatory Segregation of HIV-Positive Prisoners

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH C. HAAS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Homosexual Activity ◽  
Mandatory Testing

Intravenous drug use is both a common aspect of the pre-imprisonment lifestyles of many American prisoners and a leading risk factor for contracting HIV—the virus that causes AIDS. Moreover, incarcerated inmates frequently engage in behavior that can spread the disease, particularly homosexual activity and intravenous drug use. Correctional officials face increasing pressure to protect inmates and staff from HIV infection, and some have responded by implementing policies requiring all inmates to undergo HIV testing and by housing HIV-positive inmates in separate units. Screening and segregation policies, however, have been challenged on constitutional grounds by HIV-positive prisoners. This article examines the leading constitutional developments in this emerging area of law and finds that most courts so far have been inclined to reject constitutional challenges to mandatory testing and segregation policies. There are enough unsettled issues, however, to warrant expanded appellate review and eventual U.S. Supreme Court resolution of the key constitutional questions.

Emergencies in HIV-positive patients

2010 ◽  
pp. 479-505
Author(s):  
Punit S. Ramrakha ◽  
Kevin P. Moore ◽  
Amir Sam
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Indicator ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Emergency presentations of HIV infection 480 Factors influencing presentation in HIV disease 482 HIV testing 484 Clinical indicator diseases for adult HIV infection 486 Primary HIV infection (PHI) 487 Acute neurological conditions in HIV-positive patients: assessment 488 Acute neurological conditions in HIV-positive patients: investigations 490...

HIV Testing Patterns and Unrecognized HIV Infection Among Young Asian and Pacific Islander Men Who Have Sex With Men in San Francisco

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri D. Do ◽  
Sanny Chen ◽  
Willi McFarland ◽  
Gina M. Secura ◽  
Stephanie K. Behel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islander ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Testing Patterns

scholarly journals 1630. Voluntary HIV Testing and Self-Realization of Risk of HIV Infection Among Young Men-Who-Have-Sex-with-Men in the Miami-Dade Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S595-S595
Author(s):  
Hampton Ocon ◽  
Samir Sabbag
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

Abstract Background According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Miami-Dade County has the highest rate of new HIV diagnoses in the Nation. So far, a large focus of public health initiatives has been spreading awareness of HIV testing locations, but this form of voluntary testing relies on individuals realizing that they are at risk of HIV infection in the first place. Consequently, a major obstacle to encouraging young men-who-have-sex-with-men (YMSM) to test themselves for HIV is their own self-perceived risk of having an undetected infection. Methods In an effort to better understand the discordance between high-risk sexual behavior and HIV testing among this high-risk population, YMSM (18–24) were surveyed through smartphone applications that facilitate sexual encounters in the Miami-Dade area (eg Grindr, Scruff). Users were asked about their history of condomless anal intercourse (CAI), their HIV testing habits, and whether or not they believe it possible that they are currently infected with HIV. An analysis of the relationship between CAI and self-perception of possible HIV infection was performed using Cochran-Mantel–Haenszel testing. Results Of the 843 eligible responses, 667 reported a history of voluntary HIV testing while 176 had never voluntarily tested. 726 respondents reported a history of CAI and 131 of these have never voluntarily tested. Of the 843 total participants, 1.6% were in the highest HIV risk group, which is those who have engaged in CAI with an exchange/casual partner, have never voluntarily tested for HIV, and have no self-perceived risk of being currently infected. According to data analysis, YMSM who have engaged in CAI but have never been tested for HIV were not more likely to have a self-perceived possibility of infection when compared with those who have voluntarily tested (P < 0.595). Conclusion This suggests that many high-risk YMSM are not voluntarily testing themselves for HIV not because they do not have access to testing, but rather because they do not perceive themselves as being possibly infected in the first place. Therefore, in addition to increasing access to HIV testing, new public health initiatives must be designed to facilitate YMSM understanding their own personal HIV risk. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Trends in HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among men who have sex with men from 2013 to 2017 in Nanjing, China: a consecutive cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e021955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengping Zhu ◽  
Hongjing Yan ◽  
Sushu Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Wenjiong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Testing Rate ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectiveTo examine the trends of HIV prevalence, risk behaviours and HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nanjing.DesignFive consecutive cross-sectional surveys.SettingNanjing, China.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHIV and syphilis prevalence, HIV testing rate and factors associated with HIV infection; demographic characteristics and behaviours.Results649, 669, 577, 633, 503 MSM were recruited from 2013 to 2017. HIV prevalence was 9.9%, 12.3%, 12.5%, 9.8% and 10.1%, respectively. Syphilis prevalence decreased with a range from 10.6% to 5.6%. Risk behaviours like unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and unprotected virginal sex in the past 6 months decreased, but multiple sex partners and ever used rush popper rose significantly. MSM tested for HIV in the previous year remained stable from 57.0% to 64.1% (P=0.633). Multivariate analysis showed that tested for HIV in the past year was protective factor against HIV infection. MSM who had UAI in the past 6 months, sex role as receptive and dual, diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the past year and currently syphilis infected were risk factors for HIV infection.ConclusionsWe observed stable high HIV prevalence, a steady HIV testing rate, decreasing syphilis prevalence and UAI among MSM in Nanjing. However, rush popper use rose dramatically. The HIV preventive strategies for MSM including condom promotion, HIV testing expansion and reduction of rush popper use, STDs screening and standardised treatment should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Increasing syphilis rates among men who have sex with men and screening to detect asymptomatic infection

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Chen ◽  
Rebecca Guy
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Ocular Syphilis ◽  
Syphilis Screening ◽  
Sex With Men

With reports of increasing syphilis rates among men who have sex with men in various countries and complications such as ocular syphilis and neurosyphilis, greater efforts for promoting frequent syphilis screening of higher risk men are required. This should include serological testing for syphilis every time HIV testing is undertaken and each time HIV viral load testing is performed in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Systems-based approaches tailored to particular contexts should be explored, evaluated and, if shown to be effective, implemented.

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