scholarly journals Burden of health behaviours and socioeconomic position on health care expenditure in Ontario

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Manuel ◽  
Carol Bennett ◽  
Richard Perez ◽  
Andrew S. Wilton ◽  
Adrian Rohit Dass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Care Costs

Background: Smoking, unhealthy alcohol consumption, poor diet and physical inactivity are leading risk factors for morbidity and mortality, and contribute substantially to overall healthcare costs. The availability of health surveys linked to health care provides population-based estimates of direct healthcare costs. We estimated health behaviour and socioeconomic-attribute healthcare costs, and how these have changed during a period when government policies have aimed to reduce their burden.  Methods: The Ontario samples of the Canadian Community Health Surveys (conducted in 2003, 2005, and 2007-2008) were linked at the individual level to all records of health care use of publicly funded healthcare. Generalized linear models were estimated with a negative binomial distribution to ascertain the relationship of health behaviours and socioeconomic risk factors on health care costs. The multivariable cost model was applied to unlinked, Ontario CCHS samples for each year from 2004 to 2013 to examine the evolution of health behaviour and socioeconomic-attributable direct health care expenditures over a 10-year period. Results: We included 80,749 respondents, aged 25 years and older, and 312,952 person-years of follow-up. The cost model was applied to 200,324 respondents aged 25 years and older (CCHS 2004 to 2013). During the 10-year period from 2004 to 2013, smoking, unhealthy alcohol consumption, poor diet and physical inactivity attributed to 22% of Ontario’s direct health care costs. Ontarians in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic position contributed to 15% of the province’s direct health care costs. Combined, these health behaviour and socioeconomic risk factors were associated with 34% ($134 billion) of direct health care costs (2004 to 2013). Over this time period, we estimated a 1.9% reduction in health care expenditure ($5.0 billion) attributable to improvements in some health behaviours, most importantly reduced rates of smoking. Conclusions: Adverse health behaviours and socioeconomic position cause a large direct health care system cost burden.

scholarly journals Burden of health behaviours and socioeconomic position on health care expenditure in Ontario

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Manuel ◽  
Carol Bennett ◽  
Richard Perez ◽  
Andrew S. Wilton ◽  
Adrian Rohit Dass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Care Costs

Background: Smoking, unhealthy alcohol consumption, poor diet and physical inactivity are leading risk factors for morbidity and mortality, and contribute substantially to overall healthcare costs. The availability of health surveys linked to health care provides population-based estimates of direct healthcare costs. We estimated health behaviour and socioeconomic-attribute healthcare costs, and how these have changed during a period when government policies have aimed to reduce their burden.  Methods: The Ontario samples of the Canadian Community Health Surveys (conducted in 2003, 2005, and 2007-2008) were linked at the individual level to all records of health care use of publicly funded healthcare. Generalized linear models were estimated with a negative binomial distribution to ascertain the relationship of health behaviours and socioeconomic risk factors on health care costs. The multivariable cost model was then applied to unlinked, cross-sectional CCHS samples for each year from 2004 to 2013 to examine the evolution of health behaviour and socioeconomic-attributable direct health care expenditures over a 10-year period. Results: We included 80,749 respondents, aged 25 years and older, and 312,952 person-years of follow-up. The cost model was applied to 200,324 respondents aged 25 years and older (CCHS 2004 to 2013). During the 10-year period from 2004 to 2013, smoking, unhealthy alcohol consumption, poor diet and physical inactivity attributed to 22% of Ontario’s direct health care costs. Ontarians in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic position contributed to 15% of the province’s direct health care costs. Taken together, health behaviours and socioeconomic position were associated with 34% ($134 billion) of direct health care costs (2004 to 2013). Over this time period, we estimated a 1.9% reduction in health care expenditure ($5.0 billion) attributable to improvements in some health behaviours, most importantly reduced rates of smoking. Conclusions: Health behaviours and socioeconomic position cause a large direct health care system cost burden.

scholarly journals CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, OBESITY AND SOCIAL COSTS. THE CASE OF ITALY

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Mancini ◽  
Giuseppe Marotta ◽  
Concetta Nazzaro ◽  
Biagio Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Care Costs

This study analyses the social impact of obesity, focusing on the direct costs and, in particular,on the health-care expenditure. Using different socio-demographic variables and through theuse of Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Partial Least Squares Regression, the analysis: i)confirms the increase of the incidence of overweight and obesity when moving from Northernto Southern Italy; ii) identifies the main variables related to the growth of obesity; iii) highlightsa positive relationship between BMI and health-care costs and an incidence of 6% on theregional health-care costs. These findings confirm the need to define suitable guidelines fordecision makers and practitioners and to introduce mandatory regulations forcing companiesto effectuate product reformulation and achieve food safety. Indeed, asymmetric informationand consumer behaviour make investing in product reformulation undesirable for companiesbecause the use of attractive brands is more effective in influencing the purchasing decisionseven of a conscious consumer. Uninformed consumers often cling to the national brands,which sometimes, behind an image of familiarity and identity, may hide harmful ingredients(hydrogenated fats) or excessive quantities of certain ingredients (sugar, salt, saturatedfat) responsible for an unbalanced diet. Therefore, this justifies the introduction of bindingregulations.Keywords: Consumer Behaviour; Obesity; Social Costs; Health-Care Expenditure; MultivariateModel.

scholarly journals Development of an educational intervention to reduce the burden of adult chronic lung disease in rural India: Inputs from a qualitative study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254534
Author(s):  
Biswajit Paul ◽  
Rita Isaac ◽  
Hemalatha R. ◽  
Paul Jebaraj ◽  
Muthathal S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Factors Influencing

Background Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide with a substantial burden of the disease being borne by the low and middle income countries (LMICs). Interventions to change health behaviour which aim to improve the quality of life and reduce disease burden due to CRD require knowledge of the problem and factors influencing such behaviour. Our study sought to appreciate the lived experiences of people with CRD, their understanding of the disease and its risk factors, and usual practice of health behaviour in a rural low-literate community in southern India. Methods Qualitative data were collected between September and December 2018 through eight focus group discussions (FGDs), five in-depth interviews and four key-informant interviews from patients and community members. Community engagement was undertaken prior to the study and all interviews and discussions were recorded with permission. Inductive coding was used to thematically analyse the results. Results Major themes included understanding of chronic lung disease, health behaviours, lived experiences with the disease and social norms, attitudes and other factors influencing health behaviour. Discussion Poor understanding of CRDs and their risk factors affect health seeking behaviour and/or health practices. Stigma associated with the disease and related health behaviours (e.g. inhaler use) creates emotional challenges and mental health problems, besides influencing health behaviour. However barriers can be circumvented by increasing community awareness; communication and connection with the community through community based health care providers can turn challenges into opportunities for better health care.

PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING THE HEALTH CARE COSTS EFFECTIVENESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Людмила Горшкова ◽  
Lyudmila Gorshkova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs

Assessing the effectiveness of health care expenditure is a major economic task. The most important indicator to assess the effectiveness of health care costs is the expected life expectancy (ELE). Infant mortality is also closely related to DLE. The article substantiates the logarithmic model of the dependence of ELE from health care expenditure (per person for a particular year). Each country is represented by a point on the coordinate plane with an ordinate equal to the ELE in this country and an abscissa equal to the health care expenditure in it. The modeling logarithmic curve is taken as the theoret-ical threshold of the cost-effectiveness: the higher the curve is the point repre-senting the country, the more effective the health care costs in this country, and the lower the threshold curve, the costs are more unprofitable. It is shown that the dependence of ELE from GDP (or GRP by regions of Russia) is not so obvious: although there is a tendency to such a dependence, but with a large number of drop-out values. Despite the achievement of the highest average expected life expectancy in Russia in the country's history, it is significantly lower than in developed countries. The main causes of low expected life expectancy at birth are unsatisfactory health indicators, and as a result, high incidence and disability. Traumatism on the roads and suicides are one of the significant reasons for the low expected life expectancy in Russia and are significantly higher than similar indicators in other countries. The article shows the close correlation between the cost of health care per person and expected life expectancy. However, in the Russian Federation, the share of public expenditure in the structure of aggregate health expenditure is decreasing. Social insurance funds are more than half of the health care public expenditure. The author reveals considerable regional differences in health spending per person and average expected life expectancy. The article highlights the insufficient level of health care costs in Russia as a whole and in regions.

News focuses on individuals for rising health care costs

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sei-Hill Kim ◽  
Andrea H. Tanner ◽  
Soo Yun Kim ◽  
Caroline Foster ◽  
Sang-Hwa Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
News Media ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Social Level

This study examines how the American news media have framed the question of who is responsible for rising healthcare costs in the United States. Commercial pressures seem to influence news media to focus less on such social-level causes as pharmaceutical companies, while patients—an individual-level cause—have been mentioned most frequently as being responsible for rising healthcare costs.

Ten Modifiable Health Risk Factors and Employees’ Medical Costs—An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Z. Goetzel ◽  
Rachel Mosher Henke ◽  
Michael A. Head ◽  
Richele Benevent ◽  
Kyu Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Care Costs

Purpose: To estimate the relationship between employees’ health risks and health-care costs to inform health promotion program design. Design: An observational study of person-level health-care claims and health risk assessment (HRA) data that used regression models to estimate the relationship between 10 modifiable risk factors and subsequent year 1 health-care costs. Setting: United States. Participants: The sample included active, full-time, adult employees continuously enrolled in employer-sponsored health insurance plans contributing to IBM MarketScan Research Databases who completed an HRA. Study criteria were met by 135 219 employees from 11 employers. Measures: Ten modifiable risk factors and individual sociodemographic and health characteristics were included in the models as independent variables. Five settings of health-care costs were outcomes in addition to total expenditures. Analysis: After building the analytic file, we estimated generalized linear models and conducted postestimation bootstrapping. Results: Health-care costs were significantly higher for employees at higher risk for blood glucose, obesity, stress, depression, and physical inactivity (all at P < .0001) than for those at lower risk. Similar cost differentials were found when specific health-care services were examined. Conclusion: Employers may achieve cost savings in the short run by implementing comprehensive health promotion programs that focus on decreasing multiple health risks.

Tort reform: do details matter?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Rachel G. Childers
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Joint Liability ◽  
Joint And Several Liability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract One explanation for increases in health care costs has been malpractice lawsuits. States have introduced several types of tort reforms to control increases in health care costs. This paper adds to the literature by examining how the differences in joint and several liability (JSL) reforms affect the state-specific growth rate in health care expenditures. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential for a fundamental difference between states that pass different types of liability reforms. The results show that JSL reforms that limit joint liability based on percentage of blame have statistically and economically significant impacts on health care expenditure growth rates.

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