The alkaloidal content of blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and its toxicity on small laboratory animals

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carl Gordon ◽  
James H. M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Method Of Extraction

1. A method of extraction and isolation of the alkaloid of blue lupine was adopted for small samples of the various plant parts: seeds, leaves and pods.2. From the evidence presented, it is shown that the seeds of blue lupine contain a higher percentage of crude alkaloid, than do the pods and leaves. On the basis of the extractions and isolation, seeds contained as much as 2·25%, leaves were found to contain 0·69%, and pods contained 1·46%.3. The alkaloid isolated was identified as D-lupanine by its characteristic physical and chemical properties. The anhydrous monohydrochloride salt was prepared in pure form and from it were obtained samples of the pure free base, d-lupanine.4. Toxicity determinations, involving the injection of water solutions of the crude free base, hydrochloride salt and the pure free base, administered intraperitoneally in guinea-pigs, rats and mice were carried out. Mice were found to be most susceptible, rats less susceptible, and guineapigs least susceptible to the effect of the various solutions injected. The minimal lethal dose (m.l.d.) is given for all three species of animals, and in addition the 50% lethal doses l.d. 50 are given for mice. The purest samples were the most toxic.5. The symptoms shown by guinea-pigs, rats and mice poisoned by the alkaloid are similar. Gross pathology of the animals killed indicated death by asphyxiation.

scholarly journals Potential of dredged bioremediated marine sediment for strawberry cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Martínez-Nicolás ◽  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Dámaris Núñez-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Martínez-Font ◽  
Francisca Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Culture Substrate ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractFor the maintenance of the economic activity of the ports, it is necessary to dredge the marine sediments in order to guarantee their depth. These sediments, considered by European legislation as residues, present relevant limitations of use and generate environmental and economic problems concerning their final disposal. In this context, the present work aims to identify the phytoremediated dredged sediments potential as an alternative to the traditional substrate (peat) in horticultural growing through two-years controlled strawberry cultivation. The growing media mixes used were: (1) 100% peat (Pt) as a control substrate; (2) 100% dredged remediated sediment (DRS); (3) 50% each (Pt-DRS). The dredged sediment, plant drainage and strawberry plant parts (leaves, stems, roots, and fruits) were analyzed to mineral elements, heavy metal contents, and pesticide residues (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and specific fumigants) during the experimental period. Only seven (Mn, Fe, Zn, Mo, Al, Mn and Ni) of the twenty-two metals and two (nitrates and fluorene) of the six hundred-thirteen pesticides analyzed were detected in the strawberry fruits. In all the cases, values detected were under the Spanish and European legal limit. The suitability of strawberry fruits for fresh and/or processed consumption with no risk was confirmed. Based on the results, can be affirmed that the dredged remediated sediment can be used as a culture substrate, alone or mixed with other substrates. Additional researches should be carried out to confirm the sediment characteristics and compare with other substrates to improve the physical and chemical properties.

Ratios of strontium-85 to cations for crops and soils of Greece

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Papanicolaou ◽  
C. G. Apostolakis ◽  
V. Skarlou ◽  
C. Nobeli ◽  
P. Kritidis
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
And Chemical Properties

SummaryIn a glasshouse pot experiment in Athens, Greece in 1989, 85Sr to calcium observed ratios (OR) based on the values of exchangeable Ca instead of soil Ca (ORexCa), were determined for crops or plant parts grown in eight soils widely differing in their physical and chemical properties. Compared to the values of concentration ratio (CRs) the values of ORexCa did not show as wide variation with the soil type. They were relatively constant and usually not related to soil properties. The ORexCa values were essentially the same as OR values for the non-calcareous soils and much smaller than the OR values for calcareous soils, considering as soil Ca in the calculation of OR, the sum exchangeable, watersoluble and CaCO3 Ca.The values of 85Sr/Ca + Mg observed ratios (ORexCaMg) were just as good as the ORexCa values, while those of 85Sr/Ca + Mg + K + Na (ORex bases) showed more variation.Highly significant (P <0·01) correlations were observed between the fractions of the observed ratios ORexCa, ORexCaMg and ORex bases, for each crop or plant part tested.

scholarly journals Sevoflurane and its use in veterinary practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
G. I. MANTZIARAS (Γ. ΜΑΝΤΖΙΑΡΑΣ) ◽  
N. KOSTOMTSOPOULOS (Ν. ΚΩΣΤΟΜΗΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
D. RAPTOPOULOS (Δ. ΡΑΠΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Isopropyl Ether ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In clinical practice die anaesthetist often faces die dilemma of choosing die best fitting agem from a wide variety of injectable and volatile anaesdietic drugs. Meanwhile, die continuous progress of anaesthesiology offers new drugs and modern Techniques, making die final choice even more difficult. Sevoflurane is a new volatile anaesthetic agent, which is nowadays increasingly used in veterinary anaesthesia. It is a fluorinated derivative of methyl- isopropyl-ether. At room temperature it is a non-flammable, non-explosive, colourless liquid, with a pleasant smell. The aim of this review article is to present the basic attributes of sevoflurane and its use in veterinary practice. Its most important physical and chemical properties and their clinical implications, as well as its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, metabolism and potential toxicity are presented. Furthermore, sevoflurane is compared with other commonly used volatile anaesthetic agents and its use in anaesthesia of various companion, large and laboratory animals is discussed. Examples of sevoflurane administration, and of possible combinations with other drugs used in veterinary anaesthesia, are also given.

TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PREPARATION SUBMASTIN-KRS IN AN ACUTE EXPERIMENT ON LABORATORY ANIMALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
S.V. Shabunin ◽  
◽  
G.A. Vostroilova ◽  
V.A. Gritsyuk ◽  
Yu.A. Chaplygina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rats And Mice

The article presents the results of toxicometric assessment of Submastin-KRS in an acute experiment on white laboratory rats and mice when it is intragastrically and intramuscularly administered. The preparation was administered once into the stomach using a metal atraumatic probe at a dose range from 2000,0 to 27 mg/kg. A single injection volume was 500,0 ml (mouse) and 0,5 ml (rat); intramuscularly – at doses from 5,0 to 1200,0 mg/kg in a volume of 21 ml per mouse and 250,0 ml per rat. The animals of the Placebo group, administered the preparation in the same volume and by the same method of administration, received sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution. It was found that in case of the tested methods of administration in the range of the studied doses of the preparation, there was no deaths of animals, therefore, the mean lethal dose (LD0,25) of the preparation Submastin-KRS was not determined. Consequently, the experimental data obtained make it possible to classify the dosage form of the preparation Submastin-KRS to low-hazard substances.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of tigernut oil as influenced by variety and method of extraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Afuape Zainab Oluwakemi ◽  
Oke Emmanuel Kehinde ◽  
Idowu Michael Ayodele ◽  
Olorode Omobolanle Omowunmi ◽  
Omoniyi Saheed Adewale
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was carried out to investigate the physical and chemical properties of tigernut oil as influenced by variety and methods of extraction. Oil was extracted from yellow and brown varieties of tigernut using mechanical screw press and N-hexane, and it was characterized for physical and chemical composition. The moisture content, acid value, free fatty acid, iodine value, saponification value and peroxide value for tigernut oil from extraction methods ranged from 2.97 to 3.30%, 0.28 to 0.56mgKOH/g, 0.55 to 1.12g/100g, 66.11 to 69.75gI/100g, 174.93 to 210.06mgKOHg and 0.27 to 0.56MgH2O2, respectively. The range of values for specific gravity, percentage impurity, cloud point, smoke point and melting point are: 0.64 to 0.99g/ml, 0.15 to 0.24%, 9.00 to 25.5°C, 170.5 to 204.5°C and 18.0 to 28.5°C, respectively. However, the study showed that both the physical and chemical composition of tigernut oil were affected by the extraction methods used in this study.

Some effects of urease administration on laboratory animals

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Dang ◽  
W. J. Visek
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Jack Bean Urease ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Histopathological Effects

A total of 850 mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits were employed in the evaluation of the acute and subacute effects of crystalline jack bean urease following single or repeated administrations. The acute ld50 values in units per kilogram body weight for rats and mice by route of administration were: intraperitoneal (i.p.) 50; intravenous (i.v.) 20–25; and subcutaneous 50–58. The acute i.p. and i.v. ld50 values for rabbits were 25 and 6 units, respectively. For guinea pigs the i.p. ld50 was about 35 units. Growth of urease-treated rats and mice was equal to control whereas guinea pigs failed to grow as rapidly as their saline-treated controls. Urease-treated mice and rats had higher titers of serum antiurease than guinea pigs. Ammonia concentrations and urease activity in the gastrointestinal tract plus contents were markedly reduced in rats, mice, and guinea pigs indicating that antiurease entered the gastrointestinal tract and inhibited bacterial urease(s). No histopathological effects were noted. The toxicity was not cumulative and all survivors showed normal behavior.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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