scholarly journals The Index of Evidence: speculative methodologies in response to the post-truth era

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Gill Partington ◽  
Laura Salisbury ◽  
Steve Hinchliffe ◽  
Mike Michael ◽  
Lara Choksey
Keyword(s):  
Open Letter ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The past year has shown that even the fundamental idea of ‘evidence’ – in health contexts, but also more broadly - is coming under increasing strain. This open letter argues that the current crises of evidence and knowledge in which we find ourselves demands new speculative methodologies. It introduces the Index of Evidence – a Beacon Project funded by Exeter University’s Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health - as one example of such a methodology, outlining its theoretical foundations and process. The key innovation of this project is to rethink the form and presentation that research can take. Using the conceptual and material affordances of the index, it merges the creative and critical in ways that aim to make an important contribution to more inter-connected, theoretically sophisticated thinking around evidence.

scholarly journals Intellectual Freedom and Social Justice: Tensions Between Core Values in American Librarianship

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emily J. M. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Ethical Philosophy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractOver the past few years, tensions between two core values in U.S. librarianship, intellectual freedom and social justice, have roiled the profession. This conflict was most recently seen in the insertion and subsequent removal of “hate groups” to the list of entities that cannot be denied access to library meeting rooms in the American Library Association’s Meeting Rooms Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights. This paper is intended to provide context for this conflict. It begins by situating its arguments within ethical philosophy, specifically the study of values or axiology. It then provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of the values of liberalism. Next, the paper discusses the values of truth and freedom from harm in librarianship. Finally, it suggests that a fuller understanding of the library’s place within the public sphere is a possible model for mitigating the tensions currently found in American librarianship. The paper is intended to provide a theoretical foundation for further research.

scholarly journals WASHBACK TO LANGUAGE TEACHERS: A REVIEW OF MODELS AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN AND BEYOND VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Minh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Teachers Professional Development

Washback, i.e., test effects on teaching and learning, has been emerging as an attractive research topic in language training and assessment for over the past 20 years for its significant implications of test validation and fairness for both policy-makers and practitioners. Presently, it deserves more Vietnamese researchers' interest in the context of the enactment of the National Foreign Language Project 2020 (extended to 2025), which puts language assessment as a key innovation requirement. Washback operates either positively or negatively; i.e. promoting or inhibiting learning. Teachers are considered the precursor in the washback mechanism. There is only one washback model on the washback effects on teachers, which is proposed by Shih (2009). This paper aims to critically browse other washback models besides Shin’s (2009) to generate a washback framework on teachers' perceptions and practices. Previous empirical washback research on teachers in and beyond Vietnam is, then, investigated in alignment with the aspects illustrated in the framework to point out achievements and gaps in the field. A qualitative approach of document analysis of over forty studies of differing types, i.e. books, dissertations and articles, has been adopted to reach the research aim. The discussion is divided into two major parts, including the washback models pertaining to teachers to scaffold a model for teachers' perceptions and practices, and the results in empirical research in terms of the aspects mentioned in the model. Findings show that washback on teachers' perceptions ranges from perceptions of the test itself, students' language ability, teaching contents and methodology to teachers' professional development. Plus, washback on teachers' practices concerns their selections of teaching contents and methodology in class as well as their involvement in professional development. The element of professional development can be considered a new light in the reviewed washback model. This has a significant meaning by raising teachers' awareness of developing themselves professionally. The current paper expects to contribute to elaborating the scenario of washback research for interested researchers, practitioners and policymakers not only in but beyond the context of Vietnam.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Perceived Brand Globalness/Localness: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Directions for Further Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 1069031X2097318
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Klaus Schoefer ◽  
Fernando Fastoso ◽  
Efstathia Tzemou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Extensive research has investigated how perceived brand globalness (PBG) and perceived brand localness (PBL) affect brand preference since Steenkamp, Batra, and Alden’s (2003) landmark article. In this systematic literature review, we organize and synthesize the literature on PBG and PBL by analyzing 95 articles published in the past 17 years. We identify similarities, inconsistencies, and omissions in the literature by investigating different conceptualizations of PBG and PBL, boundary conditions of PBG and PBL effects on brand preference, psychological mechanisms through which PBG and PBL affect brand preference, the theoretical foundations underlying PBG and PBL research, and methodological approaches used in the literature. The study outlines avenues for further research based on prior research and current global trends, such as hybridization/glocalization marketing strategies, antiglobalization trends, and digitalization.

scholarly journals Gender in Socio-Legal Teaching and Research in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1345-1361
Author(s):  
Ulrike Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Standpoint Theory ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
Diversity Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractGender in socio-legal teaching and research in Germany is a story of impediments, hindrances, and of singleperson initiatives—my personal history being a part of this. But it is also a story of influences upon the impulse and inspiration to undertake socio-legal work. My Article is therefore influenced by (feminist) standpoint theory (Harding 1991). Germany has had a very conservative family culture and, over the past decades, many of the legal regulations that infringed upon women have had to be adapted, in what was quite a tedious political process, to comply with the German Constitution’s gender equality clause. Only in the past decade has gender awareness in law faculties increased and gained acceptance, usually as a result of greater focus on diversity issues, and anti-discrimination legislation. Obstacles have resulted from a lack of cooperation between the actors in social sciences and law, as well as in academia and gender equality practice, and a lack of understanding between more conservative and more progressive women. Socio-legal research was, and is, needed to deliver empirical evidence and provide theoretical foundations for cultural and legal changes as societies progress towards gender equality. Socio-legal teaching is needed to alert lawyers to necessary change, to enable them to undertake informed critique, and to prepare them to act. There are, however, marked deficits in socio-legal teaching and research on gender. In spite of an increased political acceptance, gender equality is still mainly a women’s project.

scholarly journals Is the Truth Down There?: Cultural Heritage Conflict and the Politics of Archaeological Authority

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Barber
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Past ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Approach ◽  
Applied Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The selective pressures and processes of cultural heritage management effectively disinherit some interest groups. Where this occurs in the context of postcolonial or nationalist conflict, the material archaeological record may be referenced to support or reject particular views. The disciplinary assumptions behind the archaeological evidence so produced are not usually contested in judicial contexts. A review of archaeology’s theoretical foundations suggests that this naivety itself may be problematic. A descriptive culture history approach dominated archaeology over the first half of the twentieth century with a strong political appeal to nationalist politics. Subsequently archaeology became concerned with processual explanation and the scientific identification of universal laws of culture, consistent with postwar technological optimism and conformity. A postprocessual archaeology movement from the 1970s has promoted relativism and challenged the singular authority of scientific explanation. Archaeologists caught within this debate disagree over the use of the archaeological record in situations of political conflict. Furthermore, the use of archaeology in the sectarian debate over the Ayodhya birthplace of Rama suggests that the material record of the past can become highly politicized and seemingly irresolvable. Archaeological research is also subject to other blatant and subtle political pressures throughout the world, affecting the nature and interpretation of the record. A system that privileges archaeological information values may be irrelevant also to communities who value and manage their ancestral heritage for customary purposes. Collectively this review of theory and applied knowledge suggests that it is unrealistic to expect that archaeology can authoritatively resolve strident claims and debates about the past. Instead, an important contemporary contribution of archaeology may be its potential to document cultural and historical contradictions and inclusions for the consideration of contemporary groups in conflict.

scholarly journals Investigating the Use of Sustainability and Sustainable Development by the City of Toronto Through a 30-Year Document Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenley Audrey Alkins
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Municipal Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The purpose of this research is to map the conceptual and theoretical foundations of sustainability and sustainable development, specifically how these concepts have been defined, conceptualized, and operationalized in the past, in effect to elucidate knowledge gaps and limitations of current research. This research uses an exploratory approach to textual discourse analysis to uncover the ways in which sustainability and sustainable development has been defined, conceptualized, and operationalized by the City of Toronto over the past thirty years. The findings of this research indicate that despite poorly defined conceptions of sustainability and sustainable development, operationalization has continued. However, many challenges to conceptualization and operationalization remain, such as those related to cross-scale coordination, understanding of social, economic, and environmental interdependencies, inadequate understanding of environmental conditions, and issues related to information sharing and reporting across institutions. Keywords sustainability; urban sustainability; sustainable development; municipal policy; municipal decisionmaking; textual data analysis; content analysis; discourse analysis

Patient Work Methods: Current Methods of Engaging Patients in Systems Design in Clinical, Community and Extraterrestrial Settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupa S. Valdez ◽  
Richard J. Holden ◽  
Nana Khunlerkit ◽  
Jenna Marquard ◽  
Kerry McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Current Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Human Factors And Ergonomics ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Patient Work ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

As Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) practice in health care expands, there is growing recognition of the need to consider and design for patient work. Over the past several years HF/E practitioners and researchers have begun to formalize the theoretical foundations of a patient work approach. Methodologically, patient work approaches have required adaptations of existing HF/E and social science approaches as well as the development of new approaches. This panel will focus on current approaches of engaging patients in designing interventions in the multiple settings in which patient work is performed. Each panelist will introduce their work by discussing the health care challenge and how existing methods were adapted or new methods created to engage patients in the design of systems. The panelists will then interact with audience members to solicit current health care challenges and to brainstorm ways in which methods could be adapted or innovated to engage patients in addressing these challenges.

scholarly journals Exploiting Game Theory for Analysing Justifications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-894
Author(s):  
SIMON MARYNISSEN ◽  
BART BOGAERTS ◽  
MARC DENECKER
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Logic Programming ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Semantic Framework ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractJustification theory is a unifying semantic framework. While it has its roots in non-monotonic logics, it can be applied to various areas in computer science, especially in explainable reasoning; its most central concept is a justification: an explanation why a property holds (or does not hold) in a model.In this paper, we continue the study of justification theory by means of three major contributions. The first is studying the relation between justification theory and game theory. We show that justification frameworks can be seen as a special type of games. The established connection provides the theoretical foundations for our next two contributions. The second contribution is studying under which condition two different dialects of justification theory (graphs as explanations vs trees as explanations) coincide. The third contribution is establishing a precise criterion of when a semantics induced by justification theory yields consistent results. In the past proving that such semantics were consistent took cumbersome and elaborate proofs.We show that these criteria are indeed satisfied for all common semantics of logic programming.

History of the development of epistolary style: from the past to the present

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
Elnurə Əflatun qızı Pirəliyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Key Words ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The first example of epistolary style in world literature is Horace`s Letter to the Pisons. It has been used in the history of Azerbaijani literature in three genres of epistolary style: verse letter, literary letter and open letter. The first example of a poetic letter is in the works of G. Tabrizi in the 11th century by M.F.Akhundov. We meet withopen letters in Akhundov`s works. Open letter is a genre of literary criticsm, verse letter and literary letter are genres of literary criticism. Key words: criticism, epistolary style, verse letter, literary letter, open letter

Theoretical foundations of narrative care: Turning towards relational ethics

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1917-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodil H Blix ◽  
Charlotte Berendonk ◽  
Vera Caine
Keyword(s):  
Political Activism ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Relational Ethics ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Jane Addams ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

In the past decades, narrative practices have been developed, and care has been conceptualized as being narrative in nature. More recently, narrative care has been developing both as a practice and a field of study. It is necessary to make the theoretical foundations of narrative care visible to avoid the risk of narrowly defining narrative care as a matter of storytelling and listening. In this article, we develop an understanding of narrative care grounded in early feminist pragmatist philosophy, with a focus on social and political activism and experience. Pragmatism holds the possibilities to open spaces for realities that are constantly in flux and for emergent situations that must be considered across time, diverse places and social contexts. With the aid of Vera’s stories about her relationship with Tammy, we demonstrate the importance of recognizing that realities are multiple, complex and uncertain. Furthermore, we discuss how the stronghold of formula stories and issues of power, positioning and inequities, restrict people’s possibilities to be, become and co-author their stories. We also argue that the playfulness, imagination and world travelling of narrative care are in line with early feminist pragmatism, which draws on a wide and diverse range of experiences. Jane Addams linked democracy to dialogue, joint experiences and social equality. This calls for the development of ethical frameworks grounded in care that are more specifically focused on relational ethics and a commitment to dialogical and relational democracy and the prioritization of community.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document