Evaluation of a mobile phone-based diet game for weight control

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonbok Lee ◽  
Young Moon Chae ◽  
Sukil Kim ◽  
Seung Hee Ho ◽  
Inyoung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Nutrition Intake ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Control Study

We developed an interactive mobile-phone based application, SmartDiet, that analyzes daily nutrition intake and patterns of daily exercise. It provides a personalized diet profile and promotes knowledge about nutrition using a diet game. We evaluated the effectiveness of the SmartDiet application in terms of acquiring dietary information, weight control and user satisfaction. A case-control study was conducted over a six-week period, with 19 people in the intervention group and 17 people in the control group. During the study, a total of 235 successful data transmissions were performed from the mobile phones and there was a mean of 12.4 transmissions per participant. The three body composition measures (fat mass, weight and body mass index) decreased significantly after the intervention in the intervention group, but there were no significant changes in the control group. In a questionnaire survey at the end of the study, the majority of the participants responded that the system was useful for obtaining information and managing the diet process. The SmartDiet mobile weight management application appears to contribute to weight loss in obese adults.

scholarly journals Effects of a vocational rehabilitation programme on return to work among sick-listed primary health care patients A population-based matched, case-control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Sophia von Celsing ◽  
Per Kristiansson ◽  
Kurt Svärdsudd ◽  
Thorne Wallman
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Vocational Programme ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: To evaluate the efficacy of a multidisciplinary vocational programme in sick-listed, primary health care patients as compared to matched non-programme patients. Methods: The design was a 3-year prospective population-based, matched case-control study. It was set in a large primary healthcare centre in the city of Eskilstuna, Sweden. The subjects were 943 sickness-certified patients (482 women and 461 men). Intervention: 170 high-risk patients and a matched control group (n = 340) with similar risk for not returning to work within expected time, based on propensity score was created. The intervention group passed a multidisciplinary medical assessment and a coordinated vocational programme, while the control group received usual care by their general practitioner. Main outcome measures: Sick leave conclusion and the day when it occurred. Results: The follow-up time was subdivided into four periods. During the first two periods, days 1–14 and days 15–112 after baseline, the intervention group had a significantly lower sick leave conclusion rate than the control group (hazard ratios, (HR) 0.32, 95% CI 0.20–0.51, p < 0.0001 and 0.47, 95% CI 0.35–0.64). During the third period, days 113–365, the intervention group had an insignificantly lower conclusion rate (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.46–1.08, p = 0.10), and during the fourth follow-up period, days 366–1096, the intervention group had an insignificantly higher conclusion rate than the control group (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.69–1.96, p = 0.58). Across the total follow-up period, the intervention group had a lower conclusion rate than the control group (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.45–0.66, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: No positive significant effects of the rehabilitation programme on time to sick leave conclusion were found.

scholarly journals Effects on walking performance and lower body strength by short message service guided training after stroke or transient ischemic attack (The STROKEWALK Study): a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921552095434
Author(s):  
Birgit Vahlberg ◽  
Erik Lundström ◽  
Staffan Eriksson ◽  
Ulf Holmbäck ◽  
Tommy Cederholm
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Objective: To evaluate whetherdaily mobile-phone delivered messages with training instructions during three months increase physical activity and overall mobility in patients soon after stroke or transient ischemic attack. Design: Randomised controlled trial with intention-to-treat analyses. Setting: University hospital. Data collection from November 2016 until December2018. Subjects: Seventy-nine patients (mean (SD) age 63.9 (10.4) years, 29 were women) were allocated to either intervention ( n = 40) or control group ( n = 39). Participants had to be independent (modified Ranking Scale ⩽2) and able to perform the six-minute walking test at discharge from the hospital. Interventions: The intervention group received standard care and daily mobile phone instructional text messages to perform regular outdoor walking and functional leg exercises. The control group received standard care; that is, primary care follow-up. Main measures: Walking performance by six-minute walking test (m), lower body strength by five times chair-stand test (s), the short physical performance battery (0–12 points) and 10-metres walk test (m/s) were assessed at baseline and after three months. Results: The estimated median difference in the six-minute walking test was in favour of the intervention group by 30 metres (95% CI, 55 to 1; effect size 0.64; P = 0.037) and in the chair-stand test by 0.88 seconds (95% CI, 0.02 to 1.72; effect size 0.64; P = 0.034). There were no differences between groups on the short physical performance battery or in 10-metres walking time. Conclusions: Three months of daily mobile phone text messages with guided training instructions improved composite mobility measures; that is, walking performanceand lower body strength. Clinical Trial Registry: The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02902367.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based, Self-Management Tool for People Recently Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison O. Booth ◽  
Carole Lowis ◽  
Steven J. Hunter ◽  
Moira Dean ◽  
Chris R. Cardwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Based

Aim. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a computer-based, dietary, and physical activity self-management program for people recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Methods. The computer-based program was developed in conjunction with the target group and evaluated in a 12-week randomised controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomised to the intervention (computer-program) or control group (usual care). Primary outcomes were diabetes knowledge and goal setting (ADKnowl questionnaire, Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ)) measured at baseline and week 12. User feedback on the program was obtained via a questionnaire and focus groups.Results. Seventy participants completed the 12-week RCT (32 intervention, 38 control, mean age 59 (SD) years). After completion there was a significant between-group difference in the “knowledge and beliefs scale” of the DOQ. Two-thirds of the intervention group rated the program as either good or very good, 92% would recommend the program to others, and 96% agreed that the information within the program was clear and easy to understand.Conclusions. The computer-program resulted in a small but statistically significant improvement in diet-related knowledge and user satisfaction was high. With some further development, this computer-based educational tool may be a useful adjunct to diabetes self-management. This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov NCT numberNCT00877851.

scholarly journals Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered via a Mobile Phone Messaging Robot to Decrease Postoperative Opioid Use in Patients With Orthopedic Trauma: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A Anthony ◽  
Edward Octavio Rojas ◽  
Valerie Keffala ◽  
Natalie Ann Glass ◽  
Apurva S Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthopedic Trauma ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a pragmatic approach to help individuals decrease avoidable pain. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of ACT delivered via an automated mobile messaging robot on postoperative opioid use and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with orthopedic trauma who underwent operative intervention for their injuries. METHODS Adult patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center who underwent operative fixation of a traumatic upper or lower extremity fracture and who used mobile phone text messaging were eligible for the study. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group, who received twice-daily mobile phone messages communicating an ACT-based intervention for the first 2 weeks after surgery, or the control group, who received no messages. Baseline PROs were completed. Two weeks after the operative intervention, follow-up was performed in the form of an opioid medication pill count and postoperative administration of PROs. The mean number of opioid tablets used by patients was calculated and compared between groups. The mean PRO scores were also compared between the groups. RESULTS A total of 82 subjects were enrolled in the study. Of the 82 participants, 76 (38 ACT and 38 controls) completed the study. No differences between groups in demographic factors were identified. The intervention group used an average of 26.1 (SD 21.4) opioid tablets, whereas the control group used 41.1 (SD 22.0) tablets, resulting in 36.5% ([41.1-26.1]/41.1) less tablets used by subjects receiving the mobile phone–based ACT intervention (<i>P</i>=.004). The intervention group subjects reported a lower postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Information System Pain Intensity score (mean 45.9, SD 7.2) than control group subjects (mean 49.7, SD 8.8; <i>P</i>=.04). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the delivery of an ACT-based intervention via an automated mobile messaging robot in the acute postoperative period decreased opioid use in selected patients with orthopedic trauma. Participants receiving the ACT-based intervention also reported lower pain intensity after 2 weeks, although this may not represent a clinically important difference. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03991546; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03991546

scholarly journals Use of Featforward Mobile Phone App Associated with Decreased Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Conditions (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B Golas ◽  
Ramya Palacholla ◽  
Amanda Centi ◽  
Odeta Dyrmishi ◽  
Stephen Agboola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors contributing to rising rates of chronic diseases and has been associated with deleterious health outcomes in patients with chronic disease conditions. FeatForward is a mobile phone app designed to encourage patients with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors to increase their levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the FeatForward mobile phone app on physical activity levels (primary outcome) and global CMR factors (secondary outcomes) in patients with chronic conditions. METHODS In this 6-month, 2-arm randomized controlled trial, adult participants endorsing at least 1 study-eligible condition (obesity, [pre-]diabetes, [pre-]hypertension) were enrolled and assigned to either the intervention group (FeatForward app and standard care) or control group (standard care only). The primary and secondary outcomes were, respectively, change from baseline in physical activity (step count) and CMR factors (weight, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], fasting blood glucose, systolic/diastolic blood pressures, serum lipids, C-reactive protein [CRP]). CMR data were collected at 3 time-points: baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Step count data were recorded continuously by patients’ study-issued activity trackers and collected in batches at 3 and 6 months. At study end, patients’ weekly average step counts (WAS) were calculated as total steps taken divided by days of step data (0-7) for each of 26 study weeks. Mixed-effects linear regression models evaluated change over time between groups for the primary outcome and secondary outcomes. All models controlled for baseline values. The step count model additionally controlled for proportion of days without data, defined as (7 – days of data) / 7. Analyses were conducted for both groups overall, and by disease cohort (obesity, diabetes, hypertension). RESULTS Step count and CMR data were analyzed for 128 intervention and 133 control patients. There were no demographic differences between groups. While there was an overall downward trend in WAS for both groups, the intervention group decreased significantly less than the control group, with a slope of -29.3 steps per week compared to controls’ -57.9 (P=.02). Intervention patients with obesity slightly increased their step count overtime, differing significantly from controls (slope of 0.9 vs -90.2; P<.001). Intervention patients significantly lowered their BMI per study month compared to controls (slopes -0.23 vs -0.02; P=.04). Additionally, intervention patients with hypertension significantly decreased weight (P=.003), BMI (P=.002), and CRP (P=.03) per month compared to the control group. Waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids did not differ significantly by group or disease cohort over time. CONCLUSIONS While it is common for patient engagement with physical activity trackers to decrease over the course of a study, patients using the FeatFoward app had a slower decline in physical activity compared to controls. Intervention patients experienced a reduction in their BMI from a mean of 34.3 to 33.4, compared to controls’ 34.8 to 35.0. Patients with hypertension experienced significant decreases in BMI, weight, and CRP compared to controls. Future analyses will evaluate the impact of app engagement levels on step counts and CMR factors for the intervention group.

scholarly journals Exploring Efficacy of a Serious Game (TOBBSTOP) for Smoking Cessation in Pregnant Women: Pilot Case-Control Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc X Marin-Gomez ◽  
Rosada Garcia-Moreno ◽  
Anabel Mayos-Fernandez ◽  
Cristina Rey-Reñones
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Smoke Cessation

BACKGROUND Tobacco use entails, during pregnancy, a serious risk to the mother and harmful effects on the development of the child. Europa has the highest tobacco smoking prevalence (19.3%) as compared to a worldwide mean of 6.8%. Twenty to thirty percent of pregnant women used tobacco during pregnancy worldwide. These data emphasize the urgent need for community education and implementation of prevention strategies focused on risks associated to tobacco use during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the possibility to address this problem through a serious game (TOBBSTOP), something that has proven efficient as a tool for learning in many situations. By using a game for smoke cessation during pregnancy, we aim to maintain cessation and interest pregnant smokers in learning about health care and effects of tobacco by playing a game that helps them to achieve their challenge. METHODS A pilot case-control study enrolls 44 women who were visited in two primary care centers in Spain between March 2015 and November 2016. All participants were pregnant smokers over the age of 17 years attending consultation to a midwife during the first trimester of pregnancy who expressed their desire to stop smoking. We recruited the intervention group (n=22) among the attended on the centers and instructed them to install the game on their smartphone or tablet and use it for 3 months. Until the delivery, all participants had to respond to a questionnaire, assessing their stage on smoke cessation during their follow-up midwife consultations. The selected control group participants (n=22), matched for age, level of tobacco-dependence and number of smoking attempts. We tested the amount of CO at each visit with a carboxymeter during the entire intervention period to assess the abstinence. RESULTS Pregnant women from the intervention group, with 80.0% (12/15), had significant higher rates of cessation until delivery than control group (χ2=8.4; P=.004). Logistic regression analyses revealed that game’s use was associated with an increased likelihood to maintain smoking cessation during the intervention period compared with those not using the game (odds ratio 4.0; 95% CI 1.3-12.2). Additionally, a Mantel-Cox means’ analysis revealed that the use of the game was associated with an increased number of days without smoking, with an average of 139.7 days (95% CI 97.1-182.4) in the intervention group (χ2=13.912; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy is an ideal opportunity to intervene and control tobacco use among future mothers. On the other hand, serious games is an emerging technology, growing in importance, which is shown as a good tool to assist in maintaining women without smoking and help behavior change during pregnancy. However, due to study design limitations, these outcomes should be interpreted with caution. More research, using larger samples and longer follow-up periods, is needed to replicate the findings of this study.

scholarly journals Developing Embodied Conversational Agents for Coaching People in a Healthy Lifestyle: Scoping Review

10.2196/14058 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. e14058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lean L Kramer ◽  
Silke ter Stal ◽  
Bob C Mulder ◽  
Emely de Vet ◽  
Lex van Velsen
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Embodied Conversational Agents ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
End User ◽  
Promising Tool

Background Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are animated computer characters that simulate face-to-face counseling. Owing to their capacity to establish and maintain an empathic relationship, they are deemed to be a promising tool for starting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Objective This review aimed to identify the current practices in designing and evaluating ECAs for coaching people in a healthy lifestyle and provide an overview of their efficacy (on behavioral, knowledge, and motivational parameters) and use (on usability, usage, and user satisfaction parameters). Methods We used the Arksey and O’Malley framework to conduct a scoping review. PsycINFO, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and Scopus were searched with a combination of terms related to ECA and lifestyle. Initially, 1789 unique studies were identified; 20 studies were included. Results Most often, ECAs targeted physical activity (n=16) and had the appearance of a middle-aged African American woman (n=13). Multiple behavior change techniques (median=3) and theories or principles (median=3) were applied, but their interpretation and application were usually not reported. ECAs seemed to be designed for the end user rather than with the end user. Stakeholders were usually not involved. A total of 7 out of 15 studies reported better efficacy outcomes for the intervention group, and 5 out of 8 studies reported better use-related outcomes, as compared with the control group. Conclusions ECAs are a promising tool for persuasive communication in the health domain. This review provided valuable insights into the current developmental processes, and it recommends the use of human-centered, stakeholder-inclusive design approaches, along with reporting on the design activities in a systematic and comprehensive manner. The gaps in knowledge were identified on the working mechanisms of intervention components and the right timing and frequency of coaching.

scholarly journals Effect of a Mobile Phone–Based Glucose-Monitoring and Feedback System for Type 2 Diabetes Management in Multiple Primary Care Clinic Settings: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/16266 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e16266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeoree Yang ◽  
Eun Young Lee ◽  
Hun-Sung Kim ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Kun-Ho Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Primary Care Clinic ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Background Recent evidence of the effectiveness of mobile phone–based diabetes management systems is generally based on studies conducted in tertiary hospitals or professional diabetes clinics. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and applicability of a mobile phone–based glucose-monitoring and feedback system for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in multiple primary care clinic settings. Methods In this multicenter, cluster-randomized controlled, open trial, 13 primary care clinics in Seoul and other large cities in South Korea were voluntarily recruited. Overall, 150 (9 clinics) and 97 (4 clinics) participants with T2DM were assigned to the intervention and control groups, respectively (2:1 allocation). Every month, participants in both groups attended face-to-face physicians’ consultation for the management of diabetes in the clinic. For the intervention group, participants were required to upload their daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) results using the mobile phone app in addition to outpatient care for 3 months. The results were automatically transmitted to the main server. Physicians had to check their patients’ SMBG results through an administrator’s website and send a short feedback message at least once a week. At baseline and 3 months, both groups had anthropometry and blood tests, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and responded to questionnaires about treatment satisfaction and compliance. Results At 3 months, participants in the intervention group showed significantly more improvement in HbA1c (adjusted mean difference to control −0.30%, 95% CI −0.50 to −0.11; P=.003) and fasting plasma glucose (−17.29 mg/dL, 95% CI −29.33 to −5.26; P=.005) than those in the control group. In addition, there was significantly more reduction in blood pressure, and the score regarding treatment satisfaction and motivation for medication adherence increased more in the intervention group than in the control group. In the subgroup analyses, the effect on glycemic control was more significant among younger patients and higher baseline HbA1c levels. Conclusions The mobile phone–based glucose-monitoring and feedback system was effective in glycemic control when applied in primary care clinic settings. This system could be utilized effectively with diverse institutions and patients. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) https://tinyurl.com/tgqawbz

The 24-Hour Intensivists Staffing Model Improves the Outcome for Nighttime Admitted Patients: A Matched Historical Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1439-1446
Author(s):  
Ju Min-Jie ◽  
Gu Zhun-Yong ◽  
Han Yan ◽  
Liu Yu-Jing ◽  
He Hong-Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Staffing Model ◽  
Staffing Strategy ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: We previously showed that a “10-hour daytime on-site” and “nighttime (NT) on-call” staffing strategy was associated with higher mortality for intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted during NT than it was for patients admitted during office hours (OH). In here, we evaluated the clinical effects of a 24-hour intensivist staffing model. Methods: We formed an intervention group of 3034 consecutive ICU patients hospitalized from January 2013 to December 2015, and a control group of 2891 patients from our previous study (2009-2011). We applied propensity score matching (PSM) for whole and subgroup analyses adjusting for confounding factors. We compared clinical outcomes of patients under the 2 staffing models using multivariate logistic regression and survival analyses. Results: After PSM, we balanced the clinical data between the complete cohorts and the subgroups. Comparison of ICU survivals between the intervention and control cohorts yielded no significant differences. However, the intervention was significantly associated with a higher ICU survival in the NT (5:30 pm-07:30 am) admission patients ( P = .049) than in those admitted during OH (07:30 am to 5:30 pm; P = .456). Additionally, the intervention shortened the LOSHOS ( P = .001) and/or LOSICU ( P < .001), reduced the hospital ( P = .672) and/or ICU ( P = .004) expenses, and resulted in earlier mechanical ventilation extubation ( P = .442) as compared to the same variables in the control group, especially for NT admissions. Conclusions: The 24-hour intensivists staffing could significantly improve ICU outcomes, especially for NT-admission patients in high-acuity, high-volume ICUs with frequent NT admissions.

Pengaruh Edukasi Gaya Hidup Sehat terhadap Pencegahan Dini Hipertensi pada Remaja

JKEP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Suratun Suratun ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Ekarini ◽  
Mamah Sumartini
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
History Of

Hypertension is a condition of systolic pressure above 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg. Hypertension can be prevented by controlling a healthy lifestyle including sleep habits, eating habits, weight control, not smoking or drinking alcoholic beverages, exercising regularly and skillfully in managing stress. Efforts to control a healthy lifestyle by providing education. This study aims to determine the effect of healthy lifestyle education on early prevention of hypertension in adolescents. The study design used a quasi experiment pre-post test with control group. The study sample in the intervention group and the control group were 68 respondents. The sampling technique is by purposive sampling. The results showed that the respondents were on average 15 years old and most of the respondents were male in both the intervention group and the control group. Most respondents in the intervention group did not have a family history of hypertension, while in the control group most of the respondents had a history of hypertension from father or mother. There were significant differences in educating healthy lifestyles on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group, whereas in the control group there were no significant differences.

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