Colorectal cancer and hormone replacement therapy: a review of epidemiological studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteve Fernandez ◽  
Silvia Franceschi ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk

Mortality rates for colorectal cancer in many developed countries have declined in women more than in men. Possible explanations of the sex differentials in colorectal cancer mainly, but not only, refer to different exposure to exogenous hormones. This paper aims to review the available epidemiological evidence on this issue. Seven cohort studies reported information on HRT use and colorectal cancer risk, with relative risks (RRs) around or below unity, and significant inverse association was found in two of them. Of 12 case-control studies, five reported significant risk reductions among ever-users of HRT, while two investigations showed moderate, non-significant inverse associations and none showed a significant increased risk. Two recent meta-analysis showed a 20% reduction in the risk of colon cancer among current users. Overall, the studies reviewed support the existence of an inverse association between colorectal cancer and HRT. Although these epidemiological observations are consistent, surveillance bias may account for part of the association.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF PROMOTER REGION POLYMORPHISMS OF INTERLEUKIN-10 GENE WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COLORECTAL CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Alireza MIRJALILI ◽  
Mansour MOGHIMI ◽  
Kazem AGHILI ◽  
Mohammadali JAFARI ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba ABOLBAGHAEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Allele Model

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association of promoter region polymorphisms of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene with colorectal cancer (CRC), while the conclusion is still conflicting and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the association of promoter region polymorphisms of IL-10 with CRC. METHODS: Eligible articles were identified by a search of several bibliographic databases for the period up to March 15, 2018. The strength of the association was measured by odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 28 case-control studies with 5,647 CRC cases and 6,908 controls were selected, including 14 studies for IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism (2,702 cases and 3,649 controls), eleven studies for -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphism (3,259 cases and 4,992 controls), and three studies for -819T>C (rs1800871) polymorphism (477 cases and 544 controls). By pooling all eligible studies, we found that the IL-10 -1082A>G and -592C>A polymorphisms were not associated with increased CRC risk in overall population. However, there was significant associations between the IL-10 -819T>C polymorphism and CRC susceptibility under the allele model (A vs G: OR=1.278, 95% CI 1.043-1.566, P=0.018) and the recessive model (AA vs AG+GG: OR=1.709, 95% CI 1.026-2.845, P=0.039). CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis we found that IL-10 -819T>C polymorphism was associated with significantly increased risk of CRC; while the IL-10 -1082A>G and -592C>A polymorphisms were not associated with CRC risk. The IL-10 -819T>C polymorphism may be important as suspected predictive factor of CRC occurrence.

Soy Consumption with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danfei Lou ◽  
Yuehua Li ◽  
Guoliang Yan ◽  
Jianhong Bu ◽  
Haihui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Product Consumption

Background: The association of soy product consumption with the relative risk of cardiovascular disease remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed at investigating whether an association exists between soy consumption and the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational studies. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed for case-control and cohort studies that assessed soy consumption and the risk of stroke and CHD. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% CIs were combined by using a random-effects model. Results: Of a total of 1,266 abstracts, 5 prospective cohort and 6 case-control studies met our inclusion criteria, and comprised 4,954 stroke and 7,616 CHD events. Based on the high vs. low analyses, combining cohort studies showed no association between soy intake and risk of stroke (SRR 0.92; 95% CI 0.70-1.10; Pheterogeneity = 0.236; I2 = 29.4%) or CHD (SRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.74-1.27; Pheterogeneity = 0.020; I2 = 62.7%), although a significantly inverse association between soy intake and the risk of stroke (SRR 0.54; 95% CI 0.34-0.87; Pheterogeneity = 0.001; I2 = 79.3%) and CHD (SRR 0.66; 95% CI 0.56-0.77; Pheterogeneity = 0.421; I2 = 0) was observed in case-control studies. No association between soy isoflavone intake and the risk of stroke and CHD was identified. Conclusion: There was limited evidence to indicate that soy consumption was inversely associated with the risk of stroke and CHD, although further studies, with prospective designs that use validated questionnaires and control for important confounders, are warranted.

scholarly journals Relevance of hMLH1 -93G>A, 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 38 case-control studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 942-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zare ◽  
Jamal Jafari-Nedooshan ◽  
Mohammadali Jafari ◽  
Hossein Neamatzadeh ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Abolbaghaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Meta Analyses

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: There has been increasing interest in the study of the association between human mutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) gene polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, results from previous studies are inconclusive. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the effects of this gene. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature databases until January 1, 2018. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS: Finally, 38 case-control studies in 32 publications were identified met our inclusion criteria. There were 14 studies with 20668 cases and 19533 controls on hMLH1 −93G>A, 11 studies with 5,786 cases and 8,867 controls on 655A>G and 5 studies with 1409 cases and 1637 controls on 1151T>A polymorphism. The combined results showed that 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms were significantly associated with CRC risk, whereas −93G>A polymorphism was not significantly associated with CRC risk. As for ethnicity, −93G>A and 655A>G polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of CRC among Asians, but not among Caucasians. More interestingly, subgroup analysis indicated that 655A>G might raise CRC risk in PCR-RFLP and HB subgroups. CONCLUSION: Inconsistent with previous meta-analyses, this meta-analysis shows that the hMLH1 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms might be risk factors for CRC. Moreover, the −93G>A polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of CRC in Asian population.

scholarly journals Hypertension and the risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagfinn Aune ◽  
Abhijit Sen ◽  
Lars J. Vatten
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract A history of hypertension has been associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer in several studies, but the results have not been consistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies to clarify the association between hypertension and endometrial cancer risk. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to 27th of February 2016. Prospective and case-control studies which reported adjusted relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals of endometrial cancer associated with a hypertension diagnosis were included. Summary relative risks were estimated using a random effects model. Nineteen case-control studies and 6 cohort studies were included. The summary RR was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.41–1.85, I2 = 86%) for all studies, 1.73 (95% CI: 1.45–2.06, I2 = 89%) for case-control studies and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.12–1.56, I2 = 47%) for cohort studies. The association between hypertension and endometrial cancer was weaker, but still significant, among studies with adjustment for smoking, BMI, oral contraceptive use, and parity, compared to studies without such adjustment. This meta-analysis suggest an increased risk of endometrial cancer among patients with hypertension, however, further studies with more comprehensive adjustments for confounders are warranted to clarify the association.

Maternal Common Cold or Fever During Pregnancy and the Risk of Orofacial Clefts in the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110676
Author(s):  
Fang-ping Shi ◽  
Ying-ying Huang ◽  
Qiao-qun Dai ◽  
Yu-lu Chen ◽  
Hai-yin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Common

The common cold and/or an associated fever during pregnancy have/has been suspected to harm the developing fetus. We sought possible correlations between a maternal common cold or fever during pregnancy and the risk of orofacial clefts in the offspring. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase using appropriate keywords, and we checked the reference lists of retrieved articles. We used random-effects models to estimate overall relative risks. Incidence of orofacial clefts. We included 13 case-control studies. Modest but statistically significant associations were found between a maternal common cold and cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (CL/CP) (odds ratio [OR] 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66–2.83) and a cleft palate only (CPO) (OR 3.08; 95% CI 1.5–6.34). Furthermore, maternal fever was also associated with an increased risk of CL/CP (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.3–2.8) and CPO (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.83–2.63) in the offspring. Further analyses of maternal influenza (alone) yielded similar results. Although evidence of heterogeneity should be carefully evaluated, our findings suggest that maternal common cold or fever during pregnancy may be associated with a greater risk of CL/CP or CPO in the offspring. Future cohort studies using valid assessments of maternal common cold exposure during pregnancy that consider the severity of fever are needed to clarify the contribution of maternal common cold or fever status to the risk of orofacial clefts in children.

Obesity and the Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma – A Meta-Analysis Involving More Than 40,000 Cases

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 5089-5089
Author(s):  
Nishant Tageja ◽  
Ivo Ditah ◽  
Zartash Gul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Abstract Abstract 5089 Background – Obesity is linked with altered immune function and chronic inflammatory response; multiple studies have related autoimmune and chronic inflammatory processes with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, epidemiological studies on the relation between excess body weight and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have yielded inconsistent results. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Methods – We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases for studies on BMI and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that were published from 1966 to June 2010. Search terms included body mass index, BMI, or obesity combined with lymphoma. The reference lists of identified articles were manually reviewed to identify additional papers. Key Inclusion Criteria - cohort or case–control studies reporting NHL incidence or mortality as an outcome, BMI (body weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) as the exposure of interest, and relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the outcome measures. Data Extraction and Statistical analysis - Two reviewers independently extracted study information and data. Where multiple outcome measures were reported, the most adjusted for was used. Before analysis, all studies were tested for publication bias using the Begg's and Egger's test. Pooled RRs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the random-effects meta-analysis model if heterogeneity was present; otherwise, the fixed-effects model was used. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, version 9.0 (Stata-Corp, College Station, TX). Results – Twenty-five studies (17 cohort and 8 case-control studies) with 40,279 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared to individuals with BMI < 25.0 kg/m2, the summary RRs for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were 1.05 (95% CI, 1.01–1.10) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06–1.25) for overweight (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30.0 kg/m2) individuals respectively. By histological subtypes, obesity was associated with a statistically significant increase risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11–1.37; n = 13 studies) but not with follicular lymphoma (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.97–1.27; n = 13 studies) or small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84–1.07; n = 8 studies). There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions – The results of this meta-analysis suggest that compared to normal weight individuals, overweight and obese individuals have a 5% and 15% increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma respectively. Though statistically significant, these proportions are relatively small and perhaps may be accounted for by residual confounding. Larger, long term prospective studies will be needed to conclusively define the magnitude and strength of the association between body weight and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Disclosures: Off Label Use: High dose Melphalan is not FDA approved as conditioning regimen for Autologous stem cell transplant.

scholarly journals Garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk in man: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Chiavarini ◽  
Liliana Minelli ◽  
Roberto Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Estimate ◽  
Case Control Studies

AbstractObjectiveColorectal cancer shows large incidence variations worldwide that have been attributed to different dietary factors. We conducted a meta-analysis on the relationship between garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk.DesignWe systematically reviewed publications obtained by searching ISI Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE and EMBASE literature databases. We extracted the risk estimate of the highest and the lowest reported categories of intake from each study and conducted meta-analysis using a random-effects model.ResultsThe pooled analysis of all fourteen studies, seven cohort and seven case–control, indicated that garlic consumption was not associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR=0·93; 95 % CI 0·82, 1·06, P=0·281; I2=83·6 %, P≤0·001). Separate analyses on the basis of cancer sites and sex also revealed no statistically significant effects on cancer risk. However, when separately analysed on the basis of study type, we found that garlic was associated with an approximately 37 % reduction in colorectal cancer risk in the case–control studies (combined risk estimate=0·63, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·82, P=0·001; I2=75·6 %, P≤0·001).ConclusionsOur results suggest that consumption of garlic is not associated with a reduced colorectal cancer risk. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the discrepancy between results obtained from different types of epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals COX-2 gene rs689466 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer among Caucasians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Mohammad Amzad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Strength Of Association

Abstract Background Several studies have reported the Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) rs689466 polymorphism as a susceptibility locus of colorectal cancer (CRC), but their findings are inconsistent. Thus, this meta-analysis was performed to more accurately identify the effects of this polymorphism on CRC risk. Methods Potential case-control studies on EMBASE, Google of Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched. The strength of association was quantified by pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Totally 16 articles involving 8,998 cases and 11,917 controls were included. Results None of the five tested genetic models revealed any significant association between rs689466 polymorphism and CRC risk. Stratified analysis by ethnicity uncovered a significant association between this polymorphism and higher CRC risk in Caucasians, but not in Asians. In addition, we found high expression of COX-2 was associated with better overall survival for all CRC patients. Conclusion To sum up, the COX-2 rs689466 polymorphism may be related with susceptibility to CRC in Caucasians. This finding should be verified by larger-size studies with different ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Association of IL-6 −174 G>C Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer and Gastric Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Jafari-Nedooshan ◽  
Seyed Alireza Dastgheib ◽  
Saeed Kargar ◽  
Mohammad Zare ◽  
Ali Raee-Ezzabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Search

Background: The −174G>C (rs1800795) polymorphism at interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene has been reported to be related with the occurrence of colorectal (CRC) and gastric (GC) cancers. However, the results had been conflicting and controversial. In order to give a comprehensive and precise result, we summarized available data to analyze the association of this polymorphism with CRC and GC risk. Methods: A comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, and CNKI database was performed to identify all eligible studies up to May 15, 2019. The strength of association was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 29 case-control studies including 16 studies with 7,560 cases and 9,574 controls on CRC and 13 studies with 1,445 cases and 2,918 controls on GC were selected. Overall, pooled data showed that the IL-6 −174G>C polymorphism was not significantly associated with increased risk of CRC and GC in overall. When stratified by ethnicity, we found a statistically significant association between the IL-6 −174 G>C polymorphism and CRC risk in Asians (CC vs. GG: OR = 1.860, 95% CI 1.061–3.258, p = 0.030; and CC vs. CG+GG: OR = 1.941, 95% CI 1.131–3.331, p = 0.016). Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests that IL-6 −174G>C polymorphism was not significantly associated with the increased risk of CRC and GC in overall population. However, the results showed that IL-6 −174G>C polymorphism may be associated with risk of GC in Asians. Further studies including a larger sample size will be necessary to clarify these results.

scholarly journals Dietary Flavonoids and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chang ◽  
Lin Lei ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Fayin Ye ◽  
Guohua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Colon Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Aim: The aim of this study was to perform an up-to-date meta-analysis of the association between the intake of dietary flavonoids and the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify eligible studies. The risk of colorectal cancer for the highest versus the lowest categories of flavonoids intake were assessed. Results: A total of 12 studies (5 cohort and 7 case-control studies) involving 17,481 cases and 740,859 controls were eligible for meta-analysis. High intake of dietary flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins may decrease the risk of colorectal cancer; the pooled odds ratio (OR) for the highest intake compared with the lowest was 0.70 (0.54–0.90), 0.79 (0.83–0.99) and 0.78 (0.64–0.95), respectively. No association between the intake of total flavonoids, flavanones or flavan-3-ols and the risk of colorectal cancer was observed. Furthermore, the data showed that high intake of flavonols may decrease the risk of colon cancer [0.80 (0.68–0.94)] but not rectal cancer [0.93 (0.74–1.18)], while on the contrary, the intake of flavones may decrease rectal cancer risk [0.82 (0.70–0.97)] but not colon cancer risk [0.88 (0.69–1.13)]. Conclusions: The present study suggested that high intake of flavonols (such as quercetin) may reduce the risk of colon cancer, and high intake of flavones (such as apigenin) may reduce the risk of rectal cancer.

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