scholarly journals Case Report: Isolated lingual dystonia

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Zaland Ahmed Yousafzai ◽  
Wajeeha Qayyum ◽  
Sohail Khan ◽  
Mawara Iftikhar ◽  
Qazi Kamran Amin
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Oromandibular Dystonia ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Lingual Dystonia ◽  
The Face

Oromandibular dystonia is defined as a focal dystonia that manifests as forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue. Lingual dystonia is a rare subtype of oromandibular dystonia that specifically affects the tongue. Multiple etiologies are thought to attribute to oromandibular dystonia, including brain damage, the use of neuroleptic medications, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and viral infections. Idiopathic cases of isolated lingual dystonia are rare and seldom reported in the literature. This report describes a 35-year-old female patient with lingual dystonia that was present at rest and aggravated during speech. Despite detailed history taking and a thorough examination, along with multiple imaging and laboratory studies, no cause could be established and her case was classified as being that of an idiopathic etiology.

scholarly journals Case Report: Isolated Lingual Dystonia

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Zaland Ahmed Yousafzai ◽  
Wajeeha Qayyum ◽  
Sohail Khan ◽  
Mawara Iftikhar ◽  
Qazi Kamran Amin
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Oromandibular Dystonia ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Lingual Dystonia ◽  
The Face

Oromandibular dystonia is defined as a focal dystonia that manifests as forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue. Lingual dystonia is a rare subtype of oromandibular dystonia that specifically affects the tongue. Multiple etiologies are thought to attribute to oromandibular dystonia, including brain damage, the use of neuroleptic medications, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and viral infections. Idiopathic cases of isolated lingual dystonia are rare and seldom reported in the literature. This report describes a 35-year-old female patient with lingual dystonia that was present at rest and aggravated during speech. Despite detailed history taking and a thorough examination, along with multiple imaging and laboratory studies, no cause could be established and her case was classified as being that of an idiopathic etiology.

scholarly journals Substrate stiffness regulates primary hepatocyte functions

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (99) ◽  
pp. 80956-80966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishaali Natarajan ◽  
Eric J. Berglund ◽  
Dorothy X. Chen ◽  
Srivatsan Kidambi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Substrate Stiffness ◽  
Primary Hepatocyte ◽  
Chronic Injuries

Liver fibrosis occurs as a consequence of chronic injuries from viral infections, metabolic disorders, and alcohol abuse.

Role of cannabinoids in various diseases: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur ◽  
Nikita Sharma ◽  
Arpita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Aspect

Background: The plant, Cannabis sativa is heavily explored and researched with many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The medicinal and therapeutic role of cannabis Sativa has been summarized in the paper, citing its mechanism of action and influence on the human body. Diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders pose negative and long-term drastic effects on the body like neurodegeneration and other chronic system failures. Several existing literature has proved its effectiveness against such diseases. Objectives: This review aims to provide an overview of the role of cannabinoids in various diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders. Method: Various e-resources like Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched and read to form a well-informed and information-heavy manuscript. Here we tried to summaries the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa and its bioactive compound cannabinoids in various diseases. Result: This review highlights the various constituents which are present in Cannabis sativa, the Endocannabinoid system, and the role of cannabinoids in various diseases Conclusion: Recent research on Cannabis has suggested its role in neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, sleep disorders, pediatric diseases, and their analgesic nature. Therefore, the authors majorly focus on the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa in various diseases. The focus is also on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its role in fighting or preventing bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections.

Nutrition and Nutraceuticals in Neuroinflammatory and Brain Metabolic Stress: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Pandareesh ◽  
Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu ◽  
Sakina Razack ◽  
Narayanappa Amruta ◽  
Ramesh Choudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Effective Manner

Background and Objective: A steep rise in the incidences of neurodegenerative disorders could be the combined effect of several non-genetic factors such as increased life expectancy, environmental pollutants, lifestyle, and dietary habits, as population-level genetic change require multiple generations. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic over-nutrition induces brain metabolic stress and neuroinflammation, and are individually known to promote neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Although the association of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis with the dietary habits is well known, neuronal implications of diet and nutritional factors is still in its infancy. Transcriptomics and proteomics-based studies support the view that nutraceuticals target multiple neuroprotective pathways in a slow but effective manner without causing severe adverse effects, and may represent the future of tackling neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion: In this article we i) review the diet/dietary supplement connection with brain metabolic stress and neuroinflammation and ii) summarize current knowledge of the effects of nutraceuticals on neurodegenerative disorders.

Endocrine Disruptors and Neurobehavioral Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather B. Patisaul ◽  
Scott M. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Neural Disorders ◽  
The Brain

This chapter focuses on the role environmental pollutants are playing in the rapidly rising rate of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. The available EDC data are summarized and analyzed in relation to whether or not evidence supports a role for EDCs as contributing to neural disorders. The distinction between endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity is established by focusing on the differences between toxicants, toxins, and altered endocrine/neuroendocrine effects in organizational alterations of the brain. Evidence from experimental systems demonstrating effects of EDCs on the developing brain and the potential roles for EDCs as bad actors in rising rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are presented in detail. Additional impacts of EDCs on neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinsons’s disease, are reviewed. The mechanisms of rotenone and paraquat neurodegeneration are compared and contrasted with the evidence and mechanisms of actions for organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in Parkinsons’s disease.

Laboratory Studies of the Mating Habits of the Face Fly1

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Killough ◽  
Edward Scott McClellan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Escaping High Viral Load Exhaustion

2002 ◽  
Vol 195 (9) ◽  
pp. 1089-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Reignat ◽  
George J.M. Webster ◽  
David Brown ◽  
Graham S. Ogg ◽  
Abigail King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
The Face

Deletion, anergy, and a spectrum of functional impairments can affect virus-specific CD8 cells in chronic viral infections. Here we characterize a low frequency population of CD8 cells present in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection which survive in the face of a high quantity of viral antigen. Although they do not appear to exert immunological pressure in vivo, these CD8 cells are not classically “tolerant” since they proliferate, lyse, and produce antiviral cytokines in vitro. They are characterized by altered HLA/peptide tetramer reactivity, which is not explained by TCR down-regulation or reduced functional avidity and which can be reversed with repetitive stimulation. CD8 cells with altered tetramer binding appear to have a specificity restricted to envelope antigen and not to other HBV antigens, suggesting that mechanisms of CD8 cell dysfunction are differentially regulated according to the antigenic form and presentation of individual viral antigens.

scholarly journals Glyceryl Tribenzoate: A Food Additive with Unique Properties to Be a Substitute for Cinnamon

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The World ◽  
Ceylon Cinnamon ◽  
Recent Laboratory ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Cinnamon is a regularly used natural seasoning and flavouring material throughout the world for eras. Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that oral cinnamon may be beneficial for different neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Lewy body diseases (LBD). However, cinnamon’s certain limitations (e.g. unavailability of true Ceylon cinnamon throughout the world, impurities in ground cinnamon, etc.) have initiated an interest among researchers to find an alternate of cinnamon that can potentially deliver the same efficacy in the diseases mentioned above. Glyceryl tribenzoate (GTB) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved flavoring ingredient that is used in food and food packaging industries. It has been found that similar to cinnamon, oral GTB is capable of upregulating regulatory T cells and suppressing the autoimmune disease process of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Moreover, both GTB and cinnamon metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB) have the potency to attenuate neurodegenerative pathology in a mouse model of Huntington disease (HD). Here, we have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory property of GTB in astrocytes and macrophages, a property that is also seen with cinnamon and its metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB). Therefore, here, we have made a sincere attempt to discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between cinnamon and GTB with a focus whether GTB has the potential to be considered as a substitute of cinnamon for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Aspects of classification and diagnostic search for transient and persistent facial erythema

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.А. Сысоева ◽  
И.Е. Фролова ◽  
Е.К. Мураховская ◽  
А.С. Бишарова ◽  
И.Б. Мерцалова
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Carcinoid Syndrome ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Facial Flushing ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Benign Diseases ◽  
Facial Erythema ◽  
Family Practitioners ◽  
The Face

Розацеа – одно из наиболее частых заболеваний кожи лица. Клиническая картина розацеа характеризуется покраснением центральных частей лица, приливами, телеангиэктазиями, реже папулами и пустулами, фиматозными проявлениями. С покраснением кожи лица сталкиваются дерматологи, аллергологи, терапевты, семейные врачи. В типичных случаях диагностика розацеа не вызывает затруднений, однако покраснением кожи лица и приливами может сопровождаться множество заболеваний, как доброкачественных, так и злокачественных. Большинство случаев вызваны очень распространенными доброкачественными заболеваниями, такими как розацеа, которые легко диагностируются после тщательного сбора анамнеза и осмотра. Однако в некоторых случаях точный диагноз требует дальнейших лабораторных, радиологических или гистопатологических исследований. Например, карциноидный синдром, феохромоцитому, системный мастоцитоз, дерматомиозит, системную красную волчанку, анафилаксию необходимо исключить лабораторными исследованиями. В статье приведены основные заболевания, которые необходимо учитывать при диагностике транзиторной или постоянной эритемы при розацеа. Rosacea is one of the most common conditions on the face. Rosacea affecting the central parts of the face and is characterized by erythema, flushing, telangiectasia; papules and pustules. Cutaneous flushing – a common presenting complaint to dermatologists, allergists, internists, and family practitioners. Diagnosis typical cases of rosacea is not difficult, but many diseases, both benign and malignant, can be associated with facial flushing and erythema. Most cases are caused by very common, benign diseases, such as rosacea, that are readily apparent after a thorough taking of history and physical examination. However, in some cases, accurate diagnosis requires further laboratory, radiologic, or histopathologic studies. In particular, the serious diagnoses of carcinoid syndrome, pheochromocytoma, mastocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositisand anaphylaxis need to be excluded by laboratory studies. In the article, we present main diseases that dermatologysts should consider when diagnosing rosacea.

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