scholarly journals Imaging biomarkers in upper gastrointestinal cancers

BJR|Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20190001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Gabelloni ◽  
Lorenzo Faggioni ◽  
Emanuele Neri
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

In parallel with the increasingly widespread availability of high performance imaging platforms and recent progresses in pathobiological characterisation and treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies, imaging biomarkers have become a major research topic due to their potential to provide additional quantitative information to conventional imaging modalities that can improve accuracy at staging and follow-up, predict outcome, and guide treatment planning in an individualised manner. The aim of this review is to briefly examine the status of current knowledge about imaging biomarkers in the field of upper gastrointestinal cancers, highlighting their potential applications and future perspectives in patient management from diagnosis onwards.

Performance of a new preloaded fiducial needle to guide radiation therapy of upper gastrointestinal cancers

Endoscopy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinh-An Phan ◽  
Raymond Dalfsen ◽  
Hien Le ◽  
Nam Q. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Insertion Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Technical Success ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Visibility Score ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Abstract Background Insertion of fiducials to outline the targeted lesion allows image-guided radiotherapy, and is best achieved by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). This study is a performance comparison of the new EUS-guided preloaded fiducial needle against Visicoil fiducials. Methods Technical success, visibility score, procedural time, costs, and complications for patients who underwent EUS-guided fiducial placement in upper gastrointestinal malignancies were prospectively collected. Results 60 patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers had fiducials (14 Visicoil; 46 preloaded fiducials) inserted for image-guided radiotherapy. Technical success was 100 %, with a shorter mean (standard deviation) insertion time of 0.94 minutes (0.28 minutes) vs. 5.5 minutes (1.9 minutes; P < 0.001) and higher visibility score on fluoroscopy of 2 vs. 1.18 (P < 0.001) in the preloaded group. Neither group had major complications related to fiducial insertion. The cost of consumables per patient was lower in the preloaded group at US$480 (US$124) vs. US$643 (US$123; P < 0.001). Conclusion Fiducial insertion for image-guided radiotherapy using the new preloaded needle is associated with 100 % technical success, shorter insertion time, and higher visibility, and is more cost-effective than the Visicoil system.

scholarly journals Molecular subclassification of gastrointestinal cancers based on cancer stem cell traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Mei Li ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Xin-Yuan Guan ◽  
Ning-Fang Ma ◽  
Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies

AbstractHuman gastrointestinal malignancies are highly heterogeneous cancers. Clinically, heterogeneity largely contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Heterogeneity within gastrointestinal cancers is defined by molecular subtypes in genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been demonstrated to be a major source of tumor heterogeneity; therefore, assessing tumor heterogeneity by CSC trait-guided classification of gastrointestinal cancers is essential for the development of effective therapies. CSCs share critical features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Molecular investigations have revealed that embryonic genes and developmental signaling pathways regulating the properties of ESCs or cell lineage differentiation are abnormally active and might be oncofetal drivers in certain tumor subtypes. Currently, multiple strategies allow comprehensive identification of tumor subtype-specific oncofetal signatures and evaluation of subtype-specific therapies. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular classification of gastrointestinal malignancies based on CSC features and elucidate their clinical relevance. We also outline strategies for molecular subtype identification and subtype-based therapies. Finally, we explore how clinical implementation of tumor classification by CSC subtype might facilitate the development of more effective personalized therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of Flavonoids in Lotus Plumules of Four Representative Lotus Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Mingzhi Zhu ◽  
Chunyun Zhang ◽  
Mingquan Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Quadrupole Mass ◽  
Ultraviolet Detector ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wide Potential

The flavonoids in lotus plumules from four representative lotus cultivars have been analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detector and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. By this means, sixteen flavonoids were successfully measured and compared among four cultivars. Although similar flavonoid compositions were detected from these four cultivars, their flavonoid contents were significantly different. cv. Bailian from Guangchang was detected to have the most total flavonoid content, that is, 1595.86 mg/100 g, followed by cv. Xuanlian from Wuyi (1553.49 mg/100 g), cv. Xianglian from Xiangtan (1173.07 mg/100 g), and cv. Jianlian from Jianning (930.08 mg/100 g). However, similar percentages of flavonoid C-glycosides in the total flavonoids were found for four cultivars, which were 80.83% for cv. Bailian, 80.91% for cv. Xianglian, 79.25% for cv. Jianlian, and 78.53% for cv. Xuanlian. This work will be very useful for quality assurance and control for the lotus plumules from different origins in terms of qualitative and quantitative information about flavonoids. It will also be of special interest in the screening of lotus plumules with high flavonoid content, which are preferred due to their wide potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Adoptive Cell Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Slovak ◽  
Hyun S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Specific Antigens

AbstractThe reinfusion of autologous or allogeneic immune cells that have been educated and/or engineered ex vivo to respond to tumor-specific antigens is termed “adoptive cell therapy.” While adoptive cell therapy has made tremendous strides in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its utilization for solid tumors has lagged somewhat behind. The purpose of this article is to concisely review the clinical research that has been done to investigate adoptive cell therapy as a treatment for gastrointestinal malignancies.

Targeting c-MET/HGF Signaling Pathway in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: Rationale and Progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 1302-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharareh Gholamin ◽  
Hamid Fiuji ◽  
Mina Maftouh ◽  
Reza Mirhafez ◽  
Fatemeh Shandiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Electrochemical Deposition of Polypyrrole Nanostructures for Energy Applications: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Bocchetta ◽  
Domenico Frattini ◽  
Miriana Tagliente ◽  
Filippo Selleri
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Template Free ◽  
Cathodic Polymerization

By collecting and analyzing relevant literature results, we demonstrate that the nanostructuring of polypyrrole (PPy) electrodes is a crucial strategy to achieve high performance and stability in energy devices such as fuel cells, lithium batteries and supercapacitors. In this critic and comprehensive review, we focus the attention on the electrochemical methods for deposition of PPy, nanostructures and potential applications, by analyzing the effect of different physico-chemical parameters, electro-oxidative conditions including template-based or template-free depositions and cathodic polymerization. Diverse interfaces and morphologies of polymer nanodeposits are also discussed.

Molecular Components of Wnt/β-catenin Pathway As Therapeutic Targets For Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Nikki P. Lee ◽  
Zhi Xu ◽  
Sarwat Fatima ◽  
Timothy T. Yung ◽  
Raymond W. Y. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Disentangling the obesity paradox in upper gastrointestinal cancers: Weight loss matters more than body mass index

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 101912
Author(s):  
Shria Kumar ◽  
Nadim Mahmud ◽  
David S. Goldberg ◽  
Jashodeep Datta ◽  
David E. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

scholarly journals A novel PET tracer 18F-deoxy-thiamine: synthesis, metabolic kinetics, and evaluation on cerebral thiamine metabolism status

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changpeng Wang ◽  
Siwei Zhang ◽  
Yuefei Zou ◽  
Hongzhao Ma ◽  
Donglang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Metabolic Kinetics ◽  
Thiamine Metabolism ◽  
Pet Tracer ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Some neuropsychological diseases are associated with abnormal thiamine metabolism, including Korsakoff–Wernicke syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. However, in vivo detection of the status of brain thiamine metabolism is still unavailable and needs to be developed. Methods A novel PET tracer of 18F-deoxy-thiamine was synthesized using an automated module via a two-step route. The main quality control parameters, such as specific activity and radiochemical purity, were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Radiochemical concentration was determined by radioactivity calibrator. Metabolic kinetics and the level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in brains of mice and marmosets were studied by micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). In vivo stability, renal excretion rate, and biodistribution of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in the mice were assayed using HPLC and γ-counter, respectively. Also, the correlation between the retention of cerebral 18F-deoxy-thiamine in 60 min after injection as represented by the area under the curve (AUC) and blood thiamine levels was investigated. Results The 18F-deoxy-thiamine was stable both in vitro and in vivo. The uptake and clearance of 18F-deoxy-thiamine were quick in the mice. It reached the max standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 4.61 ± 0.53 in the liver within 1 min, 18.67 ± 7.04 in the kidney within half a minute. The SUV dropped to 0.72 ± 0.05 and 0.77 ± 0.35 after 60 min of injection in the liver and kidney, respectively. After injection, kidney, liver, and pancreas exhibited high accumulation level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine, while brain, muscle, fat, and gonad showed low accumulation concentration, consistent with previous reports on thiamine distribution in mice. Within 90 min after injection, the level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in the brain of C57BL/6 mice with thiamine deficiency (TD) was 1.9 times higher than that in control mice, and was 3.1 times higher in ICR mice with TD than that in control mice. The AUC of the tracer in the brain of marmosets within 60 min was 29.33 ± 5.15 and negatively correlated with blood thiamine diphosphate levels (r = − 0.985, p = 0.015). Conclusion The 18F-deoxy-thiamine meets the requirements for ideal PET tracer for in vivo detecting the status of cerebral thiamine metabolism.

scholarly journals The Brown Seaweeds of Scotland, Their Importance and Applications

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Dulaimi ◽  
Mostafa E. Rateb ◽  
Andrew S. Hursthouse ◽  
Gary Thomson ◽  
Mohammed Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

More than 50% of the UK coastline is situated in Scotland under legislative jurisdiction; therefore, there is a great opportunity for regionally focused economic development by the rational use of sustainable marine bio-sources. We review the importance of seaweeds in general, and more specifically, wrack brown seaweeds which are washed from the sea and accumulated in the wrack zone and their economic impact. Rules and regulations governing the harvesting of seaweed, potential sites for harvesting, along with the status of industrial application are discussed. We describe extraction and separation methods of natural products from these seaweeds along with their phytochemical profiles. Many potential applications for these derivatives exist in agriculture, energy, nutrition, biomaterials, waste treatment (composting), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other applications. The chemical diversity of the natural compounds present in these seaweeds is an opportunity to further investigate a range of chemical scaffolds, evaluate their biological activities, and develop them for better pharmaceutical or biotechnological applications. The key message is the significant opportunity for the development of high value products from a seaweed processing industry in Scotland, based on a sustainable resource, and locally regulated.

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