scholarly journals Sevoflurane and its use in veterinary practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
G. I. MANTZIARAS (Γ. ΜΑΝΤΖΙΑΡΑΣ) ◽  
N. KOSTOMTSOPOULOS (Ν. ΚΩΣΤΟΜΗΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
D. RAPTOPOULOS (Δ. ΡΑΠΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Isopropyl Ether ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In clinical practice die anaesthetist often faces die dilemma of choosing die best fitting agem from a wide variety of injectable and volatile anaesdietic drugs. Meanwhile, die continuous progress of anaesthesiology offers new drugs and modern Techniques, making die final choice even more difficult. Sevoflurane is a new volatile anaesthetic agent, which is nowadays increasingly used in veterinary anaesthesia. It is a fluorinated derivative of methyl- isopropyl-ether. At room temperature it is a non-flammable, non-explosive, colourless liquid, with a pleasant smell. The aim of this review article is to present the basic attributes of sevoflurane and its use in veterinary practice. Its most important physical and chemical properties and their clinical implications, as well as its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, metabolism and potential toxicity are presented. Furthermore, sevoflurane is compared with other commonly used volatile anaesthetic agents and its use in anaesthesia of various companion, large and laboratory animals is discussed. Examples of sevoflurane administration, and of possible combinations with other drugs used in veterinary anaesthesia, are also given.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Three Volatile Anaesthetic Agent Monitors

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Ilsley ◽  
J. L. Plummer ◽  
W. B. Runciman ◽  
M. J. Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Anesthetic Agent ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Source Signal ◽  
Rate Of Response

Three volatile anaesthetic agent monitors (Datex Normac Anesthetic Agent Monitor, Engstrom Emma Multigas Monitor and Penlon Halothane Meter) were evaluated for the effects of nitrous oxide or water vapour, and for their linearity, stability, and rate of response to a change in concentration of various anaesthetic agents under simulated working conditions. None was affected by nitrous oxide, and only the Engstrom Emma was affected by water vapour. Linearity was satisfactory for all three devices but stability, with respect to zero and gain drift, was satisfactory only for the Datex Normac and Penlon Meter. Rates of response for 10% to 90% of source signal ranged from 0.8 seconds for the Datex Normac to about three seconds for the Penlon Meter.

Current Pharmaceutical Aspects of Synthetic Quinoline Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Tabassum ◽  
Muhammad Ashfaq ◽  
Hiroyuki Oku
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Quinoline Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract:: Quinoline derivatives are considered as broad spectrum pharmacological compounds that exhibit wide range of biological activities. Integration of quinoline moiety can improve its physical and chemical properties and also pharmacological behavior. Due to its wide range of pharmaceutical applications it is very popular compound to design new drugs for treatment of multiple diseases like cancer, dengue fever, malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections, AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes . In this review our major focus is to pay attention on biological activities of quinoline compounds in treatment of these diseases such as, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-tubercular and anti-diabetic.

The alkaloidal content of blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and its toxicity on small laboratory animals

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carl Gordon ◽  
James H. M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Method Of Extraction

1. A method of extraction and isolation of the alkaloid of blue lupine was adopted for small samples of the various plant parts: seeds, leaves and pods.2. From the evidence presented, it is shown that the seeds of blue lupine contain a higher percentage of crude alkaloid, than do the pods and leaves. On the basis of the extractions and isolation, seeds contained as much as 2·25%, leaves were found to contain 0·69%, and pods contained 1·46%.3. The alkaloid isolated was identified as D-lupanine by its characteristic physical and chemical properties. The anhydrous monohydrochloride salt was prepared in pure form and from it were obtained samples of the pure free base, d-lupanine.4. Toxicity determinations, involving the injection of water solutions of the crude free base, hydrochloride salt and the pure free base, administered intraperitoneally in guinea-pigs, rats and mice were carried out. Mice were found to be most susceptible, rats less susceptible, and guineapigs least susceptible to the effect of the various solutions injected. The minimal lethal dose (m.l.d.) is given for all three species of animals, and in addition the 50% lethal doses l.d. 50 are given for mice. The purest samples were the most toxic.5. The symptoms shown by guinea-pigs, rats and mice poisoned by the alkaloid are similar. Gross pathology of the animals killed indicated death by asphyxiation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and physical-chemical properties of 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-α-methylbenzylxanthine derivatives

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
D. G. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Dioxane ◽  
Capillary Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The level of modern pharmaceutical science development is determined by the introduction in medical practice of new effective and non-toxic drugs. The problem of new drugs search depends on the presence in the arsenal of pharmacologists significant amount of original and promising bioactive compounds. In this aspect a special role is given to synthetic compounds of natural origin, which are successfully used in medical practice. Recent researches of national and foreign scientists suggest significant perspective synthetic xanthine derivatives in the creation of new drugs with various effects. The aim of this paper is synthesis of 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-α-methylbenzylxanthine derivatives, unspecified in scientific papers earlier, and to study their physical and chemical properties. The melting point has been determined by open capillary method on the device PTP (M). Elemental analysis has been performed on the device Elementar Vario L cube. NMR spectra have been taken using spectrometer Bruker SF-200. Synthesis of 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-α-methylbenzylxanthine was performed through boiling of 8-bromo-3-methylxanthine together with α-methylbenzylchloride. Having applied the reaction of the latter with an excess of a primary or secondary heterocyclic amine in the methoxyethanol environment, a range of corresponding 8-aminosubstituted 3-methylxanthine has been obtained. The heating of initial syntone with an excess of hydrazine hydrate in aqueous dioxane environment leads to the formation of 8-hydrazinoxanthine. Corresponding 8-(indolon-2-ylidene-3)-hydrazinoxanthines have been obtained through short-time heating up 8-hydrazinoxanthine with N-substituted isatin in aqueous dioxane environment. Structure of synthesized compounds has been definitely proved by NMR-spectroscopy. Simple laboratory method has been elaborated to synthesize 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-α-methylbenzylxanthine, which is initial compound for further chemical modification of xanthine molecule. Reactions of 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-α-methylbenzylxanthine with N-containing nucleophiles have been investigated. This allowed to obtain the previously undescribed 8-amino- and 8-hydrazinosubstituted 3-methyl-7-α-methylbenzylxanthine. Physical and chemical properties of new synthesized compounds have been studied. A synthetic perspective of the obtained substances has been shown.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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