scholarly journals Relationship between myocardial enzyme levels, hepatic function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na-ying Zuo ◽  
Yuan-da Zhang ◽  
Qing-wei Dong ◽  
Li-po Han
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Open Access Article

Objective: To investigate the relationship between myocardial enzymes, liver function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea. Methods: The data of 70 children with infectious diarrhea treated in Baoding Children’s Hospital, China, from October 2017 to April 2018 were retrospectively studied. The antigen of rotavirus in feces was positive by colloidal gold method. According to the clinical features of biochemical indicators and mental status, the patients were divided into four groups, an acidosis-free group, a mild acidosis group, a moderate acidosis group and a severe acidosis group, in line with acidosis severity. In addition to detecting the hepatic functions of the pediatric patients in the four groups, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransfer (ALT) levels, and myocardial enzyme levels (e.g., creatine kinase, or CK, and creatine kinase isoenzyme, or CK-MB), the relationships of hepatic function, myocardial enzyme levels and acidosis severity of the patients with infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection were also analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in sex and age among the four groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the frequency of diarrhea and vomiting (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in creatine kinase, CK-MB, AST and ALT levels in children with metabolic acidosis of different severities. Conclusion: With the aggravation of metabolic acidosis, infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus is characterized by the aggravation of hepatic function and myocardial cells. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2325 How to cite this:Zuo NY, Zhang YD, Dong QW, Han LP. Relationship between myocardial enzyme levels, hepatic function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):---------.    doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2325 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Effects of Language Learning Strategies and Learners’ Motivation on Students’ Learning Achievement

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Nai-Ying Chang
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Course Performance ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This study investigated whether learning strategies had made any impact on learners’ achievement and explored whether learning motivation was correlated with learning strategies. The participants of this study were the students from the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) intermediate level course at a college in Taiwan. The students were given a pretest and a posttest. The mean scores of these tests were compared with a SILL survey (Strategies Inventory for Language Learning) at the end of the investigation. The participants’ course performance was compared with their use of learning strategies. The assumption of the relationship between learning strategies and motivation is that motivated learners have a greater desire to seek out solutions or support from others and employ more strategies to process the new information. The results of this investigation revealed that only the memory strategies had a significant difference in the posttest of Group A on the independent sample t-test analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Malaria and the climate in Karachi: An eight year review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (ICON-Suppl) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fivzia Herekar ◽  
Sundus Iftikhar ◽  
Ahsana Nazish ◽  
Sabeen Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Medical Chart Review ◽  
Special Supplement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Open Access Article

Background and Objective: Malaria is an arthropod-borne infectious disease transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles and claims millions of lives globally every year. Reasons for failure to eradicate this disease are multifactorial. The seasonality of the malaria is principally determined by climatic factors conducive for breeding of the vector. We aimed to study the relationship between climatic variability and the seasonality of malaria over an eight-year duration. Methods: This was a retrospective medical chart review of 8,844 confirmed cases of malaria which presented to The Indus Hospital, Karachi from January 2008 to November 2015. Cases were plotted against meteorological data for Karachi to elicit monthly variation. Results: A secular incline and seasonality in malaria cases over the duration of 8 years was seen. More cases were reported in the summer, rainy season compared with the other three seasons in each year. There was significant association with specific climate variables such as temperature, moisture, and humidity. Conclusion: There is a marked seasonal variation of malaria in Karachi, influenced by various environmental factors. Identification of the ‘the concentrated period’ of malaria can be helpful for policymakers to deploy malaria control interventions. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1712 How to cite this:Herekar F, Iftikhar S, Nazish A, Rehman S. Malaria and the climate in Karachi: An eight year review. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S33-S37. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1712 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals The relationship between premenstrual syndrome and anger

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Yeşildere Sağlam ◽  
Fatma Basar
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Anger Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a significant disorder affecting the daily life of women of reproductive age. The aims of this study was to determine the PMS prevalence and the examination of the relationship between PMS and anger. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. The study was carried out with 720 women between the ages of 15-49 living in the province of Kutahya, Turkey. A Personal Information Form, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) were used to collect data. Results: The PMS prevalence was 48.75%. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of constant anger, anger-in, anger-out and anger control subscales (p <0.001). The average scores of women with PMS for constant anger anger-in and anger-out was significantly higher. The anger control scores were at a significantly lower level. Conclusion: Women with PMS had higher anger and lower anger control levels. It should be advisable to recommend anger control management and provide social support so these women can cope with the symptoms. The result of our study emphasizes the importance of careful assessment of anger in women with premenstrual symptoms. How to cite this:Saglam HY, Basar F. The relationship between premenstrual syndrome and anger. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.232 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The relationship between naldemedine administration and the maximum dose of oral opioids.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 818-818
Author(s):  
Shinya Kajiura ◽  
Shingo Chikaoka ◽  
Ayaka Kadota ◽  
Sakie Fukai ◽  
Takako Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Day Range ◽  
Opioid Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Starting Date ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship

818 Background: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most common side effect of opioid therapy. Laxatives are usually used as a first-line treatment for OIC. Treatment options for OIC are switching to other opioids associated with less frequent OIC, such as Fentanyl. Naldemedine is an orally active peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonists that was approved in Japan from 2017 for management of cancer-related OIC. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between Naldemedine administration and the maximum dose of oral Oxycodone which is the most frequently used oral opioids at our hospital. Methods: During June 2017 and December 2018, a total of 217 patients with cancer-related pain received Oxycodone at our institution. The first group of the patients concurrently received Naldemedine 0.2 mg daily (group A, n = 101), and the second group didn’t receive it (group B, n = 116) for cancer-related OIC reduction. We compared the maximum Oxycodone dose between two groups by medical record retrospectively. Results: The median age of group A was 69 y.o. (range 20-87 y.o.), and the median age of group B was 67 y.o. (range 27-88y.o.). There was no significant difference in common patient background between group A and B. The median dose of maximum Oxycodone dose of group A was 40 mg/day (range 10-480 mg/day), and that of group B was 20 mg/day (range 10-320 mg/day). There was a significant difference in the median dose of maximum Oxycodone between group A and B (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001). In Group A, the administration was started in 31 patient Naldemedine and Oxycodone at the same time. As for 70 remaining patients, the administration was started when they had constipation after oxycodone was administrated. In those patients, the median days was 19 days from the Oxycodone administration starting date to the Naldemedine administration starting date. Conclusions: Naldemedine administration in patients with cancer-related OIC may increase the maximum dose of oral Oxycodone.

scholarly journals Comparison of within 7 Day All-Cause Mortality among HDU Patients with Modified Early Warning Score of ≥5 with those with Score of <5

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Ahmed Sahikh ◽  
Avinash Punshi ◽  
Mohan Lal Talreja ◽  
Tazeen Rasheed ◽  
Nimrah Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Score ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Open Access Article

Objective: To compare 7-Day All-Cause Mortality among HDU Patients with Modified Early Warning Score of ≥5 with Those with Score of <5. Methods: All patients of age more than 18 years, of either gender admitted in HDU of Medical Unit-II, CHK between September 2019 to February 2020 were included. MEWS was calculated for each patient at time of admission. Patients with MEWS score of ≥5 were allocated to Group-A and those with score of <5 were allocated to Group-B. Patients were followed for seven days and outcome status of alive, expired or discharged was noted. Results: Total of 336 patients were selected out of which 168 patients was inducted in Group-A and 168 patients in Group-B. MEWS Score in patients who expired was significantly higher (Mdn=11) than in those who survived (Mdn=4), p <.001. 7-day mortality in Group-A was 62 (39.9%) while in Group-B was 40 (23.8%). ROC was plotted of MEWS Score for mortality, it showed significant area under curve of 68.4% (p <0.001, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.75). MEWS Score of 3.5 showed sensitivity of 89.2% and specificity of 65%. Conclusion: Our results show that MEWS has a positive trend to predict mortality. MEWS score of 3.5 is suggested cut off based on ROC in our study. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2832 How to cite this:Shaikh MA, Punshi A, Talreja ML, Rasheed T, Bader N, Zuberi BF. Comparison of within 7 Day All-Cause Mortality among HDU Patients with Modified Early Warning Score of ≥5 with those with Score of <5. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2832 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of the prostasin gene in hypertensive pregnant Pakistani females

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Ejaz ◽  
Anwar Ali ◽  
Sumaira Riffat ◽  
Kamran Azim ◽  
Atif Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective: The study was performed to investigate the association of hypertension in pregnancy with prostasin gene polymorphism in Pakistani females. Methods: This case-control study was performed at University of Karachi, Pakistan from April 2018 to May 2019. A total of 160 females, including 90 hypertensives and 70 healthy pregnant females, were recruited by purposive sampling after obtaining informed written consent. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: The frequencies of the TC and CC genotypes were higher in hypertensive pregnant females compared to healthy controls. A significant difference was evident for CC (P=0.012) genotype; however, no significant difference was observed for TC (P=0.49) and TT genotypes (P=0.06) between control and hypertensive groups. The adjusted odds ratio for CC genotype was 6.2 (P=0.025) and 1.48 (P=0.44) for TC genotype compared to the TT genotype. There was a significantly higher prevalence of the C allele of the prostasin gene at rs12597511 in the hypertensive group, suggesting that this allele is a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: C allele at rs12597511 of prostasin gene demonstrate as a risk factor for having hypertension in pregnancy. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3666 How to cite this:Ejaz S, Ali A, Riffat S, Azim K, Mahmood A. Genetic polymorphism of the prostasin gene in hypertensive pregnant Pakistani females. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):109-113. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3666 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals The Effect of Body Posture Changes and Central Corneal Thickness on Intraocular Pressure among Healthy Malays

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiah RASHIDI ◽  
Md Muziman Syah MD MUSTAFA ◽  
Norsham AHMAD ◽  
Megat Ahmad Fadhil MEGAT BASRI ◽  
Nor Ariza MOHAMMAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corneal Apex

Purpose: To study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP), posture, and central corneal thickness (CCT) among healthy Malays. Method: Thirty-four young adults had their IOPs measured using a handheld tonometer (Accutome, Pennsylvania, USA) after maintaining 5 min at four different postures; sitting upright, supine, supine & 45° inclination, and prone positions. The sequences of the postures were made random. CCT was measured using Oculus Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), and the value at the corneal apex was taken. Participants were grouped into Group A with CCT of < 550 μm, and Group B of > 550 μm. Results: The highest IOP was recorded at the prone position 23.77±2.71 mmHg (p < 0.001), and the lowest was at sitting upright 15.43±2.67 mmHg (p < 0.001). IOP at the supine position was 17.31±3.07 mmHg, and at the supine & 45° inclination position was 16.00±2.80 mmHg. IOPs were significantly different between sitting upright and supine (p = 0.03), between sitting upright and prone (p < 0.001), between supine and prone (p < 0.001), and between supine & inclined 45° and prone (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in IOPs between Group A and Group B at different postures (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Change in body posture significantly affects IOP, with the lowest IOP during the sitting upright position, and the highest at the prone position. IOP change upon posture shifts was not affected by CCT.

scholarly journals Salivary Interleukin 1-beta levels and clinical periodontal parameters in habitual naswar users and non-users

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaeem Arif Abbasi ◽  
Naila Irum Hadi ◽  
Adnan Mustafa Zubairi ◽  
Mervyn Hosein
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Open Access Article

Objectives: Aim of our study was to assess the expression of salivary Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and clinical periodontal parameters in naswar users and non-users (controls). Methods: Eighty four individuals (forty-two naswar users and forty-two controls) were included in the study which was conducted between August 2017 and May 2018. Salivary IL-1β levels, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was assessed in all the participants. Results: PD of 4mm (p<0.05), PD of 5-6mm (p<0.05), CAL (p<0.001) and levels of salivary IL1β (p<0.05) were significantly higher among naswar users as compared to controls while PI, BOP and number of missing teeth showed no significant difference among the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Periodontal inflammatory conditions were worse and salivary IL-1β levels were elevated in naswar users as compared to controls. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.10 How to cite this:Abbasi ZA, Hadi NI, Zubairi AM, Hosein M. Salivary Interleukin 1-beta levels and clinical periodontal parameters in habitual naswar users and non-users. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.10 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Pediatric Tracheotomy: Comparison of surgical technique with early and late complications in 273 cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Gumussoy
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Intubation Time ◽  
Early Complications ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the early and late complications of tracheotomy in pediatric patient, with respect to surgical techniques. Methods: The relationship between demographic characteristics, surgical techniques obtained from the files of the children and complications developing after surgery were compared retrospectively. Results: One hundred fifty two out of 273 developed complications after tracheotomy. Among these, 75 were early complications and 77 were late complications. Results obtained concerning early complications showed a significant difference between Skin incision and Bleeding and Accidental decannulation; Tracheal incision and Subcutaneous emphysema; surgical time and accidental decannulation and tube/ventilation problem; Surgeon’s skill level and bleeding. As regards late complications there was a significant difference between Intubation Time and Stomal-tracheal granulation; Tracheal incision and Stomal infection; Surgeon’s skill level and Stomal-tracheal granulation. Conclusions: In pediatric tracheotomy the preferred skin incision and tracheal incision, surgeon’s experience, tracheotomoy time and intubation time are important as regards development of early or late complications. How to cite this:Gumussoy M. Pediatric Tracheotomy: Comparison of surgical technique with early and late complications in 273 cases. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):247-251. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.132 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Metronidazole Gels in the management of gingivitis. A clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Panhwar ◽  
Shazia Perveen Rajpur ◽  
Eisha Abrar ◽  
Mansour Alqutub ◽  
Tariq Abduljabbar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Root Planning

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the topical application of chlorohexidine (CHX) and Metronidazole (MTZ) gels, individually and in combination in patients with gingivitis for up to 12 weeks follow-up. Methods: The clinical trial was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Institute of Dentistry from 1st March 2019 to 1st March 2020. Patients were selected based on inclusion criteria. Out of 125 screened patients, ninety-nine patients agreed to participate in the study. At the beginning of study all patients were assessed for gingival inflammation by using gingival index (GI) (Loe and silness, 1963). Scaling root planning (SRP) was performed in all patients. Subjects were randomly selected in three groups (n=33 each). In Group-A CHX gel was applied, Group-B Metronidazole gel was applied and the combination of two was applied to patients of Group-C. Patient follow up was done and gingival parameters were assessed at baseline, fourth week and twelve weeks. Apart from the clinical evaluation, a subjective evaluation was also undertaken. Significance level of 0.05 and a desired study power of at least 80% was estimated. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test for comparison was used within groups. Results: A significant improvement in gingival scores was noted in all groups from baseline. At 4 weeks CHX (1.25±0.21) MTZ (1.81±0.38) CHX+MTZ (1.29±0.34) compared to baseline CHX (2.77±0.24) MTZ (2.84±0.54) CHX+MTZ (2.74±0.31) demonstrated substantial improvement (p<0.001). However, gingival scores showed inclination at 12 weeks CHX (1.18±0.41) MTZ (1.21±0.48) CHX+MTZ (1.11±0.14) with no significant difference to week 4 (p>0.001). Conclusion: Local MTZ gel and MTZ+CHX gel showed effectiveness similar to CHX gel application adjunct to scaling and root planning in the treatment of gingivitis. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4236 How to cite this:Panhwar M, Rajpar SP, Abrar E, Alqutub M, Abduljabbar T. Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Metronidazole Gels in the management of gingivitis. A clinical trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4236 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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