scholarly journals Time and Space of Heritage Preservation: Conservation Theoretical Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Kurmo Konsa
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Related Space ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Simple Change ◽  
The Life Course

In this article, I discuss the categories of time and space in lightof heritage conservation. I demonstrate that heritage creation isthe simultaneous creation of human time and space and that thecritical treatment of heritage requires a more specific analysis ofthese terms. First, I look at how the creation of human space occursthrough objects, and how the objects of the physical environmentbecome things, i.e. parts of our living world. The world can only beunderstood through change. This is a fundamental finding that formsthe basis for both elementary senses and complicated philosophies.In order to explain the change in heritage-related space, I am usingthe terms artificialisation and heritage technology. Artificialisationmeans the anthropogenic transformation of the environment,which takes place mainly with the help of technological systems.Therefore, the environment encompasses physical, biological andgenetic environments, as well as the human culture with its past.In this environment, it is impossible to distinguish between thehuman and non-human, since they make up a single hybrid whole.Artificialisation is by no means a determined course in history; it isa human means of description, a metaphor that helps to explain theprocesses ongoing in nature and human society. According to thisapproach, the heritage process is one technique in the artificialisationof the environment.Although change is central to conservation theory, it is also aconcept that causes the greatest doubts and ambiguous interpretations.The reason for this is very simple: change is related to time, whichis a foundational concept. In this article, I use metaphysical timemodels to analyse the life course of things and their damage. Finally,I also refer to the conservation theories of Eugène Viollet-le-Ducand John Ruskin. The essential difference between the conservationtheories that are discussed here lies in their attitudes toward time,and the related problems of object authenticity and identity. In theframework of the presentist model, it is not possible to solve themain contradiction connected to restoration. Stylistic restorationruins the authenticity of buildings as historical documents; howeverwithout restoration, the objects would be destroyed and therebylose their historical value. However, a solution to this dilemma canbe found based on the eternalist time model, which helps connectheritage to contemporary time, and avoid its physical, legal, andmental separation from the everyday life of society. The fact thatincluding objects as a part of heritage may damage them instead ofpreserving them should not be overlooked. The authenticity of anobject is not related to any ideal state in its history but to a conceptual,factual and actual state in its wholeness.

scholarly journals A TEORIA GEOSSISTÊMICA NA PESQUISA GEOMORFOLÓGICA: UMA ABORDAGEM TEÓRICO-CONCEITUAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (55) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Caio Lima-dos Santos ◽  
Osvaldo Girão
Keyword(s):  
Physical Geography ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Effect Relation

<p>A teoria geossistêmica está fortemente inserida na geográfica física, sobretudo no campo da pesquisa geomorfológica. Essa teoria busca realizar suas analises através da relação de causa e efeitos dos elementos que compõe o sistema terrestre, bem como tenta explicar como esses elementos se materializam no tempo e no espaço. Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma discussão teórica e conceitual sobre a teoria geossistêmica e seu desenvolvimento dentro da pesquisa geomorfológica, fazendo assim uma reflexão sobre o potencial e as fragilidades apresentadas por essa teoria. Destaca-se, portanto, a importância dessa teoria para orientar a ocupação territorial, considerando os atributos físico-ambientais e sua dinâmica, com intuito estabelecer uma ação humana menos onerosa à natureza e a sociedade que faz uso desses espaços.</p><p>THE GEOSYSTEMIC THEORY IN GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH: A THEORETICAL-CONCEPTUAL APPROACH</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /> The geosystemic theory is strongly embedded in Physical Geography, especially in the field of geomorphological research. This theory seeks to accomplish its analysis through the cause-effect relation of the elements that compose the Earth system, and it also attempts to explain how these elements are materialized in time and space. This article aims at making a theoretical and conceptual discussion on geosystemic theory and its development within the geomorphological research, thus making a reflection on the potential and weaknesses presented by this theory. We emphasize; however, the importance of this theory to guide land occupation considering the physical and environmental attributes and its dynamics in order to establish a less onerous nature and human society action that use these spaces.</p><p><span><br /></span></p>

Family Research from the Life Course Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Huinink ◽  
Michael Feldhaus
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Family Research ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Life Course

This article presents an argument for overcoming some of the limits of current family research. To start, some major research questions concerning the future challenges of demographic change and its implications for modern welfare states are addressed. The authors propose an agenda for making progress in this field via two interrelated steps. First, they propose an integration of theoretical approaches explaining family dynamics and design a conceptual framework to model couples' and family dynamics as a process of purposeful individual action and decision-making over the life course. Second, methodological requirements of family research from this theoretical perspective are identified. Conclusions are drawn with regard to longitudinal data collection covering all dimensions of couples' and family dynamics and not just the structural dimensions.

scholarly journals Inclusive fitness and differential productivity across the life course determine intergenerational transfers in a small-scale human society

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1803) ◽  
pp. 20142808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Hooper ◽  
Michael Gurven ◽  
Jeffrey Winking ◽  
Hillard S. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Intergenerational Transfers ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Extended Lifespan ◽  
The Life Course

Transfers of resources between generations are an essential element in current models of human life-history evolution accounting for prolonged development, extended lifespan and menopause. Integrating these models with Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness, we predict that the interaction of biological kinship with the age-schedule of resource production should be a key driver of intergenerational transfers. In the empirical case of Tsimane’ forager–horticulturalists in Bolivian Amazonia, we provide a detailed characterization of net transfers of food according to age, sex, kinship and the net need of donors and recipients. We show that parents, grandparents and siblings provide significant net downward transfers of food across generations. We demonstrate that the extent of provisioning responds facultatively to variation in the productivity and demographic composition of families, as predicted by the theory. We hypothesize that the motivation to provide these critical transfers is a fundamental force that binds together human nuclear and extended families. The ubiquity of three-generational families in human societies may thus be a direct reflection of fundamental evolutionary constraints on an organism's life-history and social organization.

Partners of Humans: A Realistic Assessment of the Role of Robots in the Foreseeable Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Aleksander
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Control ◽  
The Press ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
The Media ◽  
University Of Chicago Press

As robots are generally thought to perform human-like tasks, they depend on the successes of information technology in the area of artificial intelligence to succeed in such pursuits. But robots, through their anthropomorphic character and their weighty presence in science fiction, attract the attention of the press and the media in a way that, at times, blurs the distinction between the actual state of the art and exaggerated claims. This makes it hard to assess the true functional positioning of robots, how this is likely to move forward and whether the outcome of progress could be detrimental to human society. The aim of this paper is to review the actual level of competence that is being achieved in robotics research laboratories and a plausible impact that this is likely to have on human control over life and jobs. The key thesis here is that cognition in machines and even an artificial form of consciousness lead to operations in a set of tasks (the ‘algorithmic’ category) which is different from that available to truly cognitive and conscious human beings (the ‘life-need’ category): that is, in the paper it is argued that a major category error (Ryle in The concept of mind, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1949) looms in predictions of serious threats to humanity. As far as a threat to jobs goes, it is argued that early attention to education and re-skilling of humans in the workplace can lead to an effective symbiosis between people and robots.

The Typological and Psychological Features of the Entrepreneur and Their Impact on Ethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gorobievschi ◽  
Lavinia Nădrag
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Features

Throughout the knowledge-based human society development, the human factor in organizational management has become a competitive factor due to its professional competence and social skills. The authors of this research have set the aim of characterizing the entrepreneur from the social-psychological perspective that influences his/her ethical behavior. The authors have dealt with the typological and psychological traits from a theoretical perspective, have summarized the concept of temperament and character showing that there is interaction between them; also, they have characterized and classified them into groups, providing several examples. In the practical part, the authors conducted tests on students at the Technical University of Moldova using psychological evaluation tests of temperament and character, proposed by scholars well-known in this field.

New Media and Cultural Identity in the Global Society

2010 ◽  
pp. 795-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Ming Chen ◽  
Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Media Globalization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rapid Transformation

New media has been the main force accelerating the development of globalizing society in the last two decades. With its digital, convergent, interactive, hypertextual, and virtual nature, new media has brought human interaction and society to a highly interconnected and complex level. The rapid transformation of human society due to the impact of the convergence of new media and globalization directly influences the construction and development of cultural identity. The emergence of new media and globalization not only breaks through the limit of the traditional time and space, but also may challenge the meaning of cultural identity. The purpose of this chapter is to unravel the intricate relationships between new media, globalization, and cultural identity through the process of definition, interpretation, and critical analysis.

Being Pursued Online

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford W. Reyns ◽  
Billy Henson ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Routine Activities Theory ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Face To Face

Building upon Eck and Clarke’s (2003) ideas for explaining crimes in which there is no face-to-face contact between victims and offenders, the authors developed an adapted lifestyle–routine activities theory. Traditional conceptions of place-based environments depend on the convergence of victims and offenders in time and physical space to explain opportunities for victimization. With their proposed cyberlifestyle–routine activities theory, the authors moved beyond this conceptualization to explain opportunities for victimization in cyberspace environments where traditional conceptions of time and space are less relevant. Cyberlifestyle–routine activities theory was tested using a sample of 974 college students on a particular type of cybervictimization—cyberstalking. The study’s findings provide support for the adapted theoretical perspective. Specifically, variables measuring online exposure to risk, online proximity to motivated offenders, online guardianship, online target attractiveness, and online deviance were significant predictors of cyberstalking victimization. Implications for advancing cyberlifestyle–routine activities theory are discussed.

scholarly journals New Explanations to Law of Resource Utilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Yi Ming Cai
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Continuous Extension ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Core Content ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Law ◽  
Material Cycling ◽  
Systematic Explanation

The serious problems of resources and environment arising in development of human society have important ties with the scientific understanding of mankind toward the law of resource utilization. The author has demonstrated, based on the division of human resource utilization in depth and breadth spaces, the material form and nature of the depth and breadth space resources; and put forward the time model of the depth and breadth space resource utilization——a time demarcation and analysis of human resource utilization, with which we can see in the other sphere the various states of the influences of resource utilization by mankind to the environment. The continuous extension and utilization of depth space resource at one point is the core content of new explanation to resource utilization in phenomenon of “work”. The time model of the breadth space takes the carbon cycling as the example and divides the resource material cycling into three stages. The analysis by the author offers us an audio-visual and comparatively new “cross-section” in the research of depth and breadth space resource utilization, also a new and systematic explanation to the law of resource utilization.

scholarly journals Organizational Turning Points: The Transformation of the Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Luca Berardi ◽  
Sandra Bucerius
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time

Sociologists and criminologists have relied on the concept of “turning points” to map individual criminal careers over the life course. Similar to individuals, criminal organizations undergo drastic changes that influence their trajectory over time and space. Using the case of the Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation (ALKQN) in New York City, we introduce the concept of “organizational turning points” to explain the group’s evolution through various legitimate and illegitimate forms. Bringing together conceptual lenses from literature on organizational change, culture and cognition, and criminology, we demonstrate that street gangs can be complex and fluid organisms that change over time and space. Identifying and recognizing organizational turning points in criminal groups can have important implications for scholars and practitioners alike.

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