scholarly journals COMPARATIVE INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF NATURAL CA-AMPHIBOLES

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
E. Theodosoglou ◽  
A. Koroneos ◽  
K. M. Paraskevopoulos ◽  
G. Christofides ◽  
L. Papadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Species ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Site

Powder IR spectra of natural Ca-amphiboles were studied in the spectral range 4000 to 400 cm'1. The examined samples are: actinolite, tremolite, Mg-hornblende and pargasite. According to their spectra all the minerals of the four species present common features at 3658-3660, 919, 683-687, 661-668, 505-513, 457-464 and 419 cm . Additionally to these bands, the spectra of the actinolites, tremolites and Mghornblendes present common characteristics at 3673, 1094-1098, 989-998, 951, 752-758 and 441-449 cm'1. Moreover, six absorption bands are shown in the spectra of the pargasites at 3690, 981-984, 931, 805-811, 734 and 696-698 cm'1, in addition to the common bands appeared in all Ca-amphiboles, which do not appear in the spectra of the actinolites, tremolites and Mg-hornblendes. The spectra of pargasites are remarkably different from the spectra of the other three mineral species. These discrepancies could be attributed to differences in the structure of pargasites relative to the other three species as well as to the occupancy of the A site especially with Na+.

THE INFLUENCE OF FAIR COMPETITION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Camille Carbonnaux
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
The Common ◽  
European Competition Law

Since the 1990s, European judicial and normative institutions have paid particular attention to the competitive practices of public undertakings. Consequently, their regime is governed by a significant number of rules pursuing objectives appearing, a priori, contradictory. In fact, public undertakings may experience difficulties in their management. In this context, an approach of public competition law through the prism of fair competition can be very useful. Regarding the uniformity of its judgment, fair competition appears as an objective capable of coordinating rules and overcoming their contradictions. It thereby offers a global and coherent reading plan of all the legal translations of the European competitive order being of some practical importance. In illuminating the common features of the different legal aspects of competition, we can easily switch from one to the other. It therefore makes the European approach to competition more accessible and understandable. Furthermore, and most importantly, it leads to identifying legal opportunities and threats in a cross-disciplinary way. So, from a “Law & Management” perspective, it appears to be a precious tool for the management of public undertakings. Key words: European competition law, public undertakings, fair competition, “Management & law”.

FT-IR Spectroscopic Study of 1,5-Pentanedithiol and 1,6-Hexanedithiol Adsorbed on NaA, CaA and NaY Zeolites

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuri Öztürk ◽  
Çağrı Çırak ◽  
Semiha Bahçeli
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Nay Zeolites

The adsorption of 1,5-pentanedithiol (1,5-PDT) and 1,6-hexanedithiol (1,6-HDT) in liquid phases on NaA (or 4A-type), CaA (or 5A-type) and NaY zeolites has been studied by using infrared spectroscopy. From the IR spectra it is found that the peak positions of the symmetric as well as the antisymmetric modes of the methylene (CH2) groups are observed at almost the same band values for the title dithiolates adsorbed on the A-type and NaY zeolites. On the other hand, the weak SH stretching vibration, observed for all samples, can be attributed to the sulphure atoms of 1,5-PDT and 1,6-HDT coordinatively adsorbed on cationic sites of the zeolites.

FTIR STUDY ON MOLECULAR CONTAMINATION ON SURFACE OF OPTICAL MATERIALS

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 3860-3865 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAHIRO KATOH ◽  
NOBUAKI OKANO ◽  
TOSHIHIDE HORIKAWA ◽  
TAHEI TOMIDA ◽  
NOBUNARI ITOH
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Bending Vibration ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Optical Disks ◽  
Molecular Contaminants

The IR spectra of the molecular contaminants on surface of optical materials were measured. The optical disks used were SiO 2, BK7 ( SiO 2 70%, B 2 O 3 10%, K 2 O 8%, N 2 O 8%), CaF 2, ZnSe and Al 2 O 3. N 2, O 2, H 2 O , and CO 2 were adopted as contamination gases. IR spectra of H 2 O (2.7kPa) on BK7 at 373K showed two absorption bands ( OH stretching vibration: around 4000cm-1-3500cm-1 and OH bending vibration: around 2000cm-1-1500cm-1). The absorption intensity decreased with a decrease in temperature and a new band (around 3250cm-1) appeared at 173K. The new band was attributed to phase transition of H 2 O . These phenomena were also observed on the other three discs, except for SiO 2. IR spectra of SiO 2 showed OH stretching band (3676cm-1). The absorption intensity decreased with a decrease in temperature. But two new bands (3720cm-1 and 3620cm-1) appeared under an atmosphere of N 2 (66.5kPa), O 2 (66.5kPa), H 2 O (2.7kPa) or CO 2 (0.7 or 13.3kPa). A similar phenomenon was also observed for BK7, which has OH group. These results suggested the functional group of SiOH interacted with contamination molecules.

Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Trifluoromethoxybenzene⋯Methanol Complexes Formed in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar Kumar Roy ◽  
Devendra Mani ◽  
Gerhard Schwaab ◽  
Martina Havenith
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Superfluid Helium ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Intermolecular Complex ◽  
Helium Droplets ◽  
Helium Nanodroplets ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic

We have studied the intermolecular complex formation between trifluoromethoxybenzene and methanol (CD3OD) by infrared spectroscopy in superfluid helium droplets in the spectral range of 2630 and 2730 cm-1, covering the...

scholarly journals “WORDS OF THE YEAR” IN UKRAINIAN STANDARD LANGUAGE AS REPRESENTATIVES OF CHANGES IN THE LINGUAL WORLD MODEL OF UKRAINIANS

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Bohomolets-Barash
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short List ◽  
World Model ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Modern Design ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Common

The article attempts to identify changes that have occurred in the lingual world model of Ukrainians in recent years. The results of the “Word of the Year” contest in Ukraine served as the material for observation and analysis. Every year the online dictionary of neologisms and slang of the modern Ukrainian language “Myslovo” declares the “word of the year” – the most socially significant, popular and used word. Other nominees in the short list for the award are also important words to indicate current phenomena, events, concepts or persons. Usually, “modern” words fall into the nomination. Such lexemes are contemporary (reflect current events in the society), universal (formed by the new-fashioned trends), popular (are in the center of public thought and debate). Thus, in 2013 the “word of the year” became “Euromaidan”, in 2014 – “cyborgs”, in 2015 – “blockade”. In 2016, “corruption” became much more relevant, in 2017 the most popular was “bezviz” (visa-free regime), and in 2018 originally Greek word “tomos” became widely used. Therefore, the chosen “words of the year” (and nominees for this award) act as lexical representatives of those phenomena and events that are of the most concern for the society, and consequently have impact on the lingual world model of Ukrainians. The results of the Ukrainian competition were compared with the results of the similar contests in other countries, in particular, Belarus and Russia. Using comparative analysis, the common features of the Ukrainian and Belarussian lingual world models of XXI century were revealed as well as the opposite views of Ukrainians and Russians on important socio-political phenomena. For example, Belarusians use the loanword from Ukrainian “vyshyvanka” (‘colloquial name for the embroidered shirt in Ukrainian and Belarusian national costumes’) from which the derived word – neologism “vyshymaika” (‘colloquial name for the t-shirt that combines tradional embroidery with the modern design’) was formed. The imperial ambitions of Russians were verbalized in the politically motivated neologism-hashtag “#krymnash”(Crimea is ours), which became the “Word of the Year 2014” in Russia. Therefore, it can be claimed that the XXI century Ukrainian standart language is being enriched with new lexemes that are gradually being used by Ukrainians, becoming part of their lingual world model. These words may be partially (see “Euromaidan”, “bezviz”) or completely (see “tomos”) adopted from the other donor languages, but, as practice shows, they are being organically incorporated into the Ukrainian usus.

scholarly journals Потенциал иронии в творчестве Людмилы Петрушевской (на примере романа Нас украли. История преступлений)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Юлия Брюханова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Significant Element ◽  
Philosophical Aspect ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

Many researchers of Lyudmila Petrushevskaya’s works draw attention to the irony which is the significant element of her prose, drama and poetry. It is important that the ironic principle manifests itself not only as an artistic technique but also as a philosophical aspect. Irony demonstrates the ambivalence of reality. On the one hand, it ridicules and profanes everything. On the other hand, irony gives the certitude of the ontological status of reality. We can see a good example of this function of irony in the novel Nas ukrali. Istoriya prestupleniy (2017). This novel shows the common features of Petrushevskaya’s works – the unity of ironic potential and language. In this case, language is not only the style but first of all the ontological element. This is why the language becomes almost a character in Petrushevskaya’s novel. Irony opens the vital potential of the linguistic personality. As a result, one of the heroes imitates foreign speech but doesn’t speak a foreign language. Irony also helps to reveal the ambivalent nature of life. It shows that our “umora” in Sanskrit and in ancient Indian is “humour” and “death”. So, the game and profanity not only reduce the status of the hero, the image, or the reader’s expectations but, first of all, fill the gap between words, ideas, feelings, and people.

Photo-Oxidation of an IR Vulcanizate

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichiro Yano
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Uv And Ir Spectra

Abstract On irradiation with uv light, changes in uv and ir spectra were observed. In the uv spectrum, a minimum at 290 nm due to sulfur, dibenzothiazyl disulfide, and double bonds in the main chains disappeared initially by the consumption of them; but the minimum reappeared on further irradiation reflecting the formation of carbonyl groups. On the other hand, in the ir spectrum two absorption bands appeared at 1720 cm−1 (due to carbonyl groups) and 3450 cm−1 (due to hydroxyl groups). The latter band faded out suggesting the decomposition of hydroperoxides when the vulcanizate was kept in the dark after irradiation. From the findings of the wavelength dependence of photo-oxidation on uv and ir spectra, it was found that the degradation occurred below about 430 nm. However, investigation of the wavelength dependence of photo-oxidation by the measurement of the crosslink density gave the results that crosslinking reactions occurred below about 340 nm, scissions of C-C and polysulfide crosslinks between 340 and about 400 nm, and scissions of polysulfide crosslinks between 400 and 600 nm. These were confirmed by measurements of the dynamic modulus during irradiation. The relative modulus E′(t)/E′(0) increased on irradiation with light at 253.7 nm in a longer time region reflecting a crosslinking reaction. On the other hand, on irradiation with light above 330 nm, E′(t)/E′(0) decreased with time. Change in E′(t)/E′(0) could be represented by the equation of the first order reaction containing an exponential term and the rate constant was determined. The activation energy was calculated as 18.6 kcal/mole from the temperature dependence of the rate constant and agreed with that for scission of polysulfide crosslinks. The photodegradation of the IR vulcanizate occurred also on irradiation with visible light (> 430 nm), and the modulus decreased.

scholarly journals Vibrational Spectrum of HMX at CO2 Laser Wavelengths: A Combined DRIFT and LPAS Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Puiu ◽  
G. Giubileo ◽  
S. Nunziante Cesaro
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectrum ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽  
Laser Light Source ◽  
Good Agreement

The vibrational spectrum of solid standard HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) was investigated. Two spectroscopic techniques were adopted for their different sensitivity and resolution. A preliminary survey of the absorption bands of the compound was performed in the 8000–400 cm−1 spectral range by employing the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) technique at room temperature. The high-resolution line spectrum of HMX was obtained in the 9.2–10.8 μm spectral range by laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) method, using a line tuneable 10 W stabilised cw CO2 laser light source. By comparing the data collected with the two techniques in the common frequency range, a very good agreement was observed.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Attributes of Academic Certificates: Implications for Policy and Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-55
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER OWUSU-ANSAH ◽  
AUGUSTUS KWAW BREW ◽  
ROSEMARY ADU POKU
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multiple Languages

Educational institutions and employers who depend on the authenticity of academic certificates for making admission and hiring decisions face a considerable challenge in identifying the features of genuine academic certificates including tedious verification processes and wrongful engagement of unqualified personnel. The purpose of this paper was to identify trends in academic certificate production with specific regards to their standard features, such as wording, security enhancements and features, and other unique features, and the extent to which these features contribute to the intrinsic and extrinsic values of certificates. Furthermore, the paper investigates the extent to which selected universities replace lost or damaged certificates. The study employed a qualitative design involving document and web content analysis. To address the central question of the study, the authors analysed the standard features of academic certificates issued by 20 universities across the globe. Furthermore, we performed a web content analysis to find policies or guidelines on the replacement of academic certificates. The results revealed that while academic certificates from the selected institutions bore a few unique characteristics, most of the certificates, however, bore many common features. Some of the common features included the location of the emblem/logo of the on the certificate, date of the award, degree name, signature specimen of top officials, and security features such as holograms. On the other hand, unique features included some certificates displaying a statement on the availability of electronic certificates, rendering of the university’s name in multiple languages, among others. The study also found that lost or mutilated certificates are replaced by European-based universities, whereas those in Africa did not. Among others, the paper recommended that awarding institutions in Africa should consider re-issuing lost or destroyed certificates.

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