scholarly journals The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-52
Author(s):  
Baratali Rezapour ◽  
Sayed Jalil Musavi ◽  
Faezeh Shirzadeh Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Key Steps

One of the key steps in determining how to prevent the viral disease is to identify the virus. The virus lives in different ways and in different environments. It lives in the air, in the sea, on plants, animals and objects and humans. Some people put humans on the path of developing zoonotic diseases that are specific to animals but also involve people with unhealthy behaviors. In the food chain, each animal is hunted by other animals and feeds on other animals or plants and other objects. Bacteriophages are viruses that kill bacteria. And there are creatures that kill viruses and this is the biological struggle with viruses. When the virus enters the body, it performs a series of activities that lead to a series of symptoms in the patient. These symptoms include the behavior of viruses. These are among the ecological and behavioral characteristics of viruses that need to be fully understood in order to limit viruses and deal with epidemics and pandemics. In this study, we try to reach a conclusion by reviewing the articles that have information about the behavioral (signs and symptoms) and ecological characteristics of viruses and use these findings in order to combat viruses.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Disaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Solomon Arigwe Joseph ◽  
Abuhuraira Ado Musa ◽  
Faisal Muhammad ◽  
Tijjani Muhammad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

People began to become ill in late December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and the illness was revealed to be a kind of pneumonia with unusual signs and symptoms. It was eventually discovered as a novel coronavirus, a virus that causes widespread sickness in animals and birds. World Health Organization (WHO) named this new viral disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020.

scholarly journals Respiratory Care in Corona

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-620
Author(s):  
Mustafa Amdani, Dr. Swaroopa Chakole
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The expanse of the coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is huge. The impact is multispectral and affected almost all aspects of human life. SUMMARY Respiratory impact of the COVID-19 is the most felt and widely reported impact. As the novel coronavirus maintained its history of affecting lungs as seen previously in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. Ventilators and oxygen support system are required mostly in comorbid patients particularly amongpatientsbearing illnesses like asthma, bronchial impairment and so on. CONCLUSION More study needs to be done in order to assess the impact on the respiratory functioning of the body. Respiratory care must be including proper instruments so that more efficient result can be obtained. Research is needed to promote the invention of specific therapy for targeted action for respiratory functioning improvement.

scholarly journals Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
A.V. Andreeva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Markova ◽  
M.B. Antsiferov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Therapy ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Objective of the Review: To systematise the information on the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients who had the novel coronavirus infection; on the features of virus mechanism activation and pathological cascades in the body; on potential ways to control blood glucose during COVID-19. Key Points. During the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) associated with high death toll in all countries, specific groups of patients were identified, where the death rate was higher than the mean figures. These groups include DM patients. DM is associated with a high risk of severe coronavirus infection and is the second common comorbidity during COVID-19. DM, degree of its compensation and complications progression impact prognosis, coronavirus infection clinical course and survival. Therefore, effective teamwork of the healthcare professionals and patient is essential. The primary objective of coordination is creation of a clear algorithm of DM management during COVID-19: strict blood glucose monitoring and prompt intensification both of antihyperglycemic therapy and specific ethiopathogenetic management of COVID-19. Conclusion. DM patients require special attention and timely adequate assistance both in outpatient and inpatient settings. Long-term follow-up of DM patients after COVID-19 to minimise the risk of DM complications is also very important. Keywords: COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, novel coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Africa: The cost of perceived low incidence rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 050-054
Author(s):  
David Olufemi Adesanya ◽  
Precious Chidozie Azubuike
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Novel ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by the novel coronavirus and has hit many countries of the world heavily. The impact of COVID-19 in Africa, is contrary to the experts and professional predictions. Most African have very poor healthcare systems, water supply, sanitary environment and other factors that are requisite to combating the spread of the virus. Reports on COVID-19 incidence from Africa may not be a true reflection of the actual situation. The poor health information management system predominant in most African countries and the inability to carry out effective testing for cases could be responsible for this reported low incidence rates. The implications of perceived low incidence constitute a burden to governments of nations, health care workers, educational and other institutions, communities, women and girls; as well as members of the population. As the virus spreads across Africa, there is a need to improve active case finding and report same to enable effective planning and resource mobilization towards containing the spread of the virus.

scholarly journals Review of the efficacy of HEPA filtered air to control coronavirus risks in cleanrooms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Sandle
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Large Family ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Outer Coating

The risk of viral transmission in the built environment is a matter of concern in the era of the novel coronavirus pandemic, for most of society, given that humans spent the majority of their time indoors. For pharmaceuticals and healthcare, there is an additional concern about working in cleanrooms and the degree to which protective measures are appropriate. With cleanrooms, an important concern is with the efficacy of HEPA filters. This article looks at the risks stemming from SARS-CoV-2 and applies these to the cleanroom context. The article concludes that the cleanroom environment does not contribute to the risk of viral transmission, and certain design aspects can, in fact, reduce the risk compared with other built environments. Characteristics of the novel coronavirus Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV). Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted between animals and people ¹. Coronaviruses are classified as RNA ‘enveloped’ viruses, whereas viruses such as rotavirus, or poliovirus are termed non-enveloped. Enveloped viruses have an envelope or outer coating which is needed by the virus to help it attach to the host cell. If this outer coating is destroyed, for example by a disinfectant, the virus cannot survive. The mode of transmission for enveloped viruses is characterized by the specific virus; however, the most common routes are via indirect or direct contact of infectious virus particles, contact with or inhalation of respiratory droplets ². The specific coronavirus of concern is SARS-CoV-2, with SARS standing for ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome’ and CoV representing ‘coronavirus’. The associated respiratory disease is termed COVID-19 (to represent ‘coronavirus disease 2019). This particular virus can cause severe respiratory disease because cells in the lung are damaged and no longer able to transport oxygen into the bloodstream. Some symptoms of disease such as fever and fatigue result from the activities of the immune system trying to eliminate the infection from the body. Heat (fever) inactivates viruses and fatigue results from the high energy demands of the immune system fighting the virus ³.

scholarly journals Concept of emergence of a new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Valentina G. Dorofeychouck ◽  
Stella A. Sher
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Genetically Determined

This report presents a brief review of literature and the authors’ concept of the emergence of the novel coronavirus 19 infection. The purpose of the work is to show the significance of lysozyme deficiency in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on data from literature sources and the results of the authors’ past studies. The relevance of the study is due to the planetary scale of the spread of coronavirus infection, the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 with new aggressive signs, the difficulties of their treatment and prevention. Anatomo-functional connection of protective mechanisms of lysozyme, mucopolysaccharides of histohaematic barriers with preservation of immune, biochemical and tissue homeostasis is established. The loss of lysozyme, which has genetically determined enzymatic specificity, contributes to the development of damaging processes of immune, biochemical and tissue nature with manifestation in all organs and systems of the body. Inclusion of exogenous lysozyme in basic therapy and prophylaxis COVID-19 is proposed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the clinical characteristics of suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 during home care with isolation: A new retrospective analysis based on O2O

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Sufang Huang ◽  
Shangkun Liu ◽  
Juan Deng ◽  
Bo Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Observation Scale ◽  
Medical Observation ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SummaryBackgroundThe recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus in December 2019 (COVID-19) has activated top-level response nationwide. We developed a new treatment model based on the online-to-offline (O2O) model for the home isolated patients, because in the early stages the medical staff were insufficient to cope with so many patients.MethodsIn this single-centered, retrospective study, we enrolled 48 confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients who underwent home isolation in Wuhan between January 6 and January 31, 2020. By WeChat and online document editing all patients were treated with medical observation scale. The clinical indications such as Fever, Muscle soreness, Dyspnea and Lack of strength were collected with this system led by medical staff in management, medicine, nursing, rehabilitation and psychology.FindingsThe mean age of 48 patients was 39·08±13·88 years, 35(72·9%) were women. Compared with non-hospitalized patients, inpatients were older(≥70years, 2·4% vs 33·3%, P<0·04). All inpatients had fever, 50% inpatients had coughs and showed infiltration in both lungs at the time of diagnosis. 33·3% inpatients exhibited negative changes in their CT results at initial diagnosis. The body temperature of non-hospitalized patients with mild symptoms returned to normal by day 4-5. While dyspnea peaked on day 6 for non-hospitalized patients with mild symptoms, it persisted in hospitalized patients and exacerbated over time. The lack of strength and muscle soreness were both back to normal by day 4 for non-hospitalized patients.InterpretationMonitoring the trends of symptoms is more important for identifying severe cases. Excessive laboratory data and physical examination are not necessary for the evaluation of patients with mild symptoms. The system we developed is the first to convert the subjective symptoms of patients into objective scores. This type of O2O, subjective-to-objective strategy may be used in regions with similar highly infectious diseases to minimize the possibility of infection among medical staff.

Hyperbaric oxygenation in the implementation of rehabilitation measures after COVID-19 pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Kondratyeva ◽  
Natalya Alekseevna Kutalova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygenation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to research the hyperbaric oxygenation effect on the condition of patients in the course of complex treatment aimed at rehabilitation after suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia. Results: the impact of hyperbaric oxygenation on the body of patients who have suffered from the novel coronavirus infection provides a positive dynamics and improves their quality of life. Conclusion: in the process of rehabilitating patients who have undergone the new coronavirus infection, it is necessary to use various physiotherapeutic measures, including hyperbaric oxygenation.

scholarly journals Myths versus Truths regarding the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Amgain ◽  
Sujana Neupane ◽  
Laxmi Panthi ◽  
Pooja Thapaliya
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the COVID-19 Virus. This virus belongs to the family of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and classified as SARS-CoV-2, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is causing an ongoing global pandemic. The outbreak of this novel Coronavirus (nCoV-19) is causing great fear in public due to its rapid spread over 200 countries worldwide and created a global Public Health Emergency. The virus is an intracellular obligatory parasite that can even infect bacteria called Bacteriophage. Unlike Bacteria, Virus is not a living microorganism and can’t multiply in the outer environment. If we draw a line in between the living and non-living, it lies in the border3. However, the peculiar characteristic of the virus is that it can be living after entering the body of the living organism, causing harmful effects. Since it behaves like dust or dirt outside of our body, it is better to wash them out and prevent it to enter our bodies. In this way, the best way of prevention of this novel COVID-19 viral disease is to wash it out from our hand, rather than killing it by using a disinfectant, hand sanitizer, alcohol-based rub, etc. Key Message: Don’t Get the Virus, Don’t Give the Virus. Since COVID-19 Virus can enter the body from the reservoir mainly through respiratory droplets during coughing, keeping social distance and proper hand-washing are the best way to preventive measure. To prevent the rapid spreading of COVID-19, please strictly follow the following five precautionary and preventive measures yourself and ask others too. HANDS – wash them often with soap and water ELBOW – cough into it FACE – don’t touch it SPACE – keep social distance (> 3feets) FEEL SICK? - Stay home (with proper nursing care)

scholarly journals Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients, their Impact on Organs and the Potential Treatment by QTY Code-Designed Detergent-Free Chemokine Receptors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujahed I Mustafa ◽  
Abdelrahman H Abdelmoneim ◽  
Eiman M Mahmoud ◽  
Abdelrafie M Makhawi
Keyword(s):  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Synthetic Proteins ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus in not only causing respiratory problems, it may also damage the heart, kidneys, liver and other organs; in Wuhan 14 to 30% of COVID-19 patients have lost their kidney function and now require either dialysis or kidney transplants. The novel coronavirus gains entry into humans by targeting ACE2 receptor that found on lung cells, which destroy human lungs through cytokine storms, this leads to hyper-inflammation, forcing the immune cells to destroy healthy cells. This is why some COVID-19 patients need intensive care. The inflammatory chemicals released during COVID-19 infection cause the liver to produce proteins that defend the body from infections. However, these proteins can cause blood clotting, which can clog blood vessels in the heart and other organs; as a result, the organs are deprived from oxygen and nutrients which could ultimately lead to multi-organ failure and subsequent progression to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and often death. However, a novel protein modification tool called the QTY code, that are similar in their structure to antibodies, which could provide a solution to excess cytokines, these synthetic proteins can be injected into the body to blind the excess cytokines generated by the cytokine storm; this will eventually remove the excessive cytokines and inhibit the severe symptoms caused by the COVID-19 infection. In this review we will focuses on cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, their impact on the organs and the potential treatment by QTY code-designed detergent-free chemokine receptors.

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