scholarly journals Interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born moderate to late preterm: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Josephine Agyeman-Duah ◽  
Stephen Kennedy ◽  
Frances O'Brien ◽  
Giancarlo Natalucci
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Prematurity (birth before 37+0 weeks’ gestation) is associated with wide-ranging neurodevelopmental impairment. Prognosis among moderate to late (32+0 to <37+0  weeks’ gestation) preterm infants (MLPT) is better compared to their counterparts born very preterm (<32+0  weeks’ gestation). However the risk of developmental impairment among MLPT, who make up about 84% of all preterm infants, is 2-3 times higher when compared to infants born at term. Early interventions have aimed to improve outcomes in preterm infants generally, but there are limited data on their need and effect in MLPT specifically. Prioritising research, long-term follow-up and early interventions targeted at ameliorating the impact of preterm birth among MLPT is required. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the type of early childhood interventions (from birth until 4 years of age) offered to  MLPT children and to evaluate their impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes (cognitive, neurobehavioural and motor) as assessed in these children during childhood (until 18 years of age). Methods and analysis: A systematic literature search in Web of Science, Medline Ovid, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE will be conducted. Data on MLPT children receiving developmental interventions until the age of 4 years will be evaluated. Interventions may involve parents or primary caregivers. Primary outcomes are cognitive, neurobehavioural and motor development as measured from birth until the age of 18 years. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool will be used to evaluate the methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included in the review and will be graded as low, high  or unclear risk of bias. The quality of non-RCTs will be evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The quality of evidence for each outcome will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Approach. Publication and reporting bias will be assessed using Egger’s test and funnel plots respectively.

scholarly journals Interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born moderate to late preterm: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Josephine Agyeman-Duah ◽  
Stephen Kennedy ◽  
Frances O'Brien ◽  
Giancarlo Natalucci
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Prematurity (birth before 37+0 weeks’ gestation) is associated with wide-ranging neurodevelopmental impairment. Prognosis among moderate to late (32+0 to <37+0  weeks’ gestation) preterm infants (MLPT) is better compared to their counterparts born very preterm (<32+0  weeks’ gestation). However the risk of developmental impairment among MLPT, who make up about 84% of all preterm infants, is 2-3 times higher when compared to infants born at term. Early interventions have aimed to improve outcomes in preterm infants generally, but there are limited data on their need and effect in MLPT specifically. Prioritising research, long-term follow-up and early interventions targeted at ameliorating the impact of preterm birth among MLPT is required. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the type of early childhood interventions (from birth until 4 years of age) offered to  MLPT children and to evaluate their impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes (cognitive, neurobehavioural and motor) as assessed in these children during childhood (until 18 years of age). Methods and analysis: A systematic literature search in Web of Science, Medline Ovid, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE will be conducted. Data on MLPT children receiving developmental interventions until the age of 4 years will be evaluated. Interventions may involve parents or primary caregivers. Primary outcomes are cognitive, neurobehavioural and motor development as measured from birth until the age of 18 years. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool will be used to evaluate the methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included in the review and will be graded as low, high  or unclear risk of bias. The quality of non-RCTs will be evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The quality of evidence for each outcome will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Approach. Publication and reporting bias will be assessed using Egger’s test and funnel plots respectively.

scholarly journals Valuing the impact of health and social care programs using social return on investment analysis: how have academics advanced the methodology? A systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Louise Hutchinson ◽  
Angela Berndt ◽  
Deborah Forsythe ◽  
Susan Gilbert-Hunt ◽  
Stacey George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo identify how social return on investment (SROI) analysis—traditionally used by business consultants—has been interpreted, used and innovated by academics in the health and social care sector and to assess the quality of peer-reviewed SROI studies in this sector.DesignSystematic review.SettingsCommunity and residential settings.ParticipantsA wide range of demographic groups and age groups.ResultsThe following databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Econlit, Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Emerald, Social Care Online and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Limited uptake of SROI methodology by academics was found in the health and social care sector. From 868 papers screened, 8 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Study quality was found to be highly variable, ranging from 38% to 90% based on scores from a purpose-designed quality assessment tool. In general, relatively high consistency and clarity was observed in the reporting of the research question, reasons for using this methodology and justifying the need for the study. However, weaknesses were observed in other areas including justifying stakeholders, reporting sample sizes, undertaking sensitivity analysis and reporting unexpected or negative outcomes. Most papers cited links to additional materials to aid in reporting. There was little evidence that academics had innovated or advanced the methodology beyond that outlined in a much-cited SROI guide.ConclusionAcademics have thus far been slow to adopt SROI methodology in the evaluation of health and social care interventions, and there is little evidence of innovation and development of the methodology. The word count requirements of peer-reviewed journals may make it difficult for authors to be fully transparent about the details of their studies, potentially impacting the quality of reporting in those studies published in these journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018080195.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students' Physical Activity Levels: An Early Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro López-Valenciano ◽  
David Suárez-Iglesias ◽  
Miguel A. Sanchez-Lastra ◽  
Carlos Ayán
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
University Students ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to analyze the impact that the COVID-19 lockdown had on the amount of physical activity performed by university students.Materials and Methods: A systematic electronic search for studies providing information regarding physical activity levels pre and during COVID-19 pandemic in university students was performed up to 20th October 2020 in the databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The risk of bias of external validity quality of included studies was assessed by means of those the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The quality of the evidence for main outcomes was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Results and Conclusions: A total of 10 studies were selected. Physical activity levels were assessed by means of questionnaires (10 studies) and accelerometer (1 study). Risk of bias was regarded as low and high in six and four investigations, respectively. The quality of evidence was downgraded to low. A significant reduction of physical activity levels were observed in 9 studies. Compared to pre-lockdown values, five studies showed a reduction of light/mild physical activity (walking) between 32.5 and 365.5%, while seven studies revealed a reduction of high/vigorous physical activity between 2.9 and 52.8%. Walking, moderate, vigorous, and total physical activity levels have been reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic confinements in university students of different countries. Despite of the reductions, those who met the current minimum PA recommendations before the lockdown generally met the recommendations also during the confinements.

416 A NARRATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF POSTOPERATIVE REHABILITATION FOLLOWING SURGERY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Prasad ◽  
K Hardy ◽  
J Chmelo ◽  
M Navidi ◽  
A Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Abstract   Esophagectomy is a complex procedure with associated high levels of morbidity. Rehabilitation programmes are being developed and increasingly utilised in the perioperative period and comprise a variety of physical, nutritional and psychological interventions. Such strategies may help reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, mitigate sarcopenia, prevent progressive frailty and restore quality of life. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyse studies reporting outcomes of post-esophagectomy rehabilitative interventions. Methods Major reference databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google scholar) were interrogated and a systematic search with a pre-defined search strategy was performed up until January 2020. All eligible articles were screened in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) criteria for cohort studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised studies. Results Three studies (n = 1 pilot study; n = 1 feasibility study and n = 1 randomised controlled trial) including some 108 patients were included in this narrative review, of whom 64 patients had undergone esophagectomy. Rehabilitative strategies utilised included a combination of physical activities such as walking and low- to moderate-intensity exercises, dietary counselling, psychological support and occupational therapy input. There was wide variation in the outcomes assessed between studies. Postoperative physical activity with exercises consistently demonstrated maximum positive impact upon cardiopulmonary fitness. The median MINORS score for included studies was 9 (8-10) and the risk of bias in the included randomised trial was low. Conclusion There is a paucity of data currently to help determine the impact that rehabilitation may have on clinical outcomes and quality of life following esophagectomy. While improved physical function has been demonstrated, there is a need to determine which interventions patients deem most important and acceptable to help them return to as close to baseline as possible. Additionally, there is a need to further understand the impact rehabilitation may have upon long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Insomnia Interventions in the Workplace: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6401
Author(s):  
Juan Vega-Escaño ◽  
Ana María Porcel-Gálvez ◽  
Rocío de Diego-Cordero ◽  
José Manuel Romero-Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Romero-Saldaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify and evaluate the impact of interventions to improve or reduce insomnia in the workforce through randomized clinical trials. Following the recommendations of the PRISMA and MARS statement, a systematic literature search was carried out on the PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL, and PsycINFO databases, with no restrictions on the language or publication date. For the meta-analysis, a random-effects model and the Insomnia Severity Index were used as outcome measures. To assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence, the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the GRADE method were used, respectively. Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and 12 studies in the meta-analysis, making a total of 14 intervention groups with a sample of 827 workers. Cognitive behavioral therapy was the most widely used intervention. According to the estimated difference between the means, a moderate effect for the reduction of insomnia symptoms after the intervention (MD −2.08, CI 95%: [−2.68, −1.47]) and a non-significant degree of heterogeneity were obtained (p = 0.64; I2 = 0%). The quality of the evidence and the risk of bias were moderate. The results suggest that interventions on insomnia in the workplace are effective for improving workers’ health, and that improvements in the quality of sleep and a decrease in the symptoms of insomnia are produced, thanks to an increase in weekly sleeping hours and a reduction in latency at sleep onset. As regards work, they also led to improvements in productivity, presenteeism, and job burnout.

scholarly journals Small/kiddie Cigarette Packaging Size and Its Impact on Smoking: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halizah Mat Rifin ◽  
Miaw Yn Jane Ling ◽  
Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes ◽  
Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽  
Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Smoking Urge ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background:Kiddie/small packs contain less than 20 cigarette sticks in a pack.Kiddie packs were introduced by the tobacco industry to support moderation and encourage quit smoking among heavy smokers although this may in turn encourage underage smoking. Smaller packs may suggest lower costs and this may increase affordability among the younger generation. This concern has causedmany countries to ban the sale of single cigarette sticks or kiddie packs. Hence, a systematic review was conducted to identify the impact of kiddie packs on smoking as compared to regular cigarette packaging in the general population.Methods:A database search was conductedin PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus up to31stJanuary 2020. Other sources namely Google Scholar, as well as Journal of Substance Use and Tobacco Control were also searched.The results were analysed qualitatively, under four groups: initiation of smoking;urge /tendency to buy cigarettes; prevalence of smoking and attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. The methodological quality of all articles that were includedwas determined using a validated 16-item quality assessment tool (QATSDD). The literature search identified 2253 articles, of which20articles had met theinclusion criteria. Discussion:Articles that we reviewed had some evidence that kiddie packs increase the urge/tendency to buy cigarettes and also increase the attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. However, we found no evidence on theimpact of kiddie packs on the initiation of smoking and the prevalence of smoking. The average quality score for all papers was 34.1%.Given the diverse study settings of the articles and despite the challenges of the methodological quality of some papers, this review will provideevidence that kiddie packs increase urge/tendency to buy cigarettes and also increase the attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. However, since most studies were of low quality, further high-quality studies are needed to come to a firm conclusion of the impact of kiddie packs on smoking.Systematic review registration: PROSPEROCRD42018102325

scholarly journals Family Caregiver Strain and Challenges When Caring for Orthopedic Patients: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Maria Matarese ◽  
Valeria Arcangeli ◽  
Viviana Alciati ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Process Of Care ◽  
Orthopedic Patients ◽  
The Impact

Background: Caregivers represent the core of patients’ care in hospital structures, in the process of care and self-care after discharge. We aim to identify the factors that affect the strain of caring for orthopedic patients and how these factors are related to the quality of life of caregivers. We also want to evaluate the role of caregivers in orthopedic disease, focusing attention on the patient–caregiver dyad. Methods: A comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and Embase databases was conducted. This review was reported following PRISMA statement guidance. Studies were selected, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, about patient–caregiver dyads. For quality assessment, we used the MINORS and the Cochrane Risk of BIAS assessment tool. Results: 28 studies were included in the systematic review; in these studies, 3034 dyads were analyzed. Caregivers were not always able to bear the difficulties of care. An improvement in strain was observed after behavioral interventions from health-care team members; Conclusions: The role of the caregiver can lead to a deterioration of physical, cognitive and mental conditions. The use of behavioral interventions increased quality of life, reducing the strain in caregivers of orthopedic patients. For this reason, it is important to consider the impact that orthopedic disease has on the strain of the caregiver and to address this topic.

scholarly journals Assessing risk of bias in human environmental epidemiology studies using three tools: different conclusions from different tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Eick ◽  
Dana E. Goin ◽  
Nicholas Chartres ◽  
Juleen Lam ◽  
Tracey J. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Systematic reviews are increasingly prevalent in environmental health due to their ability to synthesize evidence while reducing bias. Different systematic review methods have been developed by the US National Toxicology Program’s Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT), the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), and by the US EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), including the approach to assess risk of bias (ROB), one of the most vital steps which is used to evaluate internal validity of the studies. Our objective was to compare the performance of three tools (OHAT, IRIS, TSCA) in assessing ROB. Methods We selected a systematic review on polybrominated diphenyl ethers and intelligence quotient and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder because it had been endorsed by the National Academy of Sciences. Two reviewers followed verbatim instructions from the tools and independently applied each tool to assess ROB in 15 studies previously identified. We documented the time to apply each tool and the impact the ROB ratings for each tool had on the final rating of the quality of the overall body of evidence. Results The time to complete the ROB assessments varied widely (mean = 20, 32, and 40 min per study for the OHAT, IRIS, and TSCA tools, respectively). All studies were rated overall “low” or “uninformative” using IRIS, due to “deficient” or “critically deficient” ratings in one or two domains. Similarly, all studies were rated “unacceptable” using the TSCA tool because of one “unacceptable” rating in a metric related to statistical power. Approximately half of the studies had “low” or “probably low ROB” ratings across all domains with the OHAT and Navigation Guide tools. Conclusions Tools that use overall ROB or study quality ratings, such as IRIS and TSCA, may reduce the available evidence to assess the harms of environmental exposures by erroneously excluding studies, which leads to inaccurate conclusions about the quality of the body of evidence. We recommend using ROB tools that circumvents these issues, such as OHAT and Navigation Guide. Systematic review registration This review has not been registered as it is not a systematic review.

scholarly journals The relationship between buildings and health: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. e121-e132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Ige ◽  
Paul Pilkington ◽  
Judy Orme ◽  
Ben Williams ◽  
Emily Prestwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The built environment exerts one of the strongest directly measurable effects on physical and mental health, yet the evidence base underpinning the design of healthy urban planning is not fully developed. Method This study provides a systematic review of quantitative studies assessing the impact of buildings on health. In total, 7127 studies were identified from a structured search of eight databases combined with manual searching for grey literature. Only quantitative studies conducted between January 2000 and November 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Studies were assessed using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Results In total, 39 studies were included in this review. Findings showed consistently that housing refurbishment and modifications, provision of adequate heating, improvements to ventilation and water supply were associated with improved respiratory outcomes, quality of life and mental health. Prioritization of housing for vulnerable groups led to improved wellbeing. However, the quality of the underpinning evidence and lack of methodological rigour in most of the studies makes it difficult to draw causal links. Conclusion This review identified evidence to demonstrate the strong association between certain features of housing and wellbeing such as adequate heating and ventilation. Our findings highlight the need for strengthening of the evidence base in order for meaningful conclusions to be drawn.

Lenticulostriate Vasculopathy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (08) ◽  
pp. 780-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Robinson ◽  
John Flibotte ◽  
Summer Kaplan ◽  
Sara DeMauro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lenticulostriate Vasculopathy

Objective The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of all studies that report neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months' corrected age or later for preterm infants (< 32 weeks) who are diagnosed with lenticulostriate vasculopathy (LSV) on cranial ultrasound. Study Design This is a systematic review. Results We identified 501 unique publications of which 3 met all prespecified eligibility criteria. Neurodevelopmental outcome data were available for 44 preterm infants with LSV. There were mixed results from the studies: the first reported impairments of mental development; the second reported impairments of motor development only; and finally, the third reported that three of three preterm infants with LSV had mild or moderate developmental delay. Conclusion The available results raise some concern for future impairments in preterm infants with LSV, but they are conflicting and inconclusive. There is insufficient evidence about the neurodevelopmental implications of LSV in preterm infants to inform counseling of parents.

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